Name: a repetitive concussive head injury model in mice
Uploaded: 2016-10-12T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 42 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice at JoVE.com

This works was supported by funding from a Florida Health grant (Brain and spinal cord injury research fund) (KKW).

根据协议＃201207692由佛罗里达大学的机构动物护理和使用委员会，并按照卫生指南实验动物的护理和使用国家认可的机构进行所有的程序。 1.动物护理<ol><li>使用3-4个月大的雄性C57BL / 6J小鼠。提供床上用品，排料，食品， 自由采食和饮水 。保持小鼠控制在20环境温度 - 22℃，恒定的12小时光照/ 12小时黑暗的周期。 </li></ol> 2.预嵌塞准备<ol><li>安装一个特制的硅橡胶涂层的金属尖的电磁影响立体设备。确保尖端的平底平行于探头尖端（ 图1A）的表面上。 </li><li>麻醉，用4％的异氟醚后2.5％异氟烷维持麻醉的小鼠。检查经由流量计的麻醉。 MonitoR中的麻醉水平，直至达到动物展示踏板撤回反射消失手术水平的麻醉。 </li><li>把鼠标在一个加热垫俯卧。使用一个漏斗形鼻锥保持鼠标麻醉下。使用微调完全剃光头。使用鼠标的眼睛凡士林眼药膏，以防止干燥时的麻醉下。 </li></ol> 3.影响参数设置注:冲击系统包括控制箱设置冲击参数，以执行嵌塞的致动器，并用3-运动轴的数字立体定位框架。 <ol><li>冲击装置的速度预先设定为4米/秒和停留时间，以在控制箱240毫秒。 </li></ol> 4.定位影响中心<ol><li>把动物的身下软加热垫，以保持身体的温度接近39℃。安装鼠标立体定位框架中PRON用钝头耳条E的位置。 </li><li>降低的影响，通过尖端移动Z驱动器靠近鼠标的头部。通过向目标坐标矢状缝上述中途移动所述X和Y驱动调整平面冲击尖端（9毫米直径的）。 </li><li>确保冲击尖端的一个边缘被垂直地平行于两个耳朵（ 图 1C）之间画的假想水平线。冲击的中心对应于interfrontal和人字缝之间的中心矢状缝中途（耳间9毫米到耳间0毫米，横向4.5毫米）。 </li></ol> 5.影响深度设定<ol><li>要正确设置的影响深度，使用额外的探头尖端更换绝缘硅橡胶涂层的影响一角。 </li><li>为了确保有切换提示后无冲击中心的转变，切换提示前，数字立体控制面板上的X和Y通道设置为零。 </li><li>移动概率E喷嘴的冲击区域的中心手动移动X和Y驱动器。 </li><li>夹子接触式传感器鼠标的尾巴。 </li><li>移动至冲击（Z驱动），直到探针尖端接触的冲击部位的表面上。 </li><li>立体定位控制面板上的Z通道设置为零。 </li><li>通过手动调节X轴和Y驱动器（未在数字立体控制面板上的零的按钮），直到X和Y驱动移动至冲击尖端回到冲击面积是零（其中冲击尖端先前定位）。 </li><li>由控制箱移动收缩开关缩回致动器。手动4 mm将撞击向下（Z驱动器）。 </li></ol> 6.影响<ol><li>通过点击在控制箱的冲击开关触发的影响，并实现4mm的变形深度。 </li></ol> 7.后嵌塞<ol><li>直到使用定时器鼠标的第一次呼吸测量从影响的时间。 </li><li&gt;从仪器上取下动物，并将其放置在一个温暖的垫来维持自己的体温。不要离开无人看管的动物，直到它已经恢复了足够的意识，以保持胸骨斜卧。 </li><li>返回动物放回一个干净的笼子前，允许进行恢复。不要动物重返公司其他动物，直到完全康复。 </li><li>观察并每天称重小鼠。如果小鼠显示疼痛的迹象，腹膜内以1美洛昔康注射他们 - 2毫克/公斤，每12 - 24小时。 </li></ol> 8.重复嵌塞<ol><li>给老鼠额外伤害7日4，和10最初的损伤（影响之间72小时间隔）之后。 </li></ol> 9.免疫组织化学（IHC） <ol><li> 穿心灌注 <ol><li>麻醉经由腹膜内注射的小鼠的200米/公斤戊巴比妥。 </li><li>评估并通过脚趾捏保证手术面麻醉。二段URE在仰卧位鼠标的前爪和后爪轻轻的录音，以聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料工作表面化学通风柜内。 </li><li>通过沿着刚刚剑突至锁骨下胸腔中线的皮肤做一个切口。使两个附加的皮肤切口在剑突和沿腹胸腔横向的底部进行。 </li><li>打开胸腔，并通过胸部肌肉和胸腔切割暴露心脏。 </li><li>固定跳动的心脏钝钳，并进行1 - 左心室2毫米切口。 </li><li>立即插入一个蝴蝶针入右心房。通过推动注射器缓慢开始20毫升盐水的输注。 </li><li>从切换到生理盐水4％多聚甲醛。继续与多聚甲醛20ml的灌注。 </li><li>斩首鼠标并用剪刀去除皮肤。使用骨刀头骨隔离大脑。 </li></ol></li><li> Cryostat切片<ol><li>在最佳切削温度（OCT）制定和冻结嵌入脑组织在-80℃。放置在低温恒温器的大脑矢状方向。切脑切片5微米厚。 </li></ol></li><li> 染色 <ol><li>干燥在常温下的冷冻切片1小时。 </li><li>用100μl2％山羊血清和0.1％的Triton X-100的磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS），在室温1小时孵育的幻灯片。 </li><li>用300微升PBS洗幻灯片的3倍。在4℃下:（200 1）分别过夜:然后孵育用抗GFAP（1 200）的幻灯片或抗铁蛋白抗体。 </li><li>用300微升PBS洗幻灯片的3倍。然后孵育载玻片在室温下与生物素缀合的二级抗体2小时。 </li><li>用300微升PBS洗幻灯片的3倍。然后孵育与抗生物素蛋白 - 生物素复合物（ABC）溶液（1:50）在室温下30分钟的幻灯片。 </li><li>用300微升PBS洗幻灯片的3倍。 8分钟-然后在3,3&#39;-二氨基联苯胺为5（DAB）底物溶液（50毫升的PBS，10微升的 H 2 O 2，10毫克的DAB丸，在使用前过滤器）孵育。观察载玻片，在显微镜下，直到阳性细胞出现。 </li><li>冲洗在缓慢的流动自来水将载玻片5分钟。干净的玻片用实验室擦拭。然后装入带安装介质和盖玻片的章节。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have no financial interest to disclose.

模仿脑损伤形态相似的临床病症，预期脑震荡后症状。脑震荡的症状后一般包括头痛，头晕，眼花，乏力，记忆力和睡眠障碍，注意力无法集中以及焦虑，情绪低落。由于躯体症状可能还不是在动物模型衡量，运动和认知功能和情感行为的变化作为标准，在动物模型中合理评估脑震荡。在先前的报道的研究中，它表明，在rCHI小鼠模型诱导缺陷在空间学习，记忆和焦虑8。更重要的是，在此...

脑震荡，也被称为轻度颅脑损伤（MTBI），是创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的最频繁发生，影响数百万人在美国。震荡可能会非常棘手的诊断并没有为脑震荡没有具体的治疗。有越来越多的认可和一些证据表明，运动损伤，军事打击，以及其他物理引人入胜的追求导致轻微的机械性损伤可能有累积性，慢性神经后果1,2。然而，仍然有关于脑震荡及其影响的认识不足。现行方法限制病理和治疗的人类研究的，因为只有神经评估和成像评估可用于临床诊断。动物模型提供了学习的脑震荡与进一步的诊断和治疗MTBI的希望高效，严谨，可控的方式的一种手段。 有研究适应传统的TBI车型如控制皮质影响（CCI），液压冲击影响（FPI），体重下降损伤，爆炸伤执行MTBI通过改变参数的伤害低刺激伤害的严重性。这些模型，由于其复制脑外伤形态上类似于临床状况的能力是有益的使用;不过，他们也有自己的局限性。由加速度损伤（重量滴）诱导损伤的严重程度常常是高度可变的。轻度CCI的两种结果 - 蛛网膜下腔出血和挫伤焦点 - 不典型的脑震荡的人可比的。 CCI和FPI需要开颅手术，这不是临床相关，而爆伤是曝光3-6期间关于不同的曝光位置和峰值压力测量一个比较有争议的模型，以及可变继发性损伤。一个更新的震荡动物模型可以转化临床前研究的临床settiNG是必要的研究。 在模拟轻度TBI的关键问题是确定实验损伤严重，其中最密切复制在临床受伤。最近，不同的研究小组开发出闭合性颅脑损伤或震荡头部损伤（CHI）模型7-10。 CHI是CCI的不开颅的修改，但它依然采用的是传统的电子磁场影响系统产生头部撞击。阴气可以通过调节参数的影响引起了脑震荡，从轻度到中度。意识（LOC）的损失可立即通过检测呼吸速率或呼吸的瞬时终止的降低的冲击之后观察到。 LOC的期间被用于确定损伤的严重程度。本文包括小鼠重复CHI（rCHI）模型略有改善和更新版本，以及一个详细的一步一步的协议和代表的搜索结果。该rCHI模型研究战略重新确定MTBI效应和潜在的治疗有益的，特别是因为有能够模仿所有的脑震荡引起的病理变化没有个体动物模型。

<table><tbody><tr><td>anesthesia machine</td><td>Eagle Eye Anesthesia, Inc</td><td>Model 150&amp;nbsp;</td><td>anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Electromagnetic Impactor</td><td>LeicaBiosystems</td><td>Impact One Stereotaxic Impactor</td><td>perform impaction</td></tr><tr><td>Digital Stereotaxic instrument</td><td>LeicaBiosystems</td><td>39462501</td><td>mount mouse and positioning tips</td></tr><tr><td>Sicilone rubber-coated metal tip</td><td>Precision Tool &amp;amp; Engineering, Gainesvill FL</td><td>custom-made</td><td>impact tip</td></tr><tr><td>Lithium Ion All-in-One Trimmer</td><td>WAHL Home Products</td><td>9854-600</td><td>shave mouse hair</td></tr><tr><td>paper clips</td><td>custom-made</td><td></td><td>probe tip</td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicators</td><td>MEDLINE</td><td>MDS202055</td><td>scrub head with saline</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Tek O.C.T.</td><td>ASKURA FINETEK USA INC</td><td>4583</td><td>tissue embedding</td></tr><tr><td>anti-GFAP</td><td>Dako</td><td>CA93013</td><td>antibody for IHC</td></tr><tr><td>anti Ferritin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F6136</td><td>antibody for IHC</td></tr><tr><td>VECTASTAIN Elite ABC&amp;nbsp; kit</td><td>Vector laboratories</td><td>PK-6100</td><td>IHC detection system</td></tr><tr><td>Permount Mounting Medium</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SP15-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aperio XT ScanScope scanner</td><td>Leica Microsystems Inc,</td><td></td><td>slides scanning</td></tr><tr><td>Leica AutoStainer XL</td><td>Leica the pathology Company</td><td>ST2010</td><td>H&amp;amp;E staining</td></tr><tr><td>DAB&amp;nbsp;</td><td>sigma</td><td>D3939</td><td>IHC detection system</td></tr></tbody></table>

a repetitive concussive head injury model in mice

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the injury and its effects. To develop a better understanding of concussions, animals are often used because they provide a controlled, rigorous, and efficient model. Studies have adapted traditional animal models to perform mTBI to stimulate mild injury severity by changing the injury parameters. These models have been used because they can produce morphologically similar brain injuries to the clinical condition and provide a spectrum of injury severities. However, they are limited in their ability to present the identical features of injuries in patients. Using a traditional impact system, a repetitive concussive injury (rCHI) model can induce mild to moderate human-like concussion. The injury degree can be determined by measuring the period of loss of consciousness (LOC) with a sign of a transient termination of breathing. The rCHI model is beneficial to use for its accuracy and simplicity in determining mTBI effects and potential treatments.

在这个模型中（ 图1 AC），有喘息和呼吸浅的短暂。意识（无意识）的损耗被定义为呼吸率或恢复正常的呼吸呼吸之前短暂终止下降。在头部的中心的冲击造成的短期无意识（7.5±4.7，7.8±5.5，10.2±8.8，在每个冲击9.5±8.0秒分开， 图1D）。小鼠的大脑表现出通过H＆E染色的组织学，这表明来自冲击（ 图2A）产生没有明显的结构损害或组织...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice at JoVE.com

A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

重复震荡颅脑损伤模型小鼠

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of ...

a-repetitive-concussive-head-injury-model-in-mice

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.9K 次观看.  University of Florida. Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

视频: A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. 
The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn&#x2019;t require expert microsurgical skills.
The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. 
As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.

The Spared Nerve Injury SNI Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury animal model is described here as a mouse model of peripheral neuropathic pain following partial denervation of the sciatic nerve by lesioning the tibial and common peroneal nerve branches, leaving the remaining sural nerve intact. Behavioral modification resulting from mechanical allodynia is quantified by von Frey filaments.

幸免神经损伤（SNI）模型引起的机械触感小鼠

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared ...

科研

医学

Controlled Cervical Laceration Injury in Mice

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders such as a spinal cord injury (SCI). Freehand manual control used to produce a laceration model of SCI creates inconsistent injuries often associated with a crush or contusion component and, therefore, a novel technique was developed. Our model of cervical laceration SCI has resolved inherent difficulties with the freehand method by incorporating 1) cervical vertebral stabilization by vertebral facet fixation, 2) enhanced spinal cord exposure, and 3) creation of a reproducible laceration of the spinal cord using an oscillating blade with an accuracy of &plusmn;0.01 mm in depth without associated contusion. Compared to the standard methods of creating a SCI laceration such as freehand use of a scalpel or scissors, our method has produced a consistent lesion. This method is useful for studies on axonal regeneration of corticospinal, rubrospinal, and dorsal ascending tracts.

A novel technique to create a reproducible in vivo model of cervical spinal cord laceration injury in the mouse is described. This technique is based on spine stabilization by fixation of the cervical facets and laceration of the spinal cord using an oscillating blade with an accuracy of &plusmn;0.01 mm.

控制宫颈裂伤损伤小鼠

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our  understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders  such as a spinal cord ...

A Novel Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Juvenile Rats

Despite growing evidence that childhood represents a major risk period for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from sports-related concussions, motor vehicle accidents, and falls, a reliable animal model of mTBI had previously not been developed for this important aspect of development. The modified weight-drop technique employs a glancing impact to the head of a freely moving rodent transmitting acceleration, deceleration, and rotational forces upon the brain. When applied to juvenile rats, this modified weight-drop technique induced clinically relevant behavioural outcomes that were representative of post-concussion symptomology. The technique is a rapidly applied procedure with an extremely low mortality rate, rendering it ideal for high-throughput studies of therapeutics. In addition, because the procedure involves a mild injury to a closed head, it can easily be used for studies of repetitive brain injury. Owing to the simplistic nature of this technique, and the clinically relevant biomechanics of the injury pathophysiology, the modified weight-drop technique provides researchers with a reliable model of mTBI that can be used in a wide variety of behavioural, molecular, and genetic studies.

The modified weight-drop technique is an easy, cost-effective procedure used for the induction of mild traumatic brain injury in juvenile rats. This novel technique produces clinically relevant symptomology that will advance the study of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and concussion.

轻度脑外伤的幼年大鼠一种新模式

Despite growing evidence that childhood represents a major risk period for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from sports-related concussions, motor ...

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal neurological deficits and even amnesia. Athletes participating in contact sports are at high risk of exposure to large number of mTBIs. In terms of the level of injury in a sporting athlete, a mTBI is defined as a mild injury that does not cause gross pathological changes, but does cause short-term neurological deficits that are spontaneously resolved. Despite previous attempts to model mTBI in mice and rats, many have reported gross adverse effects including skull fractures, intracerebral bleeding, axonal injury and neuronal cell death. Herein, we describe our highly reproducible animal model of mTBI that reproduces clinically relevant symptoms. This model uses a custom made pneumatic impactor device to deliver a closed-head trauma. This impact is made under precise velocity and deformation parameters, creating a reliable and reproducible model to examine the mechanisms that contribute to effects of single or repetitive concussive mTBI.

Athletes absorb several hundred mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)/concussions every year; however, the consequence of these on the brain is poorly understood. Therefore, an animal model of single and repetitive mTBI that consistently replicates clinically relevant symptoms provides the means to advance the study of mTBI and concussion.

单一和重复轻度创伤性脑损伤的小鼠模型

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal ...

A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis

Persistent cognitive and motor symptoms are known consequences of concussions/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBIs) that can be partly attributable to altered neurotransmission. Indeed, cerebral microdialysis studies in rodents have demonstrated an excessive extracellular glutamate release in the hippocampus within the first 10 min following trauma. Microdialysis offers the clear advantage of in vivo neurotransmitter continuous sampling while not having to sacrifice the animal. In addition to the aforementioned technique, a closed head injury model that exerts rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and torso is needed, as such a factor is not available in many other animal models. The Wayne State weight-drop model mimics this essential component of human craniocerebral trauma, allowing the induction of an impact on the head of an unrestrained rodent with a falling weight. Our novel and translational rat model combines cerebral microdialysis with the Wayne State weight-drop model to study, in lightly anesthetized and unrestrained adult rats, the acute changes in extracellular neurotransmitter levels following concussion. In this protocol, the microdialysis probe was inserted inside the hippocampus as region of interest, and was left inserted in the brain at impact. There is a high density of terminals and receptors in the hippocampus, making it a relevant region to document altered neurotransmission following concussion. When applied to adult Sprague-Dawley rats, our combined model induced increases in hippocampal extracellular glutamate concentrations within the first 10 min, consistent with the previously reported post-concussion symptomology. This combined weight-drop model provides a reliable tool for researchers to study early therapeutic responses to concussions in addition to repetitive brain injury, since this protocol induces a closed-head mild trauma.

Neurotransmitter alteration is a mechanism of neural dysfunction that occurs after concussion and contributes to the sometimes-catastrophic long-term consequences. This rat model combines microdialysis, allowing in vivo neurotransmitter quantification, with a weight-drop technique exerting rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and torso, an important factor of human craniocerebral trauma.

脑震荡结合力与旋转与Vivo脑微透析的新型和转化大鼠模型

Persistent cognitive and motor symptoms are known consequences of concussions/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBIs) that can be partly attributable to ...

神经科学

Low-intensity Blast Wave Model for Preclinical Assessment of Closed-head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of medical visits in the United States. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments available for TBI. The increased incidence of military-related, blast-induced TBI further accentuates the urgent need for effective TBI treatments. Therefore, new preclinical TBI animal models that recapitulate aspects of human blast-related TBI will greatly advance the research efforts into the neurobiological and pathophysiological processes underlying mild to moderate TBI as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
Here we present a reliable, reproducible model for the investigation of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral effects of mild to moderate blast-induced TBI. We describe a step-by-step protocol for closed-head, blast-induced mild TBI in rodents using a bench-top setup consisting of a gas-driven shock tube equipped with piezoelectric pressure sensors to ensure consistent test conditions. The benefits of the setup that we have established are its relative low-cost, ease of installation, ease of use and high-throughput capacity. Further advantages of this non-invasive TBI model include the scalability of the blast peak overpressure and the generation of controlled reproducible outcomes. The reproducibility and relevance of this TBI model has been evaluated in a number of downstream applications, including neurobiological, neuropathological, neurophysiological and behavioral analyses, supporting the use of this model for the characterization of processes underlying the etiology of mild to moderate TBI.

We present here a protocol of a blast wave model for rodents to investigate neurobiological and pathophysiological effects of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. We established a gas-driven, bench-top setup equipped with pressure sensors allowing for reliable and reproducible generation of blast-induced mild to moderate traumatic brain injury.

低强度冲击波模型用于啮齿动物闭头轻度创伤性脑损伤的临床前评估

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of ...

Electromagnetic Controlled Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and understanding the mechanisms of how a TBI alters brain function. The availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to model the different aspects and severities of TBI seen in people. This manuscript describes the use of a midline closed head injury (CHI) to develop a mouse model of mild TBI. The model is considered mild because it does not produce structural brain lesions based on neuroimaging or gross neuronal loss. However, a single impact creates enough pathology that cognitive impairment is measurable at least 1 month after injury. A step-by-step protocol to induce a CHI in mice using a stereotaxically guided electromagnetic impactor is defined in the paper. The benefits of the mild midline CHI model include the reproducibility of the injury-induced changes with low mortality. The model has been temporally characterized up to 1 year after the injury for neuroimaging, neurochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral changes. The model is complementary to open skull models of controlled cortical impact using the same impactor device. Thus, labs can model both mild diffuse TBI and focal moderate-to-severe TBI with the same impactor.

The protocol describes mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model. In particular, a step-by-step protocol to induce a mild midline closed head injury and the characterization of the animal model is fully explained.

小鼠轻度创伤性脑损伤的电磁控制闭头模型

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and ...

通过闭合头部损伤法在小鼠中诱导 rmTBI

Modified Mouse Model of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Incorporating Thinned-Skull Window and Fluid Percussion

Mild traumatic brain injury is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder. Highly reproducible traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal models with well-defined pathologies are urgently needed for studying the mechanisms of neuropathology after mild TBI and testing therapeutics. Replicating the entire sequelae of TBI in animal models has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, the availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to account for the diverse aspects and severities seen in TBI patients. CHI is one of the most common methods for fabricating rodent models of rmTBI. However, this method is susceptible to many factors, including the impact method used, the thickness and shape of the skull bone, animal apnea, and the type of head support and immobilization utilized. The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate a combination of the thinned-skull window and fluid percussion injury (FPI) methods to produce a precise mouse model of CHI-associated rmTBI. The primary objective of this protocol is to minimize factors that could impact the accuracy and consistency of CHI and FPI modeling, including skull bone thickness, shape, and head support. By utilizing a thinned-skull window method, potential inflammation due to craniotomy and FPI is minimized, resulting in an improved mouse model that replicates the clinical features observed in patients with mild TBI. Results from behavior and histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining suggest that rmTBI can lead to a cumulative injury that produces changes in both behavior and gross morphology of the brain. Overall, the modified CHI-associated rmTBI presents a useful tool for researchers to explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to focal and diffuse pathophysiological changes in rmTBI.

作者聚焦：优化啮齿动物模型以研究反复轻度创伤性脑损伤的机制和康复

This protocol presents a modified mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) induced via a closed-head injury (CHI) method. The approach features a thinned-skull window and fluid percussion to reduce the inflammation commonly caused by meninges exposure, along with improved reproducibility and accuracy in modeling rmTBI in rodents.

结合颅骨窗变薄和液体叩击的重复性轻度创伤性脑损伤改良小鼠模型

Mild traumatic brain injury is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder. Highly reproducible traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal models ...

重复震荡颅脑损伤模型小鼠

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此视频中的章节

幸免神经损伤（SNI）模型引起的机械触感小鼠

控制宫颈裂伤损伤小鼠

轻度脑外伤的幼年大鼠一种新模式

单一和重复轻度创伤性脑损伤的小鼠模型

脑震荡结合力与旋转与Vivo脑微透析的新型和转化大鼠模型

低强度冲击波模型用于啮齿动物闭头轻度创伤性脑损伤的临床前评估

小鼠轻度创伤性脑损伤的电磁控制闭头模型

结合颅骨窗变薄和液体叩击的重复性轻度创伤性脑损伤改良小鼠模型

结合颅骨窗变薄和液体叩击的重复性轻度创伤性脑损伤改良小鼠模型

结合颅骨窗变薄和液体叩击的重复性轻度创伤性脑损伤改良小鼠模型