<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>研究小鼠腹主动脉瘤的分子机制

<ol>
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D., Cynamon, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+ruptured+abdominal+aneurysms+with+stent+grafts:+A+new+gold+standard.">Treatment of ruptured abdominal aneurysms with stent grafts: A new gold standard.</a> Semin Vasc Surg. 16 (2), 171-175 (2003).</li><li>Golledge, J., Thanigaimani, S., Powell, J. T., Tsao, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+and+management+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Pathogenesis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Eur Heart J. 44 (29), 2682-2697 (2023).</li><li>Wanhainen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Editor's+choice+--+European+Society+for+Vascular+Surgery+(ESVS)+2024+clinical+practice+guidelines+on+the+management+of+abdominal+aorto-iliac+artery+aneurysms.">Editor's choice -- European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2024 clinical practice guidelines on the management of abdominal aorto-iliac artery aneurysms.</a> Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 67 (2), 192-331 (2024).</li><li>Golledge, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lack+of+an+effective+drug+therapy+for+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Lack of an effective drug therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> J Intern Med. 288 (1), 6-22 (2020).</li><li>Li, R., Liu, Y., Jiang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Research+advances+in+drug+therapy+for+abdominal+aortic+aneurysms+over+the+past+five+years:+An+updated+narrative+review.">Research advances in drug therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysms over the past five years: An updated narrative review.</a> Int J Cardiol. 372, 93-100 (2023).</li><li>Lysgaard Poulsen, J., Stubbe, J., Lindholt, J. 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M., Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+for+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 179 (5), 792-810 (2022).</li><li>Deng, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urokinase-type+plasminogen+activator+plays+a+critical+role+in+angiotensin+II-induced+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">Urokinase-type plasminogen activator plays a critical role in angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Circ Res. 92 (5), 510-517 (2003).</li><li>Gertz, S. D., Kurgan, A., Eisenberg, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aneurysm+of+the+rabbit+common+carotid+artery+induced+by+periarterial+application+of+calcium+chloride+in+vivo.">Aneurysm of the rabbit common carotid artery induced by periarterial application of calcium chloride in vivo.</a> J Clin Invest. 81 (3), 649-656 (1988).</li><li>Chiou, A. C., Chiu, B., Pearce, W. 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(180), e63608 (2022).</li><li>Origuchi, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aneurysm+induced+by+periarterial+application+of+elastase+heals+spontaneously.">Aneurysm induced by periarterial application of elastase heals spontaneously.</a> Int Angiol. 17 (2), 113-119 (1998).</li><li>Tanaka, A., Hasegawa, T., Zhi, C., Okita, Y., Okada, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+rat+model+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+using+a+combination+of+intraluminal+elastase+infusion+and+extraluminal+calcium+chloride+exposure.">A novel rat model of abdominal aortic aneurysm using a combination of intraluminal elastase infusion and extraluminal calcium chloride exposure.</a> J Vasc Surg. 50 (6), 1423-1432 (2009).</li><li>Zhu, J. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+new+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+model+in+rats+by+a+retroperitoneal+approach.">Establishment of a new abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rats by a retroperitoneal approach.</a> Front Cardiovasc Med. 9, 808732 (2022).</li><li>Bi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+novel+rabbit+model+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+via+a+combination+of+periaortic+calcium+chloride+and+elastase+incubation.">Development of a novel rabbit model of abdominal aortic aneurysm via a combination of periaortic calcium chloride and elastase incubation.</a> PLoS One. 8 (7), e68476 (2013).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), e3564 (2012).</li><li>Ishida, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+CaCl2-induced+aortic+inflammation+and+subsequent+aneurysm+formation+by+the+CCL3-CCR5+axis.">Prevention of CaCl2-induced aortic inflammation and subsequent aneurysm formation by the CCL3-CCR5 axis.</a> Nat Commun. 11 (1), 5994 (2020).</li><li>Economou, S. G., Taylor, C. B., Beattie, E. J., Davis, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Persistent+experimental+aortic+aneurysms+in+dogs.">Persistent experimental aortic aneurysms in dogs.</a> Surgery. 47, 21-28 (1960).</li><li>Freestone, T., Turner, R. J., Higman, D. J., Lever, M. J., Powell, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+hypercholesterolemia+and+adventitial+inflammation+on+the+development+of+aortic+aneurysm+in+rabbits.">Influence of hypercholesterolemia and adventitial inflammation on the development of aortic aneurysm in rabbits.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 17 (1), 10-17 (1997).</li><li>Carsten, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elastase+is+not+sufficient+to+induce+experimental+abdominal+aortic+aneurysms.">Elastase is not sufficient to induce experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms.</a> J Vasc Surg. 33 (6), 1255-1262 (2001).</li><li>Yue, J., Yin, L., Shen, J., Liu, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+murine+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+rupture+model+using+elastase+perfusion+and+angiotensin+II+infusion.">A modified murine abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture model using elastase perfusion and angiotensin II infusion.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 67, 474-481 (2020).</li><li>Ailawadi, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gender+differences+in+experimental+aortic+aneurysm+formation.">Gender differences in experimental aortic aneurysm formation.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24 (11), 2116-2122 (2004).</li><li>Furubayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+significance+of+chymase+in+the+progression+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysms+in+dogs.">The significance of chymase in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms in dogs.</a> Hypertens Res. 30 (4), 349-357 (2007).</li><li>Bi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+a+modified+rabbit+model+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+induced+by+topical+application+of+porcine+elastase:+5-month+follow-up+study.">Performance of a modified rabbit model of abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by topical application of porcine elastase: 5-month follow-up study.</a> Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 45 (2), 145-152 (2013).</li><li>Wu, X. F., Zhang, J., Paskauskas, S., Xin, S. J., Duan, Z. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+estrogen+in+the+formation+of+experimental+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm.">The role of estrogen in the formation of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm.</a> Am J Surg. 197 (1), 49-54 (2009).</li></ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anesthesia Machine</td><td>RWD</td><td>R550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Butorphanol</td><td>Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd</td><td>220608BP</td><td>1ml: 1mg</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6JGpt Male Mice</td><td>GemPharmatech</td><td>N000013</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium Chloride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>C4901</td><td>100 g</td></tr><tr><td>Carprofen</td><td>MCE</td><td>HY-B1227</td><td>100 mg</td></tr><tr><td>Chow Diet</td><td>Dossy Experimental Animals Co.Ltd</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital Caliper</td><td>Greener</td><td>IP54</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Jinhe Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd</td><td>539682</td><td>75%/500 mL</td></tr><tr><td>EVG Staining Kit</td><td>Solarbio</td><td>G1597</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GraphPad Prism</td><td>Graphpad</td><td></td><td>Ver 9.0.0</td></tr><tr><td>H&amp;amp;E Staining Kit</td><td>Servicebio</td><td>G1076</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin Syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>2143420</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>RWD</td><td>R510-22-4</td><td>100 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Masson Staining Kit</td><td>Servicebio</td><td>G1006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Normal Saline</td><td>Servicebio</td><td>G4702</td><td>500 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde</td><td>Biosharp</td><td>BL539A</td><td>4%/500 mL</td></tr><tr><td>PBS, 1x</td><td>Servicebio</td><td>G4202</td><td>500 mL</td></tr><tr><td>Porcine Pancreatic Elastase</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>E1250</td><td>100 mg</td></tr><tr><td>Povidine Iodine</td><td>Yongan Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd</td><td></td><td>5%/100 mg</td></tr><tr><td>Prolene Polypropylene Suture</td><td>Ethicon LLC</td><td>8709H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rodent Ultrasound System</td><td>Fujifilm</td><td>Vevo 3100LT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereo Microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>SZ61</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic Couplant</td><td>Keppler</td><td>KL-250</td><td>250 g</td></tr></tbody></table>

a mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm model by periadventitial calcium chloride and elastase infiltration

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：腹主动脉瘤小鼠模型的开发和表征

通过外膜周围氯化钙和弹性蛋白酶浸润的小鼠腹主动脉瘤模型

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high mortality rates. It is characterized by the permanent dilation of the ...

a-mouse-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-model-periadventitial-calcium

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model by Periadventitial Calcium Chloride and Elastase Infiltration

663 次观看.  Sichuan University. 本研究提出了一种使用氯化钙和猪胰弹性蛋白酶建立小鼠腹主动脉瘤模型的方案，可用于研究腹主动脉瘤下的病理生理机制。我们的方案结合了外膜周围 PPE 和氯化钙浸润的优点，这是一种安全、稳定且可重复的小鼠 AAA 模型，展示了 AAA 的高发生率、腹主动脉的显着扩张以及类似于在人类 AAA 中观察到的病理生理变化。未来，我们的研究团队致力于?...

视频: 作者聚焦：腹主动脉瘤小鼠模型的开发和表征

Creation of Murine Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Elastase 

Transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta is the most widely used animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ever since it was first described in rats by Anidjar and colleagues.1 The rationale for its development was based on the disrupted nature of elastin observed in AAAs. This rat model has been modified to produce AAAs in the infrarenal aortic region of mice.2 The model has the ability to add broad insight into the pathobiology of AAA due to the emergence of numerous transgenic and gene knockout mice. Moreover, it is a viable platform to test potential therapeutic agents for AAA. In this video, we demonstrate the elastase infusion AAA procedure used in our laboratory. 
Mice are anesthetized using 2.5% isoflurane, and a laparotomy is performed under sterile conditions. The abdominal aortais isolated with the assistance of an operating stereomicroscope (Leica). After placing temporary ligatures around the proximal and distal aorta, an aortotomy is created at the bifurcation with the tip of a 30-gauge needle. A heat-tapered segment of PE-10 polyethylene tubing is introduced through the aortotomy and secured. The aortic lumen is subsequently perfused for 5-15 minutes at 100 mm Hg with saline containing type I porcine pancreatic elastase (4.5 U/mL; Sigma Chemical Co.). After removing the perfusion catheter, the aortotomy is repaired without constriction of the lumen.

Creation of Murine Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with Elastase

This video shows how to induce abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in mice via transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. The model has the ability to add broad insight into the pathobiology of AAA due to the emergence of numerous transgenic and gene knockout mice.

创建小鼠实验与弹性蛋白酶的腹主动脉瘤

Transient intraluminal infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase into the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta is the most widely used animal model of ...

科研

生物学

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathophysiology. There is no abdominal aortic aneurysm endograft exclusion model cheap and reproducible, which would allow deep investigations of AAA before and after treatment. We hereby describe how to induce, and then to exclude with a covered coronary stentgraft an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat. The well known elastase induced AAA model was first reported in 19901 in a rat, then described in mice2. Elastin degradation leads to dilation of the aorta with inflammatory infiltration of the abdominal wall and intra luminal thrombus, matching with human AAA. Endovascular exclusion with small covered stentgraft is then performed, excluding any interactions between circulating blood and the aneurysm thrombus. Appropriate exclusion and stentgraft patency is confirmed before euthanasia by an angiography thought the left carotid artery. Partial control of elastase diffusion makes aneurysm shape different for each animal. It is difficult to create an aneurysm, which will allow an appropriate length of aorta below the aneurysm for an easy stentgraft introduction, and with adequate proximal and distal neck to prevent endoleaks. Lots of failure can result to stentgraft introduction which sometimes lead to aorta tear with pain and troubles to stitch it, and endothelial damage with post op aorta thrombosis. Giving aspirin to rats before stentgraft implantation decreases failure rate without major hemorrhage. Clamping time activates neutrophils, endothelium and platelets, and may interfere with biological analysis.

Histological and biochemical modifications after aneurysm endograft exclusion are still unclear. We describe a new model of endograft implantation on a murine aneurysm. Through thrombus analysis with and without persistant circulating blood stream interface, and new endovascular biomaterials evaluation, this model will help to better understand endovascular aneurysm exclusion pathobiology.

一种新的小鼠模型主动脉瘤腔内修复

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of ...

医学

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

三氯化铁诱发血栓形成小鼠模型上的颈动脉和肠系膜血管

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Reproducible Arterial Denudation Injury by Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Clamping in a Murine Model

Percutaneous vascular interventions uniformly result in arterial denudation injuries that subsequently lead to thrombosis and restenosis. These complications can be attributed to impairments in re-endothelialization within the wound margins. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of re-endothelialization remain to be defined. While several animal models to study re-endothelialization after arterial denudation are available, few are performed in the mouse because of surgical limitations. This undermines the opportunity to exploit transgenic mouse lines and investigate the contribution of specific genes to the process of re-endothelialization. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol for creating a highly reproducible murine model of arterial denudation injury in the infrarenal abdominal aorta using external vascular clamping. Immunocytochemical staining of injured aortas for fibrinogen and &#946;-catenin demonstrate the exposure of a pro-thrombotic surface and the border of intact endothelium, respectively. The method presented here has the advantages of speed, excellent overall survival rate, and relative technical ease, creating a uniquely practical tool for imposing arterial denudation injury in transgenic mouse models. Using this method, investigators may elucidate the mechanisms of re-endothelialization under normal or pathological conditions.

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of re-endothelialization following arterial denudation injury is of paramount importance in preventing thrombosis and restenosis of arteries. Here we describe a protocol for reproducible arterial denudation injury of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The procedure was developed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that regulate endothelial regeneration using mouse models.

重复性的动脉剥脱损伤腹主动脉阻断在小鼠模型

Percutaneous vascular interventions uniformly result in arterial denudation injuries that subsequently lead to thrombosis and restenosis. These ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the aorta in mice using the sleeve method was short and easy averaging 20 min, permitting studies of iso/allo grafts. The following article describes the aortic transplantation procedure used in our laboratory. The mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 1.5% volume isoflurane and 100% oxygen through a face mask. At this point, the segment of the aorta between the renal arteries and its bifurcation was separated from the vena cava, freely prepared and clampedat the proximal and distal segments with a single silk suture. Prior to the removal of the aorta, a saline solution containing heparin was injected into the inferior vena cava. Then the aorta was cut between the clamps and a saline heparin solution was used to flush the lumen. The sleeve technique with monofilament sutures was used in order to transplant the abdominal aorta in the orthotopic position.

We present an orthotopic aortic transplantation model using the sleeve technique in mice. It is a very rapid anastomosis method, which can be employed in studies of vascular disease.

套筒技术在主动脉移植小鼠模型中的应用-教学视频

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.
The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the aorta induce chronic hypoxia due to hypoperfusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum. This article describes a novel animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with characteristics similar to those of AAA in humans.

阻断外瓦萨血管灌注对腹主动脉瘤鼠模型的建立

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic ...

Murine Surgical Model of Topical Elastase Induced Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

According to the Center for Disease Control, aortic aneurysms (AAs) were considered a leading cause of death in all races and both sexes from 1999-2016. An aneurysm forms as a result of progressive weakening and eventual dilation of the aorta, which can rupture or tear once it reaches a critical diameter. Aneurysms of the descending aorta in the chest, called descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (dTAA), make up a large proportion of aneurysm cases in the United States. Uncontained dTAA rupture is almost universally lethal, and elective repair has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our model is to study dTAA specifically, to elucidate the pathophysiology of dTAA and to search for molecular targets to halt the growth or reduce the size of dTAA. By having a murine model to study thoracic pathology precisely, targeted therapies can be developed to specifically test dTAA. The method is based on the placement of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) directly on the outer murine aortic wall after surgical exposure. This creates a destructive and inflammatory reaction, which weakens the aortic wall and allows for aneurysm formation over weeks to months. Though murine models possess limitations, our dTAA model produces robust aneurysms of predictable size. Furthermore, this model can be used to test genetic and pharmaceutical targets which may arrest dTAA growth or prevent rupture. In human patients, interventions such as these could help avoid aneurysm rupture, and difficult surgical intervention.

We describe a surgical protocol to consistently induce robust descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice. The procedure involves left thoracotomy, thoracic aorta exposure, and placement of a sponge soaked in porcine pancreatic elastase on the aortic wall.

局部性乳酸酶诱导下降胸腔主动脉瘤的毛尿外科模型

According to the Center for Disease Control, aortic aneurysms (AAs) were considered a leading cause of death in all races and both sexes from 1999-2016. ...

Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model Induced by Perivascular Application of Elastase

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), although primarily asymptomatic, is potentially life-threatening as the rupture of AAA usually has a devastating outcome. Currently, there are several distinct experimental models of AAA, each emphasizing a different aspect in the pathogenesis of AAA. The elastase-induced AAA model is the second most used rodent AAA model. This model involves direct infusion or application of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to the infrarenal segment of the aorta. Due to technical challenges, most elastase-induced AAA model nowadays is performed with the external application rather than an intraluminal infusion of PPE. The infiltration of elastase will cause degradation of elastic lamellae in the medial layers, resulting in the loss of aortic wall integrity and subsequent dilation of the abdominal aorta. However, one disadvantage of the elastase-induced AAA model is the inevitable variation of how the surgery is performed. Specifically, the surgical technique of isolating the infrarenal segment of the aorta, the material used for aorta wrapping and PPE incubation, the enzymatic activity of PPE, and the time duration of PPE application can all be important determinants that affect the eventual AAA formation rate and aneurysm diameter. Notably, the difference in these factors from different studies on AAA can lead to reproducibility issues. This article describes a detailed surgical process of the elastase-induced AAA model through direct application of PPE to the adventitia of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in the mouse. Following this procedure, a stable AAA formation rate of around 80% in male and female mice is achievable. The consistency and reproducibility of AAA studies using an elastase-induced AAA model can be significantly enhanced by establishing a standard surgical procedure.

The present protocol describes a standardized surgical method for the elastase-induced AAA model through the direct application of elastase to the adventitia of infrarenal abdominal aorta in mice.

血管周围应用弹性蛋白酶诱导的小鼠腹主动脉瘤模型

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), although primarily asymptomatic, is potentially life-threatening as the rupture of AAA usually has a devastating outcome. ...

A Calcium Phosphate-Induced Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that occurs worldwide and is characterized by irreversible dilation of the abdominal aorta. Currently, several chemically induced murine AAA models are used, each simulating a different aspect of the pathogenesis of AAA. The calcium phosphate-induced AAA model is a rapid and cost-effective model compared to the angiotensin II- and elastase-induced AAA models. The application of CaPO4 crystals to the mouse aorta results in elastic fiber degradation, loss of smooth muscle cells, inflammation, and calcium deposition associated with aortic dilation. This article introduces a standard protocol for the CaPO4-induced AAA model. The protocol includes material preparation, the surgical application of the CaPO4&#160;to the adventitia of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, the harvesting of aortas to visualize aortic aneurysms, and histological analyses in mice.

This protocol describes a calcium phosphate-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mouse model to study the pathological features and molecular mechanisms of AAAs.

磷酸钙诱导的小鼠腹主动脉瘤模型

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that occurs worldwide and is characterized by irreversible dilation of the ...

评估弹性蛋白酶治疗后小鼠主动脉瘤的发育

Advanced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Modeling in Mice by Combination of Topical Elastase and Oral &#223;-aminopropionitrile

The topical elastase murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is enhanced when combined with &#223;-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-supplemented drinking water to reliably produce true infrarenal aneurysms with behaviors that mimic human AAAs. Topically applying elastase to the adventitia of the infrarenal aorta causes structural damage to the elastic layers of the aortic wall and initiates aneurysmal dilation. Co-administering BAPN, a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, promotes sustained wall degeneration by reducing collagen and elastin crosslinking. This combination results in large AAAs that progressively expand, form intraluminal thrombus, and are capable of rupture. Refining surgical techniques, such as circumferentially isolating the entire infrarenal aortic segment, can help standardize the procedure for a consistent and thorough application of porcine pancreatic elastase despite different operators and anatomic variations between mice. Therefore, the elastase/BAPN model is a refined approach to surgically inducing AAA in mice, which may better recapitulate human aneurysms and provide additional opportunities to study aneurysm growth and rupture risk.

作者聚焦:使用 Elastase 模拟人动脉瘤的增强型小鼠 AAA 模型

This protocol describes a methodical surgical approach to modeling advanced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice by a combination of directly applying elastase to the infrarenal aorta and administering &#223;-aminopropionitrile through drinking water.

局部弹性蛋白酶和口服 β-氨基丙腈联合小鼠高级腹主动脉瘤建模

The topical elastase murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is enhanced when combined with &#223;-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-supplemented drinking ...