Name: using polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated metal nanoparticles as monomers for their homo- and co-polymerization
Uploaded: 2015-07-09T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 2 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization at JoVE.com

The authors thank the NRF (CRP-4-2008-06), A*Star (SERC 112-120-2011) and MOE (RG14/13) Singapore for financial supports.

注意:请咨询相关的所有材料安全数据表（MSDS）。在这些合成中使用的一些化学物质腐蚀，有毒和致癌可能。相比，其大宗同行纳米材料可能有无法识别的危害。表演时的反应，包括使用通风橱和个人防护装备（护目镜，手套，实验室外套，全长长裤，闭趾鞋等 ），请使用适当的安全做法。 1.合成金属纳米粒子的注意:在合成中使用的所有玻璃器皿都用王水 （注意:高度酸性和腐蚀性，处理谨慎和处置以下规定），彻底清洗，然后在60℃烘箱中干燥。金属杂质或残余物可能会导致过早的成核和纳米颗粒合成的失败。 <ol><li> 16和32纳米的金纳米粒子合成（金纳米粒子） <ol><li>溶于10毫克hydroge的Ñ ​​四氯（Ⅲ）水合物（氯金酸4∙3H 2 O）的入100ml的去离子（DI）水的圆底烧瓶装有冷凝器和搅拌棒。 </li><li>在搅拌时，加热溶液至回流（沸点，100℃）。的氯金酸4的黄色保持不变。 </li><li>通过将30毫克的柠檬酸钠于3ml去离子水制得1％的柠檬酸钠溶液。 </li><li>合成16nm的纳米金，注资30毫升1％柠檬酸钠溶液（1.1.3）放入沸水氯金酸4溶液（1.1.2）。该解决方案变为灰色在1分钟内，然后逐渐变成红色。 <ol><li>合成32纳米的金纳米粒子，使用1.5的柠檬酸钠溶液的毫升来代替。较小量的还原剂导致更少广泛均匀成核，使得每个核可以变得更大。 </li></ol></li><li>保持溶液在另外的30分钟沸腾，然后冷却到室温，在随后的反应中使用。 </li><li> CON牢固所得金纳米粒子通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）的大小和形态。 <ol><li>为了制备TEM样品，首先通过将1.5毫升合成后原样的溶液至离心管中浓缩的AuNPs，并离心它在16000×g离心15分钟。除去透明的上清液后，滴将残余溶液的10微升等分试样上的TEM铜网格上。灯芯断用滤纸多余液体样品和干燥铜网在空气中。 </li><li>为了进行TEM表征，铜网格样品加载到TEM保持器，固定在样品上，而保持器加载到试样腔室以下的标准操作程序（特定于类型/品牌仪器）。22 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>金棒的合成（AuNRs） <ol><li>准备种子的解决方案。在剧烈搅拌下，加0.6毫升为10mM冰冷却的硼氢化钠（加入NaBH 4）至10毫升0.25毫氯金酸4 </sUB&gt;∙3H 2 O准备在0.1M溴化十六（CTAB）解决方案。继续搅拌10分钟。 </li><li>加95毫升0.1M的CTAB，将1ml的10mM硝酸银（ 硝酸银），5毫升10毫氯金酸4∙3H 2 O中的序列至200ml锥形瓶中。 </li><li>加0.55毫升0.1M的L-抗坏血酸的溶液，并轻轻摇动以均化溶液。 </li><li>马上会增加0.12毫升的种子液（1.2.1步）的。轻轻摇动混合解决方案，让它不受干扰O / N（14-16小时）。 </li></ol></li><li> 叔 -Te合成纳米线（TeNWs） <ol><li>通过混合纯净的N 2 H 4·H 2 O1毫升用9ml去离子水中制备出10毫升N 2 H 4溶液。 </li><li>添加16毫克二氧化碲的2粉末缓慢的N 2 H 4溶液（步骤1.3.1）在烧杯中在RT下持续搅拌。在约10分钟时，粉末完全溶解。该SOLU化会从无色变为黄色，紫色，并最终以蓝色，表示的叔-Te纳米线的形成。 </li><li>稀释溶液的10倍以十二烷基硫酸钠（10毫米）以终止反应。溶液的蓝色变成了稀释后不太激烈。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.合成PSPAA封装金属纳米粒子的（在单体） 注意:在下文中，精确的量使用以实现最终的DMF /水溶剂混合物的精确比率。因为离心和提取上清液后的残渣体积总是不同，大致测量残余物体积用移液管，然后加入DMF /水，使最终的解决方案时补偿这种体积。溶剂比率的小变化通常不是一个问题。 <ol><li>金纳米粒子封装（D AU = 16纳米，32纳米）与PSPAA（金纳米粒子@ PSPAA） <ol><li>金纳米粒子的纯化解决方案。加入3毫升合成的金纳米粒子溶液（步骤1.1）的两个离心管（1.5毫升每），离心机在16000×g离心15分钟，并除去上清液。稀释浓缩的溶液（约20微升）与160微升的去离子水。 </li><li>在1ml DMF中（二-PAA 22聚苯乙烯154 - - B -PAA 49或PS 144）通过溶解PSPAA 8毫克制备PSPAA原液。 </li><li> b -PAA 49原液-通过将740微升DMF中的80微升的PS 154准备PSPAA解决方案。对于PS 144封装的金纳米粒子- B -PAA 22弹，使用80微升PS 144 - B -PAA 22原液。 </li><li>在玻璃小瓶中，所述金纳米颗粒（〜180微升溶液中，步骤2.1.1）加入820微升PSPAA溶液（步骤2.1.3）。最终混合物具有1毫升为V DMF / V H 2 O = 4.5体积:1。 </li><li>加入40微升溶液1,2- dipalmitoyl- SN -glycero -3- phosphothioethanol（P-SH）的乙醇（2毫克/毫升）。 </li><li>孵育在110℃将混合物搅拌2小时，以允许聚合物自组装。 </li><li>缓慢冷却在油浴溶液至室温。样品可以储存在该状态下几个星期。 </li><li>确认形成金纳米粒子@ PSPAA用TEM。 <ol><li>为了制备TEM样品，通过将200μl的合成后原样的溶液至离心管中浓缩该金纳米粒子@ PSPAA，添加1.3 DI水和离心机它混合物在16000×g离心15分钟。 </li><li>混合的浓缩样品溶液5微升等份与5微升的1％钼酸铵染色溶液（注:染色用于含PSPAA改善聚合物的对比样品），并删除该混合物到的TEM铜网格上。灯芯断用滤纸多余液体样品和干燥铜网在空气中。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>封装AuNRs与PSPAA（AuNR @ PS &lt;子&gt; 154 - B -PAA 49） <ol><li>纯化所合成AuNR溶液（步骤1.2）两次以除去过量的CTAB。加入3毫升AuNR溶液分成两个离心管，然后离心他们在8100×g离心15分钟。除去上清液后，再次添加加入1.5ml去离子水和离心机以除去上清液。 </li><li>结合浓缩AuNR溶液，并添加160微升的去离子水。 </li><li>在玻璃小瓶中，该AuNR溶液（〜180微升）添加到820微升的PS 154 - B -PAA 49溶液（步骤2.1.3）。最终混合物具有1毫升为V DMF / V H 2 O = 4.5体积:1。 </li><li>添加2-萘（NPSH）的乙醇（2毫克/毫升）的40μl溶液到混合物中。 </li><li>孵育在110℃将混合物搅拌2小时，以允许聚合物自组装。 </li><li>慢慢冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>封装TeNWs与PSPAA（TeNW @ 154 PS- B -PAA 49） <ol><li>纯化所合成TeNWs（步骤1.3），以除去过量的SDS。加入3毫升TeNW溶液分成两个离心管，并离心他们在2900×g离心10分钟。除去上清液后，加入将1.5ml乙醇并再次离心管中。重复此净化过程一次（共3轮离心）。 </li><li>结合浓缩TeNWs溶液，并添加160微升的去离子水。 </li><li>添加TeNWs溶液（〜180微升），以820微升PS 154 - B -PAA 49溶液（2.1.3步）。最终混合物具有1毫升为V DMF / V H 2 O = 4.5体积:1。 </li><li>孵育在110℃将混合物搅拌2小时。 </li><li>慢慢冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>封装碳纳米管（CNT）与PSPAA（CNT @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49） <ol><li>混合730微升DMF 80微升的PS 154- B -PAA 49原液（步骤2.1.2）。 </li><li>分散约0.05mg的单壁碳纳米管到PS 154 - B -PAA 49溶液。 注:这是很难衡量的重量小的碳纳米管;通常为0.2毫克CNT的称重和关于样品（由估计体积）的四分之一被加入。 </li><li>在冰 - 水浴超声处理该混合物，直到它变成透明的深溶液。使用明确的解决方案，并丢弃不溶物碳纳米管。 </li><li>加入180微升去离子水中2 O下拉明智的解决方案。最终混合物具有990微升采用V DMF / V H2O = 4.5卷:1。 </li><li>超声处理的溶液在约50℃下进行2小时。 </li><li>慢慢冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>准备PS 154球形胶束- B- PAA 49。 <ol><li>添加80微升的PS 154 - B -PAA 49原液（步骤2.1.1），以740μ升DMF，再加入180微升水，使得第V DMF / V H2O = 4.5的解决方案:1。 </li><li>孵育在110℃的聚合物溶液2小时。 </li><li>慢慢冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.均聚合的PSPAA封装金属纳米粒子的<ol><li>单线链从金纳米粒子@ PSPAA合成<ol><li>净化金纳米粒子@ PSPAA。 <ol><li>稀释800微升合成的金纳米粒子@ PSPAA（第2.1节）的11.2毫升水，分解成单个微离心管（1.5毫升每），并离心它们在16000×g离心30分钟。进行两个独立的反应中，使用封装在PS 154中的16纳米的AuNPs - B -PAA 49和封装在PS 144中的32纳米的AuNPs - B -PAA 22作为单体。 </li><li>取出并弃去上清液，加入1.5毫升0.1毫米氢氧化钠（pH值= 10）每管和离心他们股份公司泉在16000×g离心30分钟，除去上清。 注意:NaOH在纯化过程中使用的用于离心的pH值不应太高。较高的pH值会导致聚集在离心分离过程中，将残留碱将包括酸在链增长步骤的影响，导致球状聚集体。 </li></ol></li><li>分散浓缩金纳米粒子@ PSPAA（结合所有的管子）的1ml DMF中/ H 2 O（V DMF / V H 2 O = 6:1）在玻璃小瓶中，并添加5微升的1M HCl中。 注意:控制在前面的步骤中的金纳米粒子@ PSPAA的残基NaOH和损失是重要的，以便在组装过程中所需的盐酸量在不同批次之间是一致的。孵育前涡反应混合物，以确保各组分的完全混合。 </li><li>孵育在60℃下该混合物2小时，以使共同的聚集，聚结，和形态变换重 - 壳纳米颗粒。 </li><li>冷却该混合物至室温。 </li><li>对于均聚的AuNR @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和TeNW @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49，遵循同样的程序，包括净化过程。 注:在实验中，塑料离心管通常用于纯化和离心和玻璃小瓶用于反应在升高的温度下进行。当分散在微量离心管中高的DMF含量溶液的PSPAA涂覆的纳米颗粒通常是在溶液中稳定，所不同的是，它们会粘在塑料表面上。为了避免这种情况下，纳米颗粒的高的DMF含量的解决方案中的玻璃小瓶仅制备。 </li></ol></li><li>双线链的金纳米粒子@ PSPAA合成<ol><li>净化金纳米粒子@ PSPAA（按照步骤3.1.1）。只有封装在PS 154的16纳米的金纳米粒子- B -PAA 49炮弹进行了测试。 </li&gt; <li>分散浓缩金纳米粒子@ PSPAA在1ml DMF中/ H 2 O（V DMF / V H 2 O = 7:3）在玻璃小瓶中，并添加5微升的1M HCl中。 </li><li>孵育在60℃下将混合物搅拌2小时。 </li><li>冷却该混合物至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>纳米粒子链的净化 注:为-综合解决方案包含产品纳米粒子链，小链/集群，大团块，金纳米粒子@ PSPAA单体，空PSPAA胶束，DMF和过量的酸。 <ol><li>取出空PSPAA胶束，DMF和酸。 <ol><li>稀释800微升作为合成溶液11.2毫升0.1毫米氢氧化钠，划分溶液成单独的微离心管（1.5毫升每），并离心它们在16000×g离心30分钟。 </li><li>再次添加将1.5ml 0.1mM的氢氧化钠稀释浓缩的溶液，并离心管在16000×g离心30分钟。再一次重复此步骤。 </li></ol></li><li>丰富的金纳米粒子链 注:纯化液含有纳米颗粒的产品链，小链/集群，金纳米粒子@ PSPAA单体。它们通过差速离心分离。 <ol><li>离心管中，在300×g离心25分钟以分离和去除大团块。 </li><li>收集上清液，离心它在2000×g离心30分钟。删除含有大多是单体和小型连锁店/集群上清。 </li><li>收集底部溶液，稀释在1.5ml的0.1mM的氢氧化钠，和离心机在2000×g离心20分钟以除去过量的单体。重复该过程一次。 注意:氢氧化钠用在离心分离中的所有净化过程的pH值不应太高。较高的pH值会导致聚集在离心分离过程中，引起球形聚集体的形成。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>单行纳米粒子链的改造，双精度型/三线链<ol><li>净化单线链（步骤3.3.1，而不富集步骤）。 </li><li>通过离心浓缩800微升纯化的溶液到约20微升。 </li><li>转变为双行链分散在1ml的DMF / H的溶液2 O混合物溶剂（ⅤDMF / V H 2 O = 7:3），并添加2.5微升的1M盐酸，[HCl]的最后 = 2.5毫米。转换到三线链，选用1毫升DMF / H 2 O的（V DMF / V H2O = 3:2）和2.5mm] [HCL 决赛 。 </li><li>孵育溶液在70℃下1小时，以允许纳米结构的转变。 </li><li>慢慢冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.共聚合的PSPAA封装金属纳米粒子的<ol><li>无规共聚合为16nm金纳米粒子的@的PS 154 - B -PAA 49和32纳米金纳米粒子@ PS 144 - B -PAA 22。这个过程是非常类似于步骤3.1不同的是两种单体的使用。 <ol><li>净化两类合成的金纳米粒子@ PSPAA分开（步骤3.1.1）的。 </li><li>分散浓缩为16nm金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和32纳米金纳米粒子@ PS 144 - B -PAA 22在1:1的比例在1ml的DMF / H 2 O混合物（ⅤDMF / V H 2 O = 6: 1）。 </li><li>加入5微升1 M盐酸，[盐酸] 最后 = 5毫米。 </li><li>孵育溶液，在60℃进行2小时，以使纳米颗粒的共组装。 </li><li>冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>无规共聚合为16nm金纳米粒子的@的PS 154 - B -PAA 49和AuNR @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49 <ol><li>净化金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和AuNR @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49分开（步骤3.1.1）。 </li><li>分散的金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和AuNR @PS 154 - B -PAA 49在1:1的比例在1ml的DMF / H的2 O混合物（ⅤDMF / V H 2 O = 6:1）。 </li><li>加入5微升1 M盐酸，[盐酸] 最后 = 5毫米。 </li><li>孵育溶液，在60℃进行2小时，以使纳米颗粒的共组装。 </li><li>冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>无规共聚合为16nm金纳米粒子的@的PS 154 - B -PAA 49和PS 154 - B -PAA 49微胶粒<ol><li>净化的16纳米的金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49（步骤3.1.1）。 </li><li>添加浓缩的金纳米粒子的PS @ 154 - B -PAA 49和60微升球形的PS 154 - B -PAA 49胶束（步骤2.5）到940毫升DMF / H 2 O的在最后的溶液中，V DMF / V H 2 O = 6:1。 </li><li>加入5微升1 M盐酸，[盐酸] 最后 = 5毫米。 </li> &lt;李&gt;孵育溶液，在60℃进行1.5小时。 </li><li>冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>无规共聚物聚合金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和PS 154 - B -PAA 49囊泡<ol><li>遵循相同的方法步骤4.3.1-4.3.3。 </li><li>孵育溶液，在60℃下进行6小时，以允许PSPAA气瓶囊泡的形状转变。 </li><li>冷却该溶液至室温。 </li></ol></li><li>嵌段共聚TeNWs与金纳米粒子<ol><li>净化16纳米的金纳米粒子@ PS 154 - B -PAA 49和TeNW @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49（步骤3.1.1） </li><li>分散浓缩TeNW @ PS 154 - B -PAA 49在1毫升DMF中/ H 2 O混合物（ⅤDMF / V H 2 O = 6:1） </li><li>加入2微升1 M盐酸。 </li><li>孵育在60℃下该混合物20分钟。 </li><li>添加浓缩为16nm金纳米粒子@ PS154中- B -PAA 49和3微升的1M HCl中。 </li><li>孵育在60℃下将混合物搅拌2小时。 </li><li>冷却该溶液至室温。 </li><li> b -PAA 49（步骤2.4） -对嵌段共聚碳纳米管与金纳米粒子，通过使用碳纳米管@ PS 154按照相同的程序，步骤4.5.1-4.5.7。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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H., Durant, S., Zhang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Plasmon Resonance of Finite One-Dimensional Au Nanoparticle Chains. Nano Lett. 4, 1067-1071 (2004).</li><li>Warner, M. G., Hutchison, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linear+assemblies+of+nanoparticles+electrostatically+organized+on+DNA+scaffolds.">Linear assemblies of nanoparticles electrostatically organized on DNA scaffolds.</a> Nat Mater. 2, 272-277 (2003).</li><li>DeVries, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Divalent+Metal+Nanoparticles.">Divalent Metal Nanoparticles.</a> Science. 315, 358-361 (2007).</li><li>Kim, B. Y., Shim, I. -. B., Monti, O. L. 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A., Giersig, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+Organization+of+Single+CdTe+Nanoparticles+into+Luminescent+Nanowires.">Spontaneous Organization of Single CdTe Nanoparticles into Luminescent Nanowires.</a> Science. 297, 237-240 (2002).</li><li>Zhang, H., Wang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+Growth+of+Charged-Nanoparticle+Chains+through+Interparticle+Electrostatic+Repulsion.">Controlling the Growth of Charged-Nanoparticle Chains through Interparticle Electrostatic Repulsion.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 3984-3987 (2008).</li><li>Yang, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanistic+investigation+into+the+spontaneous+linear+assembly+of+gold+nanospheres.">Mechanistic investigation into the spontaneous linear assembly of gold nanospheres.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 11850-11860 (2010).</li><li>Keng, P. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloidal+Polymerization+of+Polymer-Coated+Ferromagnetic+Nanoparticles+into+Cobalt+Oxide+Nanowires.">Colloidal Polymerization of Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles into Cobalt Oxide Nanowires.</a> ACS Nano. 3, 3143-3157 (2009).</li><li>Xia, H., Su, G., Wang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Size-Dependent+Electrostatic+Chain+Growth+of+pH-Sensitive+Hairy+Nanoparticles.">Size-Dependent Electrostatic Chain Growth of pH-Sensitive Hairy Nanoparticles.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 3726-3730 (2013).</li><li>Wang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unconventional+Chain-Growth+Mode+in+the+Assembly+of+Colloidal+Gold+Nanoparticles.">Unconventional Chain-Growth Mode in the Assembly of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 8021-8025 (2012).</li><li>Wang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Homo-+and+Co-polymerization+of+Polysytrene-block-Poly(acrylic+acid)-Coated+Metal+Nanoparticles.">Homo- and Co-polymerization of Polysytrene-block-Poly(acrylic acid)-Coated Metal Nanoparticles.</a> ACS Nano. 8, 8063-8073 (2014).</li><li>Fred, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+Nucleation+for+Regulation+of+Particle-size+in+Monodisperse+Gold+Suspensions.">Controlled Nucleation for Regulation of Particle-size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions.</a> Nature-Phys. Sci. 241, 20-22 (1973).</li><li>Gole, A., Murphy, C. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

该合成的机理细节报告，并在以前的出版物讨论。20,21下面我们重点的综合条件的理由。对于纳米颗粒的聚合，优选的是纳米颗粒大小均匀的被使用。我们遵循文献程序来获得均匀的金纳米粒子，23的Au纳米棒，24和Te纳米线25在一般情况下，更好的尺寸均匀性时，成核和生长阶段的分离而获得。26最初爆发均相成核后，所有的核增长以相同的速率为同一期间?...

Despite great advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles over the past two decades, their orderly assembly remains a great challenge. Our synthetic capabilities in putting the basic building blocks together are of critical importance for the exploration and exploitation of their synergistic effects and collective properties. Thus, developing new reaction pathways and exploring the underlying mechanisms are the stepping stones towards the rational synthesis of complex nanodevices. 
Among the rich structural variety of possible nanoparticle assemblies, one-dimensional (1D) chains have shown useful applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and biosensors.1-4 Typically, self-assembly of nanoparticles into chain-like structures requires magnetic or electric dipole interactions, anisotropic electrostatic repulsion, or external templates.5-11 For dipole-induced assembly, one needs nanoparticles with permanent dipoles, such as magnetic nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles under special environments.12-15 For nanoparticles with no permanent dipole, it has been shown that the relatively weaker electrostatic repulsion at the ends of the nanoparticle chains can promote the selective attachment of nanoparticle thereon and thus, 1D chain growth.16,17 Because the nanoparticles can aggregate with each other and with the oligomers, the aggregation often follows the intrinsic step-growth mode, leading to short chain length and the lack of control over branching. Lastly, nanoparticles can be adsorbed onto 1D templates to form chains, but usually it is very difficult to achieve secure anchoring and avoid gaps among the nanoparticles. 
With these existing methods, hetero-assembly or &#8220;co-polymerization&#8221; of nanoparticles is particularly difficult. A few pioneer works have demonstrated the &#8220;co-polymerization&#8221; of short nanoparticle chains exploiting magnetic dipole18 or electrostatic repulsion.19
Recently, we reported the homo- and co-polymerization of PSPAA-coated nanoparticles into chains.20,21 This new synthetic pathway involves facile colloidal synthesis and generic use of different types of nanoparticles. It affords ultralong chains without branching and allows ready control of their length and width (single-, double-, and triple-line chains). Most importantly, random- and co-polymers of nanoparticles can be synthesized with improved structural control. In this work, we provide video protocols for the related syntheses, intending to give a detailed demonstration and presentation.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, ACS reagent, &amp;ge;49.0% Au basis</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G4022</td><td>HAuCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium citrate dihydrate, 99%</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>A12274</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium borohydride, &amp;ge;99%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>71321, Fluka</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, &amp;ge;98%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H5882</td><td>CTAB</td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate, 99.9999% trace metals basis</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>204390</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-ascorbic acid, BioXtra, &amp;ge;99.0%, crystalline</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A5960</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tellurium dioxide, &amp;ge;99%&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>243450</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrazine monohydrate, 64-65%, reagent grade, 98%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>207942</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(styrene-&lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;-acrylic acid) (PS&lt;sub&gt;154&lt;/sub&gt;-PAA&lt;sub&gt;49&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Polymer Source</td><td>P4673A-SAA</td><td>PS16000-PAA3500</td></tr><tr><td>Poly(styrene-&lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;-acrylic acid) (PS&lt;sub&gt;144&lt;/sub&gt;-PAA&lt;sub&gt;28&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Polymer Source</td><td>P4002-SAA</td><td>PS15000-PAA1600</td></tr><tr><td>2-Naphthalenethiol, &amp;ge;99.0% (GC)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>88910, Fluka</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 99%</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>A11183</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>single wall carbon nanotubes, 99% ultra-pure</td><td>NanoIntegris</td><td>PC10344a</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Sinopharm</td><td>S1900136</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1,2-dipalmitoyl-&lt;em&gt;sn&lt;/em&gt;-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (sodium salt)</td><td>Avanti polar lipids</td><td>870160P</td><td>PSH</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;N,N&lt;/em&gt;-dimethylformamide</td><td>Merck</td><td>SA4s640012</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol, absolute</td><td>Fischer</td><td>E/0650DF/17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid, 37%</td><td>Honey well</td><td>10189005</td><td>Dilute to 1&amp;nbsp;M before use</td></tr></tbody></table>

using polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated metal nanoparticles as monomers for their homo- and co-polymerization

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. Exploiting this tendency, the core-shell nanoparticles are induced to aggregate, coalesce, and then transform into long chains. When more than one type of nanoparticles are used, random and block &#8220;copolymers&#8221; of nanoparticles can be obtained. Detailed procedures are reported for the PSPAA encapsulation of nanoparticles, homo- and co-polymerization of the core-shell nanoparticles, separation and purification of the resulting nanoparticle chains. Transformations of single-line chains into double- and triple-line chains are also presented. The synergy between the polymer shell and the embedded nanoparticles leads to an unusual chain-growth polymerization mode, giving long nanoparticle chains that are distinct from the products of the traditional step-growth aggregation process.

所述纳米颗粒的单体和链的特征在于通过TEM， 图1示出了PSPAA包封单体的代表性TEM图像，确认了形态和大小（ 图1）。因为一些单体典型地保留在"聚合"后的样品中，样品通常提纯和浓缩被用于TEM表征之前。污渍通过混合有1％钼酸铵样品溶液，以使聚合物壳中的TEM图像清楚对比制备TEM样品的过程中进行了介绍。的"均聚物"和"共聚物"代表TEM图像示于图2和图...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization at JoVE.com

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We report protocols for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of &#8220;homo-&#8220; and &#8220;co-polymers&#8221;.

使用聚苯乙烯<em&gt;块</em&gt; - 聚（丙烯酸）涂层的金属纳米颗粒作为单体他们均聚物和共聚物聚合

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are ...

using-polystyrene-block-poly-acrylic-acid-coated-metal-nanoparticles

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

12.1K 次观看.  Nanyang Technological University. We report protocols for “polymerizing” various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of “homo-“ and “co-polymers”. 

视频: Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Nanoporous metal foams possess a unique combination of properties - they are catalytically active, thermally and electrically conductive, and furthermore, have high porosity, high surface-to-volume and strength-to-weight ratio. Unfortunately, common approaches for preparation of metallic nanostructures render materials with highly disordered architecture, which might have an adverse effect on their mechanical properties. Block copolymers have the ability to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures and can be applied as templates for the preparation of well-ordered metal nanofoams. Here we describe the application of a block copolymer-based supramolecular complex - polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(pentadecylphenol) PS-b-P4VP(PDP) - as a precursor for well-ordered nickel nanofoam. The supramolecular complexes exhibit a phase behavior similar to conventional block copolymers and can self-assemble into the bicontinuous gyroid morphology with two PS networks placed in a P4VP(PDP) matrix. PDP can be dissolved in ethanol leading to the formation of a porous structure that can be backfilled with metal. Using electroless plating technique, nickel can be inserted into the template&#39;s channels. Finally, the remaining polymer can be removed via pyrolysis from the polymer/inorganic nanohybrid resulting in nanoporous nickel foam with inverse gyroid morphology.

This article describes the preparation of well-ordered nickel nanofoams via electroless metal deposition onto nanoporous templates obtained from self-assembled diblock copolymer based supramolecules.

Gyroid镍纳米结构的嵌段共聚物超分子

Nanoporous metal foams possess a unique combination of properties - they are catalytically active, thermally and electrically conductive, and furthermore, ...

科研

化学

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Nanotechnology is a relatively new branch of science that involves harnessing the unique properties of particles that are nanometers in scale (nanoparticles). Nanoparticles can be engineered in a precise fashion where their size, composition and surface chemistry can be carefully controlled. This enables unprecedented freedom to modify some of the fundamental properties of their cargo, such as solubility, diffusivity, biodistribution, release characteristics and immunogenicity. Since their inception, nanoparticles have been utilized in many areas of science and medicine, including drug delivery, imaging, and cell biology1-4. However, it has not been fully utilized outside of "nanotechnology laboratories" due to perceived technical barrier. In this article, we describe a simple method to synthesize a polymer based nanoparticle platform that has a wide range of potential applications. 
The first step is to synthesize a diblock co-polymer that has both a hydrophobic domain and hydrophilic domain. Using PLGA and PEG as model polymers, we described a conjugation reaction using EDC/NHS chemistry5 (Fig 1). We also discuss the polymer purification process. The synthesized diblock co-polymer can self-assemble into nanoparticles in the nanoprecipitation process through hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions.
The described polymer nanoparticle is very versatile. The hydrophobic core of the nanoparticle can be utilized to carry poorly soluble drugs for drug delivery experiments6. Furthermore, the nanoparticles can overcome the problem of toxic solvents for poorly soluble molecular biology reagents, such as wortmannin, which requires a solvent like DMSO. However, DMSO can be toxic to cells and interfere with the experiment. These poorly soluble drugs and reagents can be effectively delivered using polymer nanoparticles with minimal toxicity. Polymer nanoparticles can also be loaded with fluorescent dye and utilized for intracellular trafficking studies. Lastly, these polymer nanoparticles can be conjugated to targeting ligands through surface PEG. Such targeted nanoparticles can be utilized to label specific epitopes on or in cells7-10.

This article describes a nanoprecipitation method to synthesize polymer-based nanoparticles using diblock co-polymers. We will discuss the synthesis of diblock co-polymers, the nanoprecipitation technique, and potential applications.

制定通过Nanoprecipitation技术嵌段聚合物纳米粒子

Nanotechnology is a relatively new branch of science that involves harnessing the unique properties of particles that are nanometers in scale ...

生物工程

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a combinatorial library of materials to be screened in a parallel, high throughput format1. Herein is described the formation and characterization of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique 2. This involves mixing monomers at varied ratios to produce a library of monomer solutions, transferring the solution to a glass slide format using a robotic printing device and curing with UV irradiation. This format is readily amenable to many biological assays, including stem cell attachment and proliferation, cell sorting and low bacterial adhesion, allowing the ready identification of 'hit' materials that fulfill a specific biological criterion3-5. Furthermore, the use of high throughput surface characterization (HTSC) allows the biological performance to be correlated with physio-chemical properties, hence elucidating the biological-material interaction6. HTSC makes use of water contact angle (WCA) measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In particular, ToF-SIMS provides a chemically rich analysis of the sample that can be used to correlate the cell response with a molecular moiety. In some cases, the biological performance can be predicted from the ToF-SIMS spectra, demonstrating the chemical dependence of a biological-material interaction, and informing the development of hit materials5,3.

A description of the formation of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique. The high throughput surface characterization using atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and a cell attachment assay is also described.

聚合物芯片高通量发现的生物材料

The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins with the synthesis of a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) homopolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Under mild visible light irradiation (&#955; = 460 nm, 0.7 mW/cm2), this macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in the presence of a ruthenium based photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 can be chain extended with a second monomer to form a well-defined block copolymer in a process known as Photoinduced Electron Transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT). When PET-RAFT is used to chain extend POEGMA with benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in ethanol (EtOH), polymeric nanoparticles with different morphologies are formed in situ according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mechanism. Self-assembly into nanoparticles presenting POEGMA chains at the corona and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) chains in the core occurs in situ due to the growing insolubility of the PBzMA block in ethanol. Interestingly, the formation of highly pure worm-like micelles can be readily monitored by observing the onset of a highly viscous gel in situ due to nanoparticle entanglements occurring during the polymerization. This process thereby allows for a more reproducible synthesis of worm-like micelles simply by monitoring the solution viscosity during the course of the polymerization. In addition, the light stimulus can be intermittently applied in an ON/OFF manner demonstrating temporal control over the nanoparticle morphology.

This article describes a process for producing polymeric self-assembled nanoparticles using visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. Using low energy visible light to control the polymerization allows for the reproducible formation of self-assembled worm-like micelles at high solids content.

使用Photoredox催化剂蠕虫状胶束的简便合成可见光介导的分散聚合

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions

In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer that includes a core-forming block with phenyl groups was synthesized by living anionic polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PheGE) on methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG-b-PPheGE). Characterization of the copolymer revealed a narrow molecular distribution (PDI &#60; 1.03) and confirmed the degree of polymerization of mPEG122-b-(PheGE)15. The critical micelle concentration of the copolymer was evaluated using an established fluorescence method with the aggregation behavior evaluated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electronic microscopy. The potential of the copolymer for use in drug delivery applications was evaluated in a preliminary manner including in vitro biocompatibility, loading and release of the hydrophobic anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). A stable micelle formulation of DOX was prepared with drug loading levels up to 14% (wt%), drug loading efficiencies &#62; 60% (w/w) and sustained release of drug over 4 days under physiologically relevant conditions (acidic and neutral pH, presence of albumin). The high drug loading level and sustained release is attributed to stabilizing &#960;-&#960; interactions between DOX and the core-forming block of the micelles.

The key steps of living anionic polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PheGE) on methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG-b-PPheGE) are described. The resulting block copolymer micelles (BCMs) were loaded with doxorubicin 14% (wt%) and sustained release of drug over 4 days under physiologically relevant conditions was obtained.

一个两亲性共聚物的阴离子聚合通过π-π堆积作用稳定嵌段共聚物胶束的制备

In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer that includes a core-forming block with phenyl groups was synthesized by living anionic polymerization of phenyl ...

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a free-radical polymerization strategy to enable the modulation of the nanotube surface properties and produce supramolecular self-assembly of the nanostructures. First, a selective hydroxylation of the pristine nanotubes through a biphasic catalytically mediated oxidation reaction creates superficially distributed reactive sites at the sidewalls. The latter reactive sites are subsequently modified with methacrylic moieties using a silylated methacrylic precursor to create polymerizable sites. Those polymerizable groups can address further polymerization of styrene to produce a hybrid nanomaterial containing PS chains grafted to the nanotube sidewalls. The polymer-graft content, amount of silylated methacrylic moieties introduced and hydroxylation modification of the nanotubes are identified and quantified by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of reactive functional groups hydroxyl and silylated methacrylate are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotube solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) provide wall-to-wall collinearly self-assembled nanotubes when cast samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Those self-assemblies are not obtained when suitable blanks are similarly cast from analogous solutions containing non-grafted counterparts. Therefore, this method enables the modification of the nanotube anisotropic patchiness at the sidewalls which results into spontaneous auto-organization at the nanoscale.

A procedure for the synthesis of polystyrene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes using successive chemical modification steps to selectively introduce the polymer chains to the sidewalls and their self-assembly via anisotropic patchiness is presented.

用聚苯乙烯接枝多壁纳米碳纳米管使自组装和各向异性斑块

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

由烃类和氟碳油组成的同液滴的自由基聚合制备空心聚苯乙烯颗粒和微胶囊

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock copolymers are produced by one of three techniques: thin film rehydration, solvent switching or polymerization-induced self-assembly, and produce only flexible, polydisperse cylinders. Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) is a method which can produce cylinders with these properties, by stabilizing structures of a lower curvature due to the formation of a crystalline core. However, the living polymerization techniques by which most core-forming blocks are formed are not trivial processes and the CDSA process may yield unsatisfactory results if carried out incorrectly. Here, the synthesis of cylindrical nanoparticles from simple reagents is shown. The drying and purification of reagents prior to a ring-opening polymerization of &#949;-caprolactone catalyzed by diphenyl phosphate is described. This polymer is then chain extended by methyl methacrylate (MMA) followed by N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) using reversible addition&#8722;fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, affording a triblock copolymer that can undergo CDSA in ethanol. The living CDSA process is outlined, the results of which yield cylindrical nanoparticles up to 500 nm in length and a length dispersity as low as 1.05. It is anticipated that these protocols will allow others to produce cylindrical nanostructures and elevate the field of CDSA in the future.

Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) displays the unique ability to fabricate cylindrical nanostructures of narrow length distributions. The organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of &#949;-caprolactone and subsequent chain extensions of methyl methacrylate and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide are demonstrated. A living CDSA protocol that produces monodisperse cylinders up to 500 nm in length is outlined.

通过结晶驱动生物降解块共聚物的自组装合成单分散圆柱状纳米粒子

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock ...

聚合物接枝金属有机框架单层的自组装

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Attempts to enhance the utility of MOFs have involved the preparation of various composites, including polymer-grafted MOFs. By directly grafting polymers to the external surface of MOFs, issues of incompatibility between polymers and MOFs can be overcome. Polymer brushes grafted from the surface of MOFs can serve to stabilize the MOF while enabling particle assembly into self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers (SAMMs) via polymer-polymer interactions.
Control over the chemical composition and molecular weight of the grafted polymer can allow for tuning of the SAMM characteristics. In this work, instructions are provided on how to immobilize a chain transfer agent (CTA) onto the surface of the MOF UiO-66 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo). The CTA&#160;serves as initiation sites for the growth of polymers. Once polymer chains are grown from the MOF surface, the formation of SAMMs is achieved through self-assembly at an air-water interface. The resulting SAMMs are characterized and shown to be freestanding by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The methods presented in this paper are expected to make the preparation of SAMMs more accessible to the research community and thereby expand their potential use as a&#160;MOF-polymer composite.

作者聚焦:探索自组装的 MOF-聚合物复合材料

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers is provided using polymer-grafted, metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. The procedure shows that polymer-grafted MOF particles can be self-assembled at an air-water interface resulting in well-formed, free-standing, monolayer structures as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy imaging.

使用聚合物包覆颗粒的自组装金属有机框架单层的合成和表征

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. ...

使用聚苯乙烯

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Gyroid镍纳米结构的嵌段共聚物超分子

制定通过Nanoprecipitation技术嵌段聚合物纳米粒子

聚合物芯片高通量发现的生物材料

使用Photoredox催化剂蠕虫状胶束的简便合成可见光介导的分散聚合

一个两亲性共聚物的阴离子聚合通过π-π堆积作用稳定嵌段共聚物胶束的制备

用聚苯乙烯接枝多壁纳米碳纳米管使自组装和各向异性斑块

由烃类和氟碳油组成的同液滴的自由基聚合制备空心聚苯乙烯颗粒和微胶囊

通过结晶驱动生物降解块共聚物的自组装合成单分散圆柱状纳米粒子

使用聚合物包覆颗粒的自组装金属有机框架单层的合成和表征

使用聚合物包覆颗粒的自组装金属有机框架单层的合成和表征