作者希望对西卡的支持表示感谢, 特别是他们为锚杆和增援部队提供的材料。Betazul 是特别承认他们的帮助与定制钻头和视频的准备。

1. 锚杆安装方法
注: 该方法包括孔边钻孔、清洗和平滑, 以及锚杆的浸渍和插入。
<ol><li>钻孔到所需的嵌入长度和指定直径。
	<ol>
<li>使用合适的钻孔工具 (也就是说, 电锤或金刚石芯)。对于混凝土结构, 钻削工具的选择标准与胶粘剂锚点相同, 可以在以前发布的工作10、11中找到。对于电锤, 最大速度为 800 rpm 的钻头。<ol>
<li>提供一个孔间隙 (即, 钻头与接头的直径之间的差额) 不少于4毫米。此外, 建议这种差异是8-10 毫米。这样可以简化孔的平滑, 并允许在钻头内弯曲锚杆。 注: 应注意的是, 商用纤维绳索的公称直径 (当浸渍) 范围从10到12毫米不等。在拍摄的协议中显示的锚是由纤维绳索, 公称直径为12毫米。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>控制埋入长度, 使孔光滑。长度控制是非常重要的, 因为锚固性能是非常长敏感的。被推荐的埋置长度从75到150毫米不等。
	<ol>
<li>要执行长度控制, 请在钻孔中插入刚性条, 并在插入测量带时比较条形的总长度和保持在孔外的长度。</li>
		<li>使用吹出的手泵, 一旦钻井完成, 执行第一除尘。按照泵制造商的指示进行操作。吹出不少于两次, 第一次除尘。</li>
		<li>用旋转的非撞击工具使孔光滑。有关自定义钻头的详细信息, 请参阅图 2 。一个钻头, 如建议可以很容易地适应大多数电动锤。工作时, 用清水将承印物连续冷藏。平滑是完整的, 当没有尖锐的边缘出现, 和上部的钻头接触混凝土表面。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>用吹刷循环的组合清洁孔, 因为它是达到最高粘结强度的关键。该清洗过程类似于玻璃钢尖峰和胶粘剂锚。建议至少执行两个清洗周期。有关清洗过程的其他建议, 请参阅现有准则10 , 并始终按照制造商的建议使用其他清洁工具。
	<ol>
<li>刷牙前后总是吹。因此, 每一个周期的机械刷牙涉及两个 blowings 和一个刷牙。</li>
		<li>从内部吹向孔的开口, 以清除钻孔内的松散颗粒。有两种方式吹。如果锚杆安装在干混凝土上, 可以用吹出的手泵进行吹气。如果安装在湿混凝土上, 必须用加压空气 (最大压力为10巴) 进行吹气。 注: 该协议已开发为干式支承, 虽然它可以适应潮湿的条件。值得注意的是, 平滑技术涉及保湿的基质。因此, 由此产生的湿度将取决于环境条件以及在孔的平滑和连接器插入之间的时间流逝。干式支承条件为相对湿度为5% 以下, 通常对应于几天的正常干燥条件。在现有混凝土结构的情况下, 当 24 h 在孔边缘的平滑和锚杆的插入之间经过时, 孔可以被认为是干的。潮湿条件是指近100% 相对湿度, 通常对应于海洋结构。</li>
		<li>用钢丝刷径向刷孔。画笔的直径必须等于或大于钻直径的20毫米。选择画笔的直径尽可能接近孔的大小, 以允许在孔截面周围产生相等的摩擦力。</li>
		<li>清洗后立即安装锚点。如果这是不可能的 (如果没有插入锚在1小时内从清洁), 执行一个额外的清洁周期, 然后插入锚。最后的清洗周期对于水平锚和基板上表面的孔尤其重要。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>准备并安装锚杆。这涉及三个不同的过程。
	<ol>
<li>将纤维束或绳子剪成所需长度。锚杆的长度必须等于嵌入长度 (或桩长) 加上锚杆风扇的长度。</li>
		<li>用软刷子将低粘度环氧底漆浸渍锚杆。根据制造商的情况, 始终尊重树脂的花盆寿命。每锚需要大约150克的树脂。浸渍需要部分扇出纤维束, 以最大限度地渗透树脂。<ol>
<li>总是向连接器的末端注入, 以避免弯曲纤维。按住折弯区域, 防止某些纤维从束丛中滑出, 并防止在这个步骤中自由端被扇出。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>浸渍后立即用电缆栓固定浸渍端。然后, 插入锚钉。协助插入电线, 推动电缆领带, 以确保纤维实际达到所需的嵌入长度。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>将钢筋连接到锚点, 以确保连接器的传输机制正确。这项议定书已经制定, 并进一步解释了多用外部粘结 FRP 加固的最终锚固。有关进程的图形说明, 请参见图 3 。
	<ol>
<li>在插入锚点前 (但始终在孔的准备和清理之后) 应用钢筋的第一层, 如图 3所示。或者, 使用比粘附在锚风扇上的第一层短, 以允许在应用第一层钢筋之前插入锚杆。</li>
		<li>当预期出现端板脱粘 (或分层) 时, 提供末端锚固。对于外部钢筋的湿式应用, 总是根据当前的标准或准则 (12,13) 准备基板的表面。 注: 锚杆风机应完全粘结在钢筋上, 因为这种粘结将累积应力传递机制。在 FRP 加固的情况下, 由多层和端锚固, 建议在两层之间的锚机安装。这样就无需用锚杆刺穿层压板, 避免损坏钢筋。迄今为止, 文献中没有确定最小风扇长度。作者建议使用不少于50毫米的风扇长度。</li>
		<li>将环氧树脂应用于外玻璃钢加固和锚杆风机。该树脂可应用于滚筒或刷子。用相同的树脂将外部 FRP 加固物与基体和锚杆风扇粘结在外部钢筋上。根据制造商的情况, 始终考虑树脂的花盆寿命。<ol>
<li>通过使用气泡辊, 防止在钢筋层间出现空隙 (包括锚杆风扇), 使其在浸渍后能释放空气。 注: 为发展协议, 使用了一个树脂以90分钟在20°c。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>2. 带钉锚的设计
注: 设计方法在这里解释为风扇锚, 但相似的规程可以跟随为不同的锚固设备。该方法包括锚杆承载力、粘结强度和锚杆对加筋构件整体强度的评价。
<ol><li>
评估锚杆的容量。这主要取决于锚杆是否受拉力或剪切力的影响。在最常见的桩角小于 180° (剪切应用) 的情况下, 定位角将限制连接器由于应力集中在弯曲区域的效能。按照上面介绍的安装方法控制弯曲强度。
	<ol>
<li>将锚杆的承载力表示为其抗拉强度的一小部分。锚杆的设计能力将是以下的最低限度: 混凝土锥强度, 粘结强度 (计算为在任何后安装的锚在混凝土的10), 弯曲强度和抗拉强度, 具有安全系数。这将导致锚点 () 的设计能力。在维拉纽瓦 Llauradó et 。14, 讨论了钉锚预期的所有失效模式的表达式。</li>
		<li>用一个表达式 (如 Kim 和 Smith15中的一个表示) 估计混凝土锥强度, 以防止混凝土锥断裂。混凝土锥强度只对极浅的锚杆非常重要, 一般情况下, 可忽略嵌段长度大于75毫米的锚杆。</li>
		<li>计算锚固桩的粘结强度。这可以使用从代码和设计指南安装后的锚点的一般表达式执行。根据这些表达式, 粘结强度取决于以下内容: 混凝土的抗拉强度、钻孔直径和嵌入长度15、16。在使用环氧树脂时, 采用从8到 15 MPa 不等的混凝土到树脂界面的平均剪切强度值。</li>
		<li>估计因弯曲而降低的强度。这主要取决于内部弯曲半径, 根据 JSCE8提供的表达式, 它已被广泛地应用于内 FRP 筋。然而, 建议对孤立锚杆进行互补测试, 以评估给定几何构型中连接器的实际强度。这项测试应进行剪切试验, 并与安装的锚, 按照本文提出的程序。</li>
		<li>计算了锚杆的抗拉强度和纤维在连接件截面上的纤维含量和拉伸强度。对于纤维绳索, 制造商一般指定浸渍连接器的抗拉强度, 这可以采用一个足够的还原系数 (从1.25 到 1.5) 的设计。对于手工制作的锚杆纤维束, 应按照 ASTM 标准17进行平票测试。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>从国际代码或分析模型 (如引用18、19) 中提供的任何表达式计算立式增强剂的粘结强度。另外, 还可以对粘结的立式试样进行单次或双剪试验。必须在进一步计算中使用键强度 (Pdb、d) 的设计值。</li>
	<li>估计整体强度的结果, 结合强度的加固加锚的能力, 为增援与一个锚。根据现有数据, 当锚扇完全覆盖 FRP 的宽度时, 可以接受这个假说, 这与作者比较粘结和无粘结锚固试样的性能的结果相一致20, 21。用以下方程式计算锚杆锚固 FRP 的设计强度: 
	   Pd = pdb, d + p非国大, d (1)</li>
	<li>对于多个锚点, 确定锚杆的效率和贡献作为锚的安排的功能 (层数和行, 锚间距)。请测试所需的安排, 以评估由于多个锚点而降低效率, 并表示锚定接头 (Pd) 的设计强度, 如下所示: 
	  Pd = pdb, d + y ' · n · P非国大, d (2) 根据项目的每个特定安排, 从测试中获取系数y ' , 给定钉锚的数目, 如引用20、23中所述。作为测试的替代方法, 请考虑在相同发布20、23中从这些测试中报告的方法中所建议的效率y ' 。</li>
</ol>

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作者没有什么可透露的。

提出了一种用于 FRP 钉锚杆安装与设计的分步协议。据作者所知, 在安装参数和工艺对锚固能力的影响方面, 没有制定关于钉锚的详细协议。
所提出的平滑钻头对钉锚杆的性能有很有利的作用, 通过降低应力集中度, 证明了其在减小孤立锚杆试验散射方面的有效性。这与安装质量控制的提高有关。此外, 在建议的安装协议之后执行的锚点的低分散允许降低标准偏差, 从而有助于可...

FRP 锚提供了一种有希望的方式来增强外部粘合 FRPs 应用于现有结构的性能, 因为它们可以延迟甚至防止剥离失败1,2。然而, 对于设计者来说, 一个主要的问题是由于弯曲区域的应力集中导致了在剪切中锚杆的过早失效。安装质量和间隙孔的准备对于限制这种过早失效的应力集中至关重要。
本文论述了一种安装方法, 旨在减少应力集中的影响, 为钻孔的制备和锚杆的安装提供适当的质量控制。该方法涉及四部分: 钻孔和清洗孔, 平滑的孔边缘与定制钻头, 以避免不规则的应力分布在弯曲区域内, 安装锚本身, 包括浸渍锚栓和它的插入, 并且锚的黏附力到加强。
从以前发布的研究3,4,5,6,7, 它可以得出结论, 钉锚与弯曲的区域 (也就是说, 在自由端之间的某一角度和嵌入区域), 受应力集中, 容易引发过早失败。由于原始成员的几何形状, 因此不能始终避免这种情况。在许多情况下, 90°的销角是广泛使用的, 虽然它普遍认为, 135°的桩角允许减少应力集中, 并导致更好的性能的钉锚。使用90°定位角的主要原因是, 它们在任何方向上的执行和控制都更简单, 并降低了满足内部增援的可能性。
图 1显示了一个典型的钉锚, 其中最常见的定位角。与90°定位角安装的钉锚, 不过, 可以显示一个相对良好的性能, 如果适当控制的应力集中。极限应力集中通常涉及设计具有较大内弯曲半径的锚杆, 因为内部弯曲半径已被发现在光纤扭结8,9中发挥主要作用。在这个意义上, 作者如奥登等人3建议使用锚直径四倍的弯曲半径。这项建议导致不实际的弯曲半径, 即使对小的锚直径, 因为增加弯曲半径涉及减少实际嵌入长度的给定孔深度。
作者认为, 大弯曲半径的建议与控制实际内弯曲半径的难度有关, 从几何角度看, 当用手进行平滑处理时。因此设计了自定义钻头, 使安装易于质量控制, 并确保在设计中考虑弯曲半径。
本文考虑了两个不同的过程。第一个是与连接器 (锚, 特别是在扇出自由端之前) 的安装程序有关, 而第二个则包括建议的钉锚设计方法和验证需求。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Concrete</td><td></td><td></td><td>The concrete for support has a dosage made by the authors, and a strength class no lower than C40</td></tr><tr><td>SikaWrap anchor C</td><td>SIKA</td><td></td><td>This material has been used for the FRP spike anchors. SikaWrap Anchor C is a unidirectional, carbon fiber rope, sheathed in an elastic gauze. The gauze can be cut onsite to create a fan end that anchors CFRP fabrics and plates used in the structural strengthening of masonry and concrete.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Sikadur 330</td><td>SIKA</td><td></td><td>Impregnating resin, apt for manual saturation methods. The product was used for impregnating the anchor dowel before insertion</td></tr><tr><td>Sikadur 30</td><td>SIKA</td><td></td><td>Thixotropic, two part epoxy resin applied by spatula and therefore suitable for virtually any application, including overhead</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bit</td><td>Betazul</td><td></td><td>Drill bit employed to smooth the holes that was designed by the authors and developed by Betazul SA</td></tr><tr><td>Hammer drill</td><td>Hilti</td><td></td><td>Tool for the execution of anchor holes on masonry and concrete, for different drilling ranges</td></tr><tr><td>Wire brush</td><td>Hilti</td><td>Hit series</td><td>For the proper brushing of drilled holes of varying diameters and embedment depths</td></tr><tr><td>Blow-out pump</td><td>Hilti</td><td>Hit series</td><td>Manual blow-out pump&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>SikaWrap-230 C</td><td>SIKA</td><td></td><td>Unidirectional woven carbon fiber fabric for dry application process</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminium Bubble Roller</td><td>Fibre glast</td><td></td><td>For laminations where increased pressure is necessary to release air bubbles. They are straight across the width of the head and provide excellent air relief for nearly all applications.</td></tr><tr><td>Brush</td><td></td><td></td><td>For impregnation of FRP bundle and sheet</td></tr><tr><td>600 kN testing machine</td><td>Proeti</td><td>DI-CP/S</td><td>This is used for the shear test of anchors, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed insertion method</td></tr><tr><td>Cable ties</td><td></td><td></td><td>Cable ties are needed to fasten the end of the anchor dowel in order to prevent fanning out of the fibers during insertion</td></tr><tr><td>Measuring tape</td><td></td><td></td><td>The measuring tape is necessary to control the embedment length as well as the diameter of the drill bit and hole clearance</td></tr><tr><td>Steel wire</td><td></td><td></td><td>Required to assist insertion</td></tr><tr><td>Rigid (steel) bar</td><td></td><td></td><td>A rigid bar of any material (in this case, it was made with a steel bar) is needed to control the embedment length</td></tr></tbody></table>

installation method to enhance quality control for fiber reinforced polymer spike anchors

纤维增强聚合物 (FRP) 锚杆是提高外部粘结 FRPs 在现有结构中的性能的一种有希望的方法, 因为它们可以延缓甚至防止脱粘失效。然而, 设计者所面临的一个主要问题是由于应力集中导致锚杆过早失效。安装质量差和间隙孔的准备会导致应力集中, 从而引发过早的故障。本文论述了一种安装方法, 旨在减少应力集中的影响, 为钻孔的制备提供适当的质量控制。该方法涉及三部分: 钻孔和清洗的孔, 平滑的孔边缘与定制钻头, 并安装锚本身, 包括浸渍的锚钉和其插入。锚杆风扇 (峰值的自由长度) 然后粘结到外部 FRP 加固。对于末端锚固, 并且在多层层增援的情况下, 建议将锚杆风扇插入两层之间以协助应力传递机制。
根据广泛的数据库, 所提出的程序辅以一种用于钉锚的设计方法。提出了设计中应遵循的几个步骤, 即: 选择锚径和后续抗拉强度的连接器 (即在扇出自由端前的锚杆), 评价降低抗拉强度的原因弯曲, 提供足够的嵌入, 以防止滑移失败, 并考虑到锚的数量和间距的一个给定的加固。在这个意义上, 应该指出, 需要进一步的研究, 以获得一个普遍的表达, 为钉锚的贡献, 整体粘结强度的 FRP 加固。

对孤立连接器进行了测试, 以评估平滑方法的有效性。此外, 还比较了两种浸渍和插入连接器的方法。湿法涉及在插入前立即浸渍锚栓, 如提交的协议。硬化 (或预浸渍) 方法包括预先浸渍的锚的嵌入区域, 至少24小时前插入。
在所提出的方法下进行的试验中, 与相同埋入长度和孔径的非光滑试样相比, 平均增加了27兆帕。值得注意...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors at JoVE.com

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

本文介绍了一种控制钢钉锚杆安装质量的方法, 旨在延缓外部粘结纤维增强聚合物的脱层。该协议包括钻孔的准备和插入过程。讨论了影响锚杆效率的最重要参数。

提高纤维增强聚合物穗锚质量控制的安装方法

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they ...

installation-method-to-enhance-quality-control-for-fiber-reinforced

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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Education

JoVE Journal

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Civil Engineering

Engineering

Unit 1

Horizontal and Vertical Curves

Fresh Concrete

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

7.0K 次观看.  Technical University of Madrid. 本文介绍了一种控制钢钉锚杆安装质量的方法, 旨在延缓外部粘结纤维增强聚合物的脱层。该协议包括钻孔的准备和插入过程。讨论了影响锚杆效率的最重要参数。

视频: Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material fabrication techniques are able to mimic the complexity of these structures while maintaining scalability. The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is able to do so. This process uses sacrificial fibers as a template to form hollow, cylindrical microchannels embedded within a matrix. Tin (II) oxalate (SnOx) is embedded within poly(lactic) acid (PLA) fibers which facilitates the use of this process. The SnOx catalyzes the depolymerization of the PLA fibers at lower temperatures. The lactic acid monomers are gaseous at these temperatures and can be removed from the embedded matrix at temperatures that do not damage the matrix. Here we show a method for aligning these fibers using micromachined plates and a tensioning device to create complex patterns of three-dimensionally arrayed microchannels. The process allows the exploration of virtually any arrangement of fiber topologies and structures.

The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is used to fabricate microvascular structures. This procedure uses sacrificial poly(lactic) acid fibers to form hollow microchannels with precise 3D geometric positioning provided by laser micromachined guide plates.

制作三维微结构，用牺牲部分汽化过程

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material ...

科研

工程学

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

The durability of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites under service condition is a critical aspect to be addressed for their robust designs and condition-based maintenance. These materials are adopted in a wide range of engineering applications, from aircraft and ship structures, to bridges, wind turbine blades, biomaterials and biomedical implants. Polymers are viscoelastic materials, and their response may be highly nonlinear and thus make it challenging to predict and monitor their in-service performance. The laboratory-scale testing platform presented herein assists the investigation of the influence of concurrent mechanical loadings and environmental conditions on these materials. The platform was designed to be low-cost and user-friendly. Its chemically resistant materials make the platform adaptable to studies of chemical degradation due to in-service exposure to fluids. An example of experiment was conducted at RT on closed-cell polyurethane foam samples loaded with a weight corresponding to ~50% of their ultimate static and dry load. Results show that the testing apparatus is appropriate for these studies. Results also highlight the larger vulnerability of the polymer under concurrent loading, based on the higher mid-point displacements and lower residual failure loads. Recommendations are made for additional improvements to the testing apparatus.

The durability of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites in service is a critical aspect for their designs and condition-based maintenance. We present a novel low-cost laboratory testing platform for the investigation of the influence of concurrent mechanical and environmental loadings, and may help design more efficient yet safer composite structures.

一个测试平台为聚合物的耐久性研究，并在同期Hygrothermo机械刺激纤维增强聚合物复合材料

The durability of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites under service condition is a critical aspect to be addressed for their robust designs ...

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

Recent advances in material science have led to a substantial increase in the topographical complexity of implant surfaces, both on a micro- and a nano-scale. As such, traditional methods of describing implant surfaces -&#160;namely numerical determinants of surface roughness -&#160;are inadequate for predicting in vivo performance. Biomechanical testing provides an accurate and comparative platform to analyze the performance of biomaterial surfaces. An improved mechanical testing method to test the anchorage of bone to candidate implant surfaces is presented. The method is applicable to both early and later stages of healing and can be employed for any range of chemically or mechanically modified surfaces -&#160;but not smooth surfaces. Custom rectangular implants are placed bilaterally in the distal femora of male Wistar rats and collected with the surrounding bone. Test specimens are prepared and potted using a novel breakaway mold and the disruption test is conducted using a mechanical testing machine. This method allows for alignment of the disruption force exactly perpendicular, or parallel, to the plane of the implant surface, and provides an accurate and reproducible means for isolating an exact peri-implant region for testing.

An improved method to mechanically test bone anchorage to candidate implant surfaces is presented. This method allows for alignment of the disruption force exactly perpendicular, or parallel, to the plane of the implant surface, and provides an accurate means to direct the disruption forces to an exact peri-implant region.

一种改进的机械性能测试方法来评估骨种植体支抗

Recent advances in material science have led to a substantial increase in the topographical complexity of implant surfaces, both on a micro- and a ...

生物工程

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

The aim of this work is to present an approach, inspired by the way in which a compass needle maintains a consistent orientation under the action of the Earth&#39;s magnetic field, for manufacturing a cementitious composite reinforced with aligned steel fibers. Aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites (ASFRC) were prepared by applying a uniform electromagnetic field to fresh mortar containing short steel fibers, whereby the short steel fibers were driven to rotate in alignment with the magnetic field. The degree of alignment of steel fibers in hardened ASFRC was assessed both by counting steel fibers in fractured cross-sections and by X-ray computed tomography analysis. The results from the two methods show that the steel fibers in ASFRC were highly aligned while the steel fibers in non-magnetically treated composites were randomly distributed. The aligned steel fibers had a much higher reinforcing efficiency, and the composites, therefore, exhibited significantly enhanced flexural strength and toughness. The ASFRC is thus superior to SFRC in that it can withstand greater tensile stress and more effectively resist cracking.

This protocol describes an approach for manufacturing aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite by applying a uniform electromagnetic field. Aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite exhibits superior mechanical properties to ordinary fiber reinforced concrete.

定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备及其弯曲性能研究

The aim of this work is to present an approach, inspired by the way in which a compass needle maintains a consistent orientation under the action of the ...

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Tissue engineering has been explored as an alternative strategy for the treatment of critical-sized cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. Essential to the success of this approach is a scaffold that is able to conformally fit within an irregular defect while also having the requisite biodegradability, pore interconnectivity and bioactivity. By nature of their shape recovery and fixity properties, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds could achieve defect &#8220;self-fitting.&#8221; In this way, following exposure to warm saline (~60 &#186;C), the SMP scaffold would become malleable, permitting it to be hand-pressed into an irregular defect. Subsequent cooling (~37 &#186;C) would return the scaffold to its relatively rigid state within the defect. To meet these requirements, this protocol describes the preparation of SMP scaffolds prepared via the photochemical cure of biodegradable polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCL-DA) using a solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) method. A fused salt template is utilized to achieve pore interconnectivity. To realize bioactivity, a polydopamine coating is applied to the surface of the scaffold pore walls. Characterization of self-fitting and shape memory behaviors, pore interconnectivity and in vitro bioactivity are also described.

Scaffolds capable of fitting within cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) bone defects while exhibiting osteoconductivity and bioactivity are of interest. This protocol describes the preparation of a shape memory scaffold based on polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCL-DA) using a solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) method employing a fused salt template and application of a bioactive polydopamine coating.

生物活性，PCL为基础的"自我装配"形状记忆聚合物支架的制备

Tissue engineering has been explored as an alternative strategy for the treatment of critical-sized cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) bone defects. Essential to ...

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Over the recent years, functionally graded scaffolds (FGS) gaineda crucial role for manufacturing of devices for tissue engineering. The importance of this new field of biomaterials research is due to the necessity to develop implants capable of mimicking the complex functionality of the various tissues, including a continuous change from one structure or composition to another. In this latter context, one topic of main interest concerns the design of appropriate scaffolds for bone-cartilage interface tissue. In this study, three-layered scaffolds with graded pore size were achieved by melt mixing poly(lactic acid) (PLA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Pore size distributions were controlled by NaCl granulometry and PEG solvation. Scaffolds were characterized from a morphological and mechanical point of view. A correlation between the preparation method, the pore architecture and compressive mechanical behavior was found. The interface adhesion strength was quantitatively evaluated by using a custom-designed interfacial strength test. Furthermore, in order to imitate the human physiology, mechanical tests were also performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at 37 &#176;C. The method herein presented provides a high control of porosity, pore size distribution and mechanical performance, thus offering the possibility to fabricate three-layered scaffolds with tailored properties by following a simple and eco-friendly route.

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

In this work, poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol (PLA/PEG) scaffolds were prepared by using a combination of melt mixing and selective leaching. The method herein discussed permitted to develop three-layer scaffolds by highly controlling both porosity and pore size. The mechanical properties were also evaluated in a physiological environment.

的简便和环保路线制造聚乳酸支架与分级孔径

Over the recent years, functionally graded scaffolds (FGS) gaineda crucial role for manufacturing of devices for tissue engineering. The importance of ...

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, and translation of findings is often poor. Thus, there is ample opportunity for alternative experimental approaches. Here we present an approach in which human cells are isolated from human anterior cruciate ligament tissue remnants, expanded in culture, and used to form engineered ligaments. Exercise alters the biochemical milieu in the blood such that the function of many tissues, organs and bodily processes are improved. In this experiment, ligament construct culture media was supplemented with experimental human serum that has been &#39;conditioned&#39; by exercise. Thus the intervention is more biologically relevant since an experimental tissue is exposed to the full endogenous biochemical milieu, including binding proteins and adjunct compounds that may be altered in tandem with the activity of an unknown agent of interest. After treatment, engineered ligaments can be analyzed for mechanical function, collagen content, morphology, and cellular biochemistry. Overall, there are four major advantages versus traditional monolayer culture and animal models, of the physiological model of ligament tissue that is presented here. First, ligament constructs are three-dimensional, allowing for mechanical properties (i.e., function) such as ultimate tensile stress, maximal tensile load, and modulus, to be quantified. Second, the enthesis, the interface between boney and sinew elements, can be examined in detail and within functional context. Third, preparing media with post-exercise serum allows for the effects of the exercise-induced biochemical milieu, which is responsible for the wide range of health benefits of exercise, to be investigated in an unbiased manner. Finally, this experimental model advances scientific research in a humane and ethical manner by replacing the use of animals, a core mandate of the National Institutes of Health, the Center for Disease Control, and the Food and Drug Administration.

We present a model of ligament tissue in which three-dimensional constructs are treated with the human exercise-conditioned serum and analyzed for collagen content, function, and cellular biochemistry.

用运动调节血清治疗韧带结构:转化组织工程模型

In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, ...

纤维复合材料层压板的制造和机械性能评估

Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Composite Laminates Obtained by Different Fabrication Processes

The traditional wet hand lay-up process (WL) has been widely applied in the manufacturing of fiber composite laminates. However, due insufficiency in the forming pressure, the mass fraction of fiber is reduced and lots of air bubbles are trapped inside, resulting in low-quality laminates (low stiffness and strength). The wet hand lay-up/vacuum bag (WLVB) process for the fabrication of composite laminates is based on the traditional wet hand lay-up process, using a vacuum bag to remove air bubbles and provide pressure, and then carrying out the heating and curing process. 
Compared with the traditional hand lay-up process, laminates manufactured by the WLVB process show superior mechanical properties, including better strength and stiffness, higher fiber volume fraction, and lower void volume fraction, which are all benefits for composite laminates. This process is completely manual, and it is greatly influenced by the skills of the preparation personnel. Therefore, the products are prone to defects such as voids and uneven thickness, leading to unstable qualities and mechanical properties of the laminate. Hence, it is necessary to finely describe the WLVB process, finely control steps, and quantify material ratios, in order to ensure the mechanical properties of laminates. 
This paper describes the meticulous process of the WLVB process for preparing woven plain patterned glass fiber reinforcement composite laminates (GFRPs). The fiber volume content of laminates was calculated using the formula method, and the calculated results showed that the fiber volume content of WL laminates was 42.04%, while that of WLVB laminates was 57.82%, increasing by 15.78%. The mechanical properties of the laminates were characterized using tensile and impact tests. The experimental results revealed that with the WLVB process, the strength and modulus of the laminates were enhanced by 17.4% and 16.35%, respectively, and the specific absorbed energy was increased by 19.48%.

作者聚焦：使用湿法手糊/真空袋工艺提高纤维复合材料层压板质量 

This paper describes a fabrication process for fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite laminates obtained using the wet hand lay-up/vacuum bag method.

测量通过不同制造工艺获得的玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合层压板的机械性能

The traditional wet hand lay-up process (WL) has been widely applied in the manufacturing of fiber composite laminates. However, due insufficiency in the ...

提高纤维增强聚合物穗锚质量控制的安装方法

摘要

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此视频中的章节

制作三维微结构，用牺牲部分汽化过程

一个测试平台为聚合物的耐久性研究，并在同期Hygrothermo机械刺激纤维增强聚合物复合材料

一种改进的机械性能测试方法来评估骨种植体支抗

定向钢纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备及其弯曲性能研究

生物活性，PCL为基础的"自我装配"形状记忆聚合物支架的制备

的简便和环保路线制造聚乳酸支架与分级孔径

用运动调节血清治疗韧带结构:转化组织工程模型

测量通过不同制造工艺获得的玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合层压板的机械性能

测量通过不同制造工艺获得的玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合层压板的机械性能

测量通过不同制造工艺获得的玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合层压板的机械性能