<ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"><li> 幻象病变的制备（约38至48小时，准备幻象FNA的能力（图1）实际执业会议之前或利用FNA的来源，美国准备使用“AV幻影”幻象病变（没有冷冻冷藏条件下储存）保持甚至3至4天前的准备练习。 </li><li>实践FNA的能力：虽然我们已经证明使用过程Shidham的THFV（收割机的组织与功能阀）（FNA的来源，美国），其他任何活检系统可用于练习（图2）。 </li><li>传播和处理的玻片上的吸（图3）。 </li></ol>所需材料<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;"><li>清除硅橡胶填缝，可在很多施工/家装店。许多品牌都包括GETM，磷酸二铵，红魔鬼，白色的闪电，和当地的连锁品牌。我们用硅橡胶，白防雷产品，克利夫兰，美国俄亥俄州<a href="http://www.wlcaulk.com/products/all_purpose/silicone_rubber/wl09010.html">http://www.wlcaulk.com/products/all_purpose/silicone_rubber/wl09010.html</a> ） </li><li>压胶枪</li><li>一个一块保鲜膜板（我们使用萨兰保鲜加WRAP，美国庄臣父子公司，拉辛，威斯康星，美国<a href="http://www.saranbrands.com/plastic-wrap/index.asp">http://www.saranbrands.com/plastic-wrap/index.asp</a> </li><li>乳胶手套</li><li>宽直径的香蕉或香肠。 </li><li>事务所平底板（约6英寸x 6英寸）厚的卡板，亚克力板，或其他。 </li><li> FNA的表演设备<ul><li> 25计的注射针头</li><li> Shidham THFV（或执行FNA的其他组件） </li><li>载玻片</li><li>染色试剂盒</li></ul></li></ol>一步的步骤细节 A.准备（准备幻象1至2天前FNA的能力（图2）执业或利用FNA的来源，美国准备使用“AV幻影”幻影病变。 <ol><li>切6 × 6英寸大小支持板。 </li><li>剪下的“幻象病灶核心 ”（香蕉或香肠）的2.5英寸长的段。 </li><li>排出0.5英寸底板上的一层厚厚的填缝。 </li><li>轻轻按下“幻影病变核心”这层填缝。 </li><li>添加更多填缝“幻影病变核心”，因此，它是完全嵌入填缝土堆，没有捕获气泡。 </li><li>调整和形状的“幻象病灶核心 ”与戴手套的手的填缝。 </li><li>以保鲜膜一个6 × 6英寸大小的一块和覆盖填缝土堆，土堆表面用干净的，戴手套的手成光滑的凸配置调整。 </li><li>让填缝土堆治愈长于根据产品说明书中提到的固化时间为6-8小时，（通常为24小时），在温暖的地方。 </li><li>固化后，填缝应牢固，保鲜膜可以很容易揭下。 </li><li> FNA的幻象病变准备执业FNA程序后，约8小时时填缝整个土堆已经完全治愈的中心，包含“虚拟病变的核心 ”（香蕉或香肠） 。 </li></ol> B.实践AV幻影病变活检能力。 任何获得高品质的的方法，以优良的品质直接细胞学涂片足够的活检抽吸应解决以下关键点<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman;"><li>针规，在程序的标题所暗示，更细的针头（高计数量）产生更好地吸出，以最小的血液稀释。关键平衡的优点和局限性，22日至25表针针最佳的机械稳定性，在不影响活检吸质量的首选。 </li><li>控制在适当的活检在真空中的应用和释放序列的过程，这是至关重要的，以便对针枢纽，推进每一针中风的采样细胞。然而，不应该被允许的吸气材料用注射器的针吸大会面积达到。如果这是无法阻止的，材料可能很难检索涂片（然而，这种材料可被用于细胞块制备或浓度的方法，如Cytospin，过滤器的方法，或最近的液基细胞学检查的准备工作）。 </li><li>发展适当的技能， 在吸气标本的处理，包括直接涂片制备及现场充足评估与辅助检查，如细 ​​胞块免疫细胞化学选修，选修淋巴组织增生性病变的免疫表型流式细胞仪准备适当分流，提交微生物的无菌通行证研究中，和队友（细胞遗传学等）的分子检测里亚尔。 </li></ol> 坝表演FNA程序（Shidham的THFV所示[1]（FNA的来源，美国）;然而，任何其他的FNA系统可用于练习）（图3,4,5） 。 <ol><li>阀门关闭，准备活检大会。 </li><li>找到病变部位，然后插入针尖在病灶。 </li><li>打开阀门，通过其尖端的针，连接真空吸代表病变的细胞成分 ，与每个到病变部位来回中风。 </li><li>针插入病变在不同的方向，保持对病灶的真空和样品的不同领域。 </li><li>关闭阀门，拔下针管腔内的真空。 </li><li>均衡的压力与环境条件（例如，从针头注射器阀一瞬间断开和重新连接，如果使用特殊装置内置的步骤，如“THFV&#39;，是，这和从BA1通过BA6其他步骤是一致的自动阀系统按照不同的步骤）[1]。 </li><li>从病灶取出针与阀关闭，以防止通过毛细作用进入病灶标本的损失，除非有轻微的负压力枢纽年底。 </li><li>打跑的载玻片上，吸气内容，准备直接涂片（见下文）（图6）。 </li></ol> BB。吸气标本适当分流处理 传播玻片吸和编制质量良好（图6）直接涂片，其次是适当的染色和分流（图7,8）。 <ol><li>一滴于载玻片上抛下吸传播的各种方法，如（图6）[2]。通常的做法是“A”。然而，如果试样是与一些microfragments稀释血液，多余的血是退掉倾斜幻灯片，然后microfragments类似&#39;A&#39;这个幻灯片和第二载玻片之间传播。如果吸主要是没有暂停，从淋巴组织增生性病变如microfragments，它是传播类似&#39;B&#39;或&#39;c&#39;。 </li><li>涂片可在各种不同的染色方法方法处理，并固定在现场充足评估。然而，最好的办法是风干所有的污迹。 Romanowski污渍（如Difff快客染色，瑞氏染色）后，甲醇固定，或与子宫颈抹片，风干涂片可染色，染色后生理盐水补液，后固定（在95％的乙醇或95％的乙醇最好用5 ％乙酸）[3]。由于模糊血消除干扰是一个明显的好处[3]。 </li><li>根据现场充足评估期间的初步cytomorphologic调查结果，建议额外的分流（如选修单元块，电子显微镜，微生物学文化，流式细胞仪，分子检测，细胞遗传学等）表示。 </li></ol>代表性的成果： <img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig1tmb.jpg" alt="图1" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig1.jpg">看到图1的放大版本，请点击</a>这里。 图1。准备影音幻影练FNA的能力所需的材料（*我们使用萨兰保鲜膜，没有坚持在年底填缝，而删除的嵌缝膏完全固化后。） <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig2tmb.jpg" alt="图2" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig2.jpg">请点击这里看大图图2。</a> 图2准备影音幻影病变。 <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig3tmb.jpg" alt="图3" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig3.jpg">图3看到一个更大的版本，请点击这里</a> 。 图3。活检过程中的关键步骤。 <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig4tmb.jpg" alt="图4" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig4.jpg">图4看到一个更大的版本，请点击这里</a> 。 图4。EUS - FNA的关键步骤摘要*（见图3） <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig5tmb.jpg" alt="图5" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig5.jpg">请点击这里看大图图5。</a> 图5。陷阱活检进程的关键步骤edure。 <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig6tmb.jpg" alt="图6" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig6.jpg">请点击这里看大图图6。</a> 图6两个幻灯片之间的活检标本直接涂片的制备。 <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig7tmb.jpg" alt="图7" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig7.jpg">图7看到一个更大的版本，请点击这里</a> 。 图7。湿固定与风干涂片。 <hr style="border-bottom:1px dotted #999999;" /><img border="0" src="/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig8tmb.jpg" alt="图8" /> <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/1404/1404fig8.jpg">请点击这里看大图图8。</a> 图8。湿固定与风干涂片。

<ol>
	<li>Shidham, V. B., Pandit, A. W., Rao, R. N., Basir, Z., Shidham, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Harvester+with+Functional+Valve+(THFV):+Shidham's+device+for+reproducibly+higher+specimen+yield+by+fine+needle+aspiration+biopsy+with+easy+to+perform+steps.">Tissue Harvester with Functional Valve (THFV): Shidham's device for reproducibly higher specimen yield by fine needle aspiration biopsy with easy to perform steps.</a> BMC Clinical Pathology. 7 (2), (2007).</li><li>Shidham, V. B., Epple, J., Shidham, V. B., Atkinson, B. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AppendiX+I:+Collection+and+processing+of+effusion+fluids+for+cytopathologic+evaluation.">AppendiX I: Collection and processing of effusion fluids for cytopathologic evaluation.</a> , 207-235 (2007).</li><li>Shidham, V., Kampalath, B., England, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Routine+air+drying+of+all+the+smears+prepared+during+fine+needle+aspiration+and+intraoperative+cytology+studies:+An+opportunity+to+practice+a+unified+protocol,+offering+the+flexibility+of+choosing+variety+of+staining+methods.">Routine air drying of all the smears prepared during fine needle aspiration and intraoperative cytology studies: An opportunity to practice a unified protocol, offering the flexibility of choosing variety of staining methods.</a> Acta Cytologica. (45), 60-68 (2001).</li></ol>

细针穿刺活检（FNAB）被广泛作为一种经济，安全，快速的微创组织各种肿瘤和病变的诊断技术。在此过程中，一个18至27号针头插入到病变部位，来回移动多次在病变部位的不同地区根据不同的强度，范围从最小的只有毛细作用形成约10毫升控制的真空（吸）真空注射器检索诊断组织材料。一个人数较多的细针头是首选检索良好的细胞学材料，准备直接涂片检查。更多针头18G检索更多的样本适合细胞块，流式细胞仪，电子显微镜，细胞遗传学，微生物学文化等，虽然过程很简单，控制各种适当的应用程序和真空释放在适当的步骤，协调一致地步骤是非常关键的为达到最佳效果。 由于专门设计的高收益针，传统的皮下注射器针头或修改的非可用性，是用来执行此过程。然而，注射针头有诸多限制，导致产量低的样品，如果用传统方式。特殊的注射器夹具的要求通常会增加程序的复杂性。因此，由于缺乏适合市售FNAB针设备，患有这种高度灵活的程序不足标本检索的一个经常出现的问题。近日，设备，提高产量与可重复性已经报道[1]。 此外，目前还缺乏一个合适的模型练习熟练卫生人员进行培训，包括居民和研究员FNAB。我们一块新鲜的牛肝脏乳胶手套塞进执业FNAB能力模型进行了标准化。然而，这种模式是很难在短时间内组织。采购新鲜的牛肝脏通常是限制的困境。此外，肝脏处理可能引进作为一项重大的借鉴污染的相关因素。乳胶手套的倾向，泄漏后几个针头刺破导致潜在的烂摊子，在练习。 我们的报告，并描述了一个新颖而简单的方法，市售的硅橡胶嵌缝膏和其他容易获得的材料中嵌入一个小块的香蕉（或香肠）。 FNAB幻象保留真空密封，从而使材料从嵌入式的标本，相当于病变在临床上的实际FNAB程序的愿望。在这段视频中，我们展示了FNAB幻象病变和实践FNAB程序的过程。这也表明在简短的检索标本的处理，包括涂片制备和染色[2,3]。 由于填缝需要时间来治愈，幻象病变应准备提前约24至48小时，执业会议之前。可比准备使用幻像病变可从商业来源（FNA的来源，美国）。 幻象病变执业FNAB能力，可用于培训的居民和研究员的患者在临床上表现FNAB开始前。

preparation and using phantom lesions to practice fine needle aspiration biopsies

目前，卫生工作者，包括居民和研究员没有一个合适的幻象模型，以实践的细针穿刺活检（FNAB）程序。在过去，我们的标准化模型乳胶手套含有新鲜牛肝脏执业FNAB组成。然而，这种模式是很难在短时间内与采购新鲜的牛肝脏中最具挑战性的的一个环节，组织和准备​​。肝脏处理与污染有关的问题，也是一个重要的拉回。此外，手套材料的泄漏通过几针后，造成的烂摊子。 我们已经建立了一个简单的方法，在市售的硅橡胶填缝嵌入一小块香肠或香蕉的小说。这种模式允许保留材料的真空密封和愿望嵌入式标本相似，临床上的肿块实际FNAB程序，。 针枢纽的吸气材料可以处理类似采购的标本，在实际FNAB过程中，促进涂片制备和染色额外的能力。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Using Phantom Lesions to Practice Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies at JoVE.com

Preparation and Using Phantom Lesions to Practice Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies

细针穿刺活检（FNAB）执业学员是比较具有挑战性的，由于缺乏一个容易获得的，适当的病变。准备的AV幻象执业FNAB程序和掌握的熟练程度的病变是比较容易的。

制备及使用幻影病变实践细针穿刺活检

Currently, health workers including residents and fellows do not have a suitable phantom model to practice the fine- needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) ...

preparation-using-phantom-lesions-to-practice-fine-needle-aspiration

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

17.9K 次观看.  University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee. 细针穿刺活检（FNAB）执业学员是比较具有挑战性的，由于缺乏一个容易获得的，适当的病变。准备的AV幻象执业FNAB程序和掌握的熟练程度的病变是比较容易的。

视频: Preparation and Using Phantom Lesions to Practice Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies

Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid

Historically, heart, liver, and kidney biopsies were performed to demonstrate amyloid deposits in amyloidosis. Since the clinical presentation of this disease is so variable and non-specific, the associated risks of these biopsies are too great for the diagnostic yield. Other sites that have a lower biopsy risk, such as skin or gingival, are also relatively invasive and expensive. In addition, these biopsies may not always have sufficient amyloid deposits to establish a diagnosis. Fat pad aspiration has demonstrated good clinical correlation with low cost and minimal morbidity. However, there are no standardized protocols for performing this procedure or processing the aspirated specimen, which leads to variable and nonreproducible results. The most frequently utilized modality for detecting amyloid in tissue is an apple-green birefringence on Congo red stained sections using a polarizing microscope. This technique requires cell block preparation of aspirated material. Unfortunately, patients presenting in early stage of amyloidosis have minimal amounts of amyloid which greatly reduces the sensitivity of Congo red stained cell block sections of fat pad aspirates. Therefore, ultrastructural evaluation of fat pad aspirates by electron microscopy should be utilized, given its increased sensitivity for amyloid detection. This article demonstrates a simple and reproducible procedure for performing anterior fat pad aspiration for the detection of amyloid utilizing both Congo red staining of cell block sections and electron microscopy for ultrastructural identification.

Fat pad aspiration is a preferred, minimally invasive, and low cost approach as compared to other methods to detect amyloid for diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. This video article demonstrates a procedural outline for performing fat pad aspiration with appropriate processing of the specimen for the optimal diagnostic outcome.

表演和加工为淀粉样蛋白前脂肪垫活检

Historically, heart, liver, and kidney biopsies were performed to demonstrate amyloid deposits in amyloidosis.  Since the clinical presentation of this ...

科研

医学

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

World Health Organization (WHO) and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) working groups advocated standardized criteria for radiologic assessment of solid tumors in response to anti-tumor drug therapy in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. WHO criteria measure solid tumors in two-dimensions, whereas RECIST measurements use only one-dimension which is considered to be more reproducible 1, 2, 3,4,5. These criteria have been widely used as the only imaging biomarker approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 6. In order to measure tumor response to anti-tumor drugs on images with accuracy, therefore, a robust quality assurance (QA) procedures and corresponding QA phantom are needed.
To address this need, the authors constructed a preclinical multimodality (for ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) phantom using tissue-mimicking (TM) materials based on the limited number of target lesions required by RECIST by revising a Gammex US commercial phantom 7. The Appendix in Lee et al. demonstrates the procedures of phantom fabrication 7. In this article, all protocols are introduced in a step-by-step fashion beginning with procedures for preparing the silicone molds for casting tumor-simulating test objects in the phantom, followed by preparation of TM materials for multimodality imaging, and finally construction of the preclinical multimodality QA phantom. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide the protocols to allow anyone interested in independently constructing a phantom for their own projects. QA procedures for tumor size measurement, and RECIST, WHO and volume measurement results of test objects made at multiple institutions using this QA phantom are shown in detail in Lee et al. 8.

This paper describes in-house procedures of constructing a preclinical multimodality phantom made of tissue-mimicking (TM) materials for quality assurance (QA) of tumor size measurement in animal imaging modalities such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

幻影使用肿瘤尺寸测量的质量保证组织模仿材料的潜伏期多模工程

World Health Organization (WHO) and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) working groups advocated standardized criteria for ...

生物工程

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Accumulating evidence suggests that molecular and biological properties differ in melanoma cells grown in traditional two-dimensional tissue culture vessels versus in vivo in human patients. This is due to the bottleneck selection of clonal populations of melanoma cells that can robustly grow in vitro in the absence of physiological conditions. Further, responses to therapy in two-dimensional tissue cultures overall do not faithfully reflect responses to therapy in melanoma patients, with the majority of clinical trials failing to show the efficacy of therapeutic combinations shown to be effective in vitro. Although xenografting of melanoma cells into mice provides the physiological in vivo context absent from two-dimensional tissue culture assays, the melanoma cells used for engraftment have already undergone bottleneck selection for cells that could grow under two-dimensional conditions when the cell line was established. The irreversible alterations that occur as a consequence of the bottleneck include changes in growth and invasion properties, as well as the loss of specific subpopulations. Therefore, models that better recapitulate the human condition in vivo may better predict therapeutic strategies that effectively increase the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) technique involves the direct implantation of tumor cells from the human patient to a mouse recipient. In this manner, tumor cells are consistently grown under physiological stresses in vivo and never undergo the two-dimensional bottleneck, which preserves the molecular and biological properties present when the tumor was in the human patient. Notable, PDX models derived from organ sites of metastases (i.e., brain) display similar metastatic capacity, while PDX models derived from therapy naive patients and patients with acquired resistance to therapy (i.e., BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy) display similar sensitivity to therapy.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more robustly recapitulate melanoma molecular and biological features and are more predictive of therapy response compared to traditional plastic tissue culture-based assays. Here we describe our standard operating protocol for the establishment of new PDX models and the characterization/experimentation of existing PDX models.

黑色素瘤患者衍生异种移植模型

Accumulating evidence suggests that molecular and biological properties differ in melanoma cells grown in traditional two-dimensional tissue culture ...

癌症研究

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Optical imaging, in particular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, might reduce the frequency of positive surgical margins following BCS by providing the surgeon with a tool for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization in real-time. In the current study, the potential of NIRF-guided BCS is evaluated using tissue-simulating breast phantoms for reasons of standardization and training purposes.
Breast phantoms with optical characteristics comparable to those of normal breast tissue were used to simulate breast conserving surgery. Tumor-simulating inclusions containing the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) were incorporated in the phantoms at predefined locations and imaged for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization, real-time NIRF-guided tumor resection, NIRF-guided evaluation on the extent of surgery, and postoperative assessment of surgical margins. A customized NIRF camera was used as a clinical prototype for imaging purposes.
Breast phantoms containing tumor-simulating inclusions offer a simple, inexpensive, and versatile tool to simulate and evaluate intraoperative tumor imaging. The gelatinous phantoms have elastic properties similar to human tissue and can be cut using conventional surgical instruments. Moreover, the phantoms contain hemoglobin and intralipid for mimicking absorption and scattering of photons, respectively, creating uniform optical properties similar to human breast tissue. The main drawback of NIRF imaging is the limited penetration depth of photons when propagating through tissue, which hinders (noninvasive) imaging of deep-seated tumors with epi-illumination strategies.

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging may improve therapeutic outcome of breast cancer surgery by enabling intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status. Using tissue-simulating breast phantoms containing fluorescent tumor-simulating inclusions, potential clinical applications of NIRF imaging in breast cancer patients can be assessed for standardization and training purposes.

组织鬼怪模拟，以评估乳癌手术潜在的近红外荧光成像中的应用

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery ...

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules

Lung nodule evaluation represents a clinical challenge especially in patients with intermediate risk for malignancy. Multiple technologies are presently available to sample nodules for pathological diagnosis. Those technologies can be divided into bronchoscopic and non-bronchoscopic interventions. Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy is being extensively used for the endobronchial approach to peripheral lung nodules but has been hindered by anatomic challenges resulting in a 70% diagnostic yield. Electromagnetic navigational guided transthoracic needle lung biopsy is novel non-bronchoscopic method that uses a percutaneous electromagnetic tip tracked needle to obtain core biopsy specimens. Electromagnetic navigational transthoracic needle aspiration complements bronchoscopic techniques potentially allowing the provider to maximize the diagnostic yield during one single procedure. This article describes a novel integrated diagnostic approach to pulmonary lung nodules. We propose the use of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for mediastinal staging; radial EBUS, navigational bronchoscopy and E-TTNA during one single procedure to maximize diagnostic yield and minimize the number of invasive procedures needed to obtain a diagnosis. This manuscript describes in detail how the navigation transthoracic procedure is performed. Additional clinical studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of this novel technology.

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules

We describe the novel use of electromagnetic navigational guided transthoracic needle aspiration for the pathologic assessment of human lung nodules.

用于肺内结节样利用电磁导航肺穿刺抽吸术（E-TTNA）的

Lung nodule evaluation represents a clinical challenge especially in patients with intermediate risk for malignancy. Multiple technologies are presently ...

Hand-held Clinical Photoacoustic Imaging System for Real-time Non-invasive Small Animal Imaging

Translation of photoacoustic imaging into the clinic is a major challenge. Handheld real-time clinical photoacoustic imaging systems are very rare. Here, we report a combined photoacoustic and clinical ultrasound imaging system by integrating an ultrasound probe with light delivery for small animal imaging. We demonstrate this by showing sentinel lymph node imaging in small animals along with minimally invasive real-time needle guidance. A clinical ultrasound platform with access to raw channel data allows the integration of photoacoustic imaging leading to a handheld real-time clinical photoacoustic imaging system. Methylene blue was used for sentinel lymph node imaging at 675 nm wavelength. Additionally, needle guidance with dual modal ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging was shown using the imaging system. Depth imaging of up to 1.5 cm was demonstrated with a 10 Hz laser at a photoacoustic imaging frame rate of 5 frames per second.

A clinical handheld photoacoustic imaging system will be demonstrated for real-time non-invasive small animal imaging.

手持式实时非侵入性小动物成像的临床光声成像系统

Translation of photoacoustic imaging into the clinic is a major challenge. Handheld real-time clinical photoacoustic imaging systems are very rare. Here, ...

Detection of Extravascular Trypanosoma Parasites by Fine Needle Aspiration

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a routine diagnostic procedure essential to both medical and veterinary practices. It consists of the percutaneous aspiration of cells and/or microorganisms from palpable masses, organs or effusions (fluid accumulation in a body cavity) using a thin needle similar to the regular needle used for the venous puncture. The material collected by FNA is in general highly cellular, and the retrieved aspirate is then smeared, air dried, wet-fixed, stained and observed under a microscope. In the clinical context, FNA is an important diagnostic tool that serves as a guide to the appropriate therapeutic management. Because it is simple, fast, minimally invasive and requires limited investment in the laboratory and human resources, it is extensively used by veterinary practitioners, mostly in domestic, but also in farm animals. In studies using animal models, FNA has the advantage that it can be performed repeatedly in the same animal, enabling longitudinal studies through the collection of cells from tumors and organs/tissues over the course of the disease. In addition to routine microscopy, retrieved material can also be used for immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, molecular biology or in vitro assays. FNA has been used to identify the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei in the gonads of infected mice, opening the possibility for a future diagnosis in cattle.

Detection of Extravascular Trypanosoma Parasites by Fine Needle Aspiration

Fine Needle Aspiration is a technique, whereby cells are obtained from a lesion or organ using a thin needle. Aspirated material is smeared, stained and examined under a microscope for diagnosis or used for molecular biology, cytometry or in vitro analysis. It is cheap, simple, quick and causes minimal trauma.

细针吸入检测血管外胰腺瘤寄生虫

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a routine diagnostic procedure essential to both medical and veterinary practices. It consists of the percutaneous ...

免疫与感染

Micro-Ultrasound Guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Clinic-Based Procedure

Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignancy in men and requires a biopsy for diagnosis. This manuscript describes a freehand micro-ultrasound guided transperineal technique performed under local anesthesia, which maintains accuracy, keeps patients comfortable, has low adverse events, and minimizes the need for disposables. Prior micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal techniques required general or spinal anesthesia. The key steps described in the protocol include (1) the placement of the local anesthesia, (2) micro-ultrasound imaging, (3) and the visualization of the anesthetic/biopsy needle while uncoupled from the insonation plane. A retrospective review of 100 patients undergoing this technique demonstrated a 68% clinically significant cancer detection rate. Pain scores were prospectively collected in a subset of patients (N = 20) and showed a median procedural pain score of 2 out of 10. The 30 day Grade III adverse event rate was 3%; one of these events was probably related to the prostate biopsy. Overall, we present a simple, accurate, and safe technique for performing a micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>显微超声引导下经会阴前列腺活检：一种基于临床的手术

This manuscript outlines the steps for performing a micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy under local anesthesia.

显微超声引导下经会阴前列腺活检：一种基于临床的手术

Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignancy in men and requires a biopsy for diagnosis. This manuscript describes a freehand micro-ultrasound ...

A Stepwise Approach for Performing Ultrasound Guided Transthoracic Lung Biopsy

Diagnosing patients with radiological lung lesions, especially those suspected of having primary lung cancer, is a common and critical clinical scenario. When selecting the most suitable invasive procedure to establish a diagnosis in these cases, a delicate balance must be struck between achieving a high diagnostic yield, providing staging information, minimizing potential complications, enhancing the patient experience, and controlling costs. The integration of thoracic ultrasound as a routine clinical tool in respiratory medicine has led to increased awareness and utilization of ultrasound-guided invasive techniques in chest procedures, including transthoracic biopsies. By following a systematic and stepwise approach, transthoracic ultrasound-guided lung biopsy emerges as a safe, cost-effective procedure with a remarkable diagnostic accuracy. These attributes collectively position it as an ideal invasive technique when technically feasible. Consequently, in patients presenting subpleural lung lesions suspected of malignancy, transthoracic ultrasound-guided lung biopsy has become a standard procedure in the realm of modern invasive pulmonology.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>超声引导下经胸肺活检的阶梯式方法

Transthoracic ultrasound-guided lung biopsy represents a safe, cost-effective, and efficient approach for patients presenting with subpleural lung lesions suspected of malignancy. Employing a systematic, step-by-step process is crucial to achieve optimal patient selection, minimize complication risks, and maximize diagnostic accuracy.

超声引导下经胸肺活检的阶梯式方法

Diagnosing patients with radiological lung lesions, especially those suspected of having primary lung cancer, is a common and critical clinical scenario. ...

制备及使用幻影病变实践细针穿刺活检

摘要

探索更多视频

表演和加工为淀粉样蛋白前脂肪垫活检

幻影使用肿瘤尺寸测量的质量保证组织模仿材料的潜伏期多模工程

黑色素瘤患者衍生异种移植模型

组织鬼怪模拟，以评估乳癌手术潜在的近红外荧光成像中的应用

用于肺内结节样利用电磁导航肺穿刺抽吸术（E-TTNA）的

手持式实时非侵入性小动物成像的临床光声成像系统

细针吸入检测血管外胰腺瘤寄生虫

显微超声引导下经会阴前列腺活检：一种基于临床的手术

显微超声引导下经会阴前列腺活检：一种基于临床的手术

超声引导下经胸肺活检的阶梯式方法