Name: 视频: 兔模型中的间歇性光刺激:一种诱导癫痫发作并同时记录多系统参数的技术 - 概念
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T14:52:09.000+00:00
Duration: 1 min 46 s
Description: 1.2K 次观看. 来源:Bosinski， C. 等人 用于识别有意识束缚兔癫痫发作、心律失常和呼吸暂停的多系统监测。J. Vis. Exp. （2021 年）。 在本视频中，我们展示了一个同时记录通过在兔子模型中诱导癫痫发作生成的视频-EEG-ECG-二氧化碳图-血氧饱和度数据的程序。

eoe sub articles

EoE Sub Articles

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
1. Photic stimulation experiment
<ol>
	<li>Place a light source with a circular reflector 30 cm in front of the rabbit at eye level, with the flash intensity set to the maximum (16 candela). The light source is indicated by a white dot in&#160;Figure 1E. 
	NOTE: A dimly lit room should be used to elicit the photosensitive response.</li>
	<li>&#160;As the rabbit&#39;s eyes are on the side of the head instead of the front of its head (as in humans), place 2 mirrors on either side of the rabbit, and 1 behind the rabbit so that the light enters the rabbit&#39;s eyes. 
	NOTE: A flat mirror that is &#8805; 20 cm tall, by &#8805; 120 cm long creates a triangular enclosure around the rabbit to ensure that the flashing light enters the rabbit&#39;s eyes, as seen in&#160;Figure 1E.</li>
	<li>Connect the light source to a controller that has an adjustable rate, intensity, and duration.</li>
	<li>Record video using a camera with a red light and infrared recording capabilities.</li>
	<li>Expose the rabbits to each frequency for 30 s with their eyes open and then another 30 s with a surgical mask covering their face to simulate or cause eye closure at each frequency. 
	NOTE: Previous studies have shown that eye closure is the most provocative maneuver for eliciting photosensitivity to seizure. In addition, 10% of photosensitive patients only exhibit electroencephalographic signs while their eyes are closed. A seizure can be identified clinically by observing the presence of head and whole-body myoclonic jerks, clonus, or a tonic state. The EEG recording is more thoroughly analyzed for electroencephalographic correlation (e.g., spikes, poly-spikes, and rhythmic discharges) with motor manifestations for a definitive diagnosis of seizure activity. Movements in which the EEG is obscured by muscle artifact or waves of indeterminant epileptogenicity should be reviewed by an epileptologist for confirmation.</li>
	<li>Increase the photic stimulator frequency from 1 Hz to 25 Hz in 2 Hz increments. Then perform the same photo-stimulation protocol, but this time decrease the frequency from 60 Hz to 25 Hz in 5 Hz increments. 
	NOTE: If a rabbit has a seizure, the experiment should be stopped. Continue to monitor the rabbit for 30 min. Then return the rabbit to the housing room and monitor every 1 h for 3 h for full recovery. However, if the photic stimulation induces a photoparoxysmal response, then the remainder of ascending frequencies are skipped, and the series is started again by descending from 60 Hz until another photoparoxysmal response occurs. This will allow for the determination of the upper and lower photic stimulation thresholds. No delay is necessary as the photoparoxysmal response will cease after the photic stimulation is discontinued. If it is unclear whether a photoparoxysmal response has occurred, the frequency is repeated after a 10 s delay.</li>
	<li>After the experiment is completed, remove EEG and ECG leads from the rabbit and return it to its home cage for routine care by husbandry staff.&#160;</li>
</ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Computer</td><td>Dell</td><td>Optiplex 5040</td><td>Acquisition computer</td></tr><tr><td>ECG Electrode</td><td>RhythmLink</td><td>RLSND116-2.5</td><td>13mm 35-degree bent (0.4 mm diameter) subdermal pin electrodes</td></tr><tr><td>EEG Electrode</td><td>RhythmLink</td><td>RLSP513</td><td>5-twist 13mm straight (0.4mm diameter) subdermal pin electrodes</td></tr><tr><td>EEGLAB (2020)</td><td>Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience</td><td>Open Access</td><td>Can perform spectral analysis of EEG</td></tr><tr><td>Ethernet-to-ethernet adapter</td><td>Linksys</td><td>USB3G16</td><td>Adapter for connecting the camera to the computer</td></tr><tr><td>Foam padding</td><td>Generic</td><td>N/A</td><td>Reduces pressure applied to the neck of small rabbits by the restrainer in order to prevent the adverse cardiorespiratory effects of neck compression</td></tr><tr><td>IR Light</td><td>Bosch</td><td>EX12LED-3BD-8W</td><td>Facilitates recordings in the dark</td></tr><tr><td>LabChart Pro (2019, Version 8.1.16)</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td>N/A</td><td>ECG Analysis</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB (R2019b, Update 5)</td><td>MathWorks</td><td>N/A</td><td>Required to run EEGLAB</td></tr><tr><td>Microphone</td><td>Sony Stereo</td><td>ECM-D570P</td><td>Recording of audible manifestions of seizures</td></tr><tr><td>Micropore Medical Tape, Paper, White</td><td>3M</td><td>1530-1</td><td>Used to secure wires and create ear splint</td></tr><tr><td>Natus NeuroWorks</td><td>Natus</td><td>LC101-8</td><td>Acquisition and review software</td></tr><tr><td>Photic Stimulator</td><td>Grass</td><td>PS22</td><td>Stimulator to control frequency, delay, duration, intensity of the light pulses</td></tr><tr><td>Plastic wire organizer / bundler</td><td>12Vwire.com</td><td>LM-12-100-BLK</td><td>Bundle wires to cut down on noise</td></tr><tr><td>PS 22 Photic Stimulator</td><td>Grass Instruments</td><td>BZA641035</td><td>Strobe light with adjustable flash frequency, delay, and intensity</td></tr><tr><td>PVC pipe</td><td>Generic</td><td>N/A</td><td>Prevents small rabbits from kicking their hind legs and causing spinal injury</td></tr><tr><td>Quantum Amplifier</td><td>Natus</td><td>13926</td><td>Amplifier / digitizer</td></tr><tr><td>Quantum HeadBox Amplifier</td><td>Natus</td><td>22134</td><td>64-pin breakout box</td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit Restrainer</td><td>Plas-Labs</td><td>501-TC</td><td>Various size rabbit restrainers are available. 6&quot; x 18&quot; x 6&quot; in this study.</td></tr><tr><td>Rubber pad (booster)</td><td>Generic</td><td>N/A</td><td>Raises small rabbits up in the restrainer to prevent neck compression</td></tr><tr><td>SpO2 ear clip</td><td>NONIN</td><td>61000</td><td>PureSAT/SpO2</td></tr><tr><td>SpO2 sensor adapter</td><td>NONIN</td><td>13931</td><td>XPOD PureSAT/SpO2</td></tr><tr><td>SRG-X120 1080p PTZ Camera with HDMI, IP &amp;amp; 3G-SDI Output</td><td>Sony</td><td>SRG-X120</td><td>Impela Camera</td></tr></tbody></table>

intermittent photic stimulation in rabbit model: a technique to induce epileptic seizures and simultaneously record multisystem parameters

Source: Bosinski, C., et al. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/62256">Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2021).
In this video, we show a procedure for simultaneous recording of video-EEG-ECG-capnography-oximetry data generated by inducing seizures in a rabbit model.

<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/20824/20824_Figure1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Rabbit connected to equipment. (A) Location of ECG electrodes, Left Arm is indicated by a yellow dot. Right Arm is indicated by a white dot. Left Leg is indicated by a red dot. Ground anterior to the right leg is indicated by a green dot. (B) Rabbit in restrainer with ECG and EEG electrodes attached. (C) Juvenile rabbit in a restrainer ...

Intermittent Photic Stimulation in Rabbit Model: A Technique to Induce Epileptic Seizures and Simultaneously Record Multisystem Parameters

Source: Bosinski, C., et al. Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits. J. Vis. Exp. ...

Photic stimulation is a technique where intermittent light flashes elicit a seizure response in epilepsy patients. Since the cardiac activity of rabbits is comparable to that of humans, they are an ideal model for epilepsy research.
Begin with a rabbit secured in a restrainer with EEG and ECG electrodes attached. A restrainer helps acquire readings in a conscious state, omitting the need for anesthesia. Attach a pulse oximeter to the rabbit&#39;s ear and mask with capnography tubing over its mouth. These instruments capture respiratory activity to continuously assess oxygenation and ventilation.
Next, place an appropriate light source at the rabbit&#39;s eye level. Use mirrors on either side of and behind the rabbit&#39;s head to ensure light enters its eyes. Now, flash the light of a low frequency and maximum intensity. Expose the rabbit to light with its eyes open. Then cover the rabbit&#39;s face to simulate eye closure, triggering photosensitivity to seizures.
Repeat the experiment by gradually increasing the frequency and then decreasing it. Record the corresponding changes in cerebral and cardiac functions using video EEG and ECG techniques. Subsequently, remove the electrodes and return the rabbit to its home cage for routine care.

intermittent-photic-stimulation-rabbit-model-technique-to-induce

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Biology

Large Animal Models

Leporine

1.2K 次观看. 来源:Bosinski， C. 等人 用于识别有意识束缚兔癫痫发作、心律失常和呼吸暂停的多系统监测。J. Vis. Exp. （2021 年）。 在本视频中，我们展示了一个同时记录通过在兔子模型中诱导癫痫发作生成的视频-EEG-ECG-二氧化碳图-血氧饱和度数据的程序。 

视频: 兔模型中的间歇性光刺激:一种诱导癫痫发作并同时记录多系统参数的技术 - 概念

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is reported to be effective for severe neuropsychiatric disorders. In ECT, electrical stimulation is applied to the brain, inducing seizure activity. Adequate seizure induction with ECT is associated with seizure duration, symmetrical high amplitude waveforms during slow-wave activity, postictal suppression, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic nervous system activation is influenced by anesthetic agents or cardiovascular drugs during ECT. Pupillary responses can reflect sympathetic nervous activity or the degree of brain damage. Pupillary response measurement can be conducted in a simple, precise, and objective way using an automated infrared pupillometer, enabling the measurement of pupil diameter (mm) to two decimal places. The white light used for measuring light reflexes is not overly bright, and patients do not typically report discomfort. Pupillary light reflexes were measured before anesthesia induction and immediately after electrical stimulation using this equipment. Pupil diameter is typically enlarged after brain damage or sympathetic nervous activation. Adequate seizure induction using ECT could induce pupillary enlargement immediately after electrical stimulation. In the current method, the constriction ratio of pupil size was calculated automatically and compared with seizure quality. Pupillary responses immediately after electrical stimulation may provide a useful assessment of the efficacy of seizure induction with ECT.

Pupillary responses (light reflex) were measured for assessment of adequate seizure induction by electroconvulsive therapy using an automated infrared pupillometer immediately after electrical stimulation. Constriction ratio was calculated and compared with seizure quality.

电惊厥治疗有效癫痫发作诱导的瞳孔反应评估

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is reported to be effective for severe neuropsychiatric disorders. In ECT, electrical stimulation is applied to the brain, ...

科研

JoVE Journal

行为学

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as potential presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the EZ in addition to Interictal Epileptiform Discharges (IEDs) and ictal activity. Although they are promising to localize the EZ, they are not yet suited for the diagnosis or monitoring of epilepsy in clinical practice. Primary barriers remain: the lack of a formal and global definition for HFOs; the consequent heterogeneity of methodological approaches used for their study; and the practical difficulties to detect and localize them noninvasively from scalp recordings. Here, we present a methodology for the recording, detection, and localization of interictal HFOs from pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. We report representative data of HFOs detected noninvasively from interictal scalp EEG and MEG from two children undergoing surgery.
The underlying generators of HFOs were localized by solving the inverse problem and their localization was compared to the Seizure Onset Zone (SOZ) as this was defined by the epileptologists. For both patients, Interictal Epileptogenic Discharges (IEDs) and HFOs were localized with source imaging at concordant locations. For one patient, intracranial EEG (iEEG) data were also available. For this patient, we found that the HFOs localization was concordant between noninvasive and invasive methods. The comparison of iEEG with the results from scalp recordings served to validate these findings. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that presents the source localization of scalp HFOs from simultaneous EEG and MEG recordings comparing the results with invasive recordings. These findings suggest that HFOs can be reliably detected and localized noninvasively with scalp EEG and MEG. We conclude that the noninvasive localization of interictal HFOs could significantly improve the presurgical evaluation for pediatric patients with epilepsy.

High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A methodology for the noninvasive recording, detection, and localization of HFOs with simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is presented.

同时用脑磁图和脑电图为小儿癫痫的生物标志物检测发作间期高频振动

Crucial to the success of epilepsy surgery is the availability of a robust biomarker that identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ). High Frequency ...

医学

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This method was first used to monitor newborns after asphyxia, providing information about future neurological outcomes. The aEEG is also helpful to select newborns who benefit from cooling. The aEEG monitoring of preterm infants is becoming more widespread, as various studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome is related to early aEEG tracings. Here, we demonstrate the application of the aEEG monitoring system and present typical patterns that depend upon gestational age and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we mention pitfalls in the interpretation of the aEEG, as this method requires accurate fixation and localization of the electrodes. Additionally, the raw EEG can be used to detect neonatal seizures or to identify aEEG application problems. In conclusion, aEEG is a safe and generally well-tolerated method for the bedside monitoring of neonatal cerebral function; it can even provide information about long-term outcome.

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Here, we show how to apply amplitude-integrated electroencephalography to monitor cerebral function in neonates.

Intermittent Photic Stimulation in Rabbit Model: A Technique to Induce Epileptic Seizures and Simultaneously Record Multisystem Parameters

成績單

Intermittent Photic Stimulation in Rabbit Model: A Technique to Induce Epileptic Seizures and Simultaneously Record Multisystem Parameters