我们要承认莱纳斯D.太阳和Jeenah荣，起源于使用电脑设计，3 - D印在我们的实验室中的驱动器，记录小鼠。此外，我们要感谢所有过去和现在的威尔逊实验室成员的贡献微驱动器和四极管在实验室的技术开发。

<ol><li> 微驱动器的阵列概述 一个完整的微型驱动器阵列由几个主要组成部分（图1）： <ol><li>一个拥有21独立可移动的微型驱动器的计算机设计的塑料底座。 </li><li>在收集了一套固定的四极导管的基底部的套管。 </li><li> 21微驱动器，各携带一个四极管和可以单独驱动使用一个螺丝钉。 </li><li>电极为四极管和前置放大器之间的互连接口板。 </li><li>保护锥（不会显示在图1） </li><li>在完全组装的微型驱动器阵列，塑料基地，拥有所有的微型驱动器。每个微驱动器进行单一的四极。四极是电气连接电极接口板的微型驱动器阵列的顶部，并通过固定导管，退出对​​大脑的微驱动器阵列的底部。打开每个微驱动器的进步或缩回的四极螺钉。 </li></ol></li> <li> 塑料底座的设计 在一个3 - D CAD软件包（SolidWorks的），我们设计的微型驱动器组装基地。这房子的设计过程的优点是快速周转和设计的灵活性。在威尔逊实验室，我们设计了许多变种这一部分，对每个实验的具体要求，面向。 3 - D模型文件发送到使用光固化树脂激光固化的液体，它是从印刷服务局。周转时间只有2天。由此产生的部分是轻量级的，可重复使用的的，可以加工成一个线程持有。在这个协议中，我们将使用一个驱动器是一个单一的录制现场，并拥有21个微型驱动器设计的基础。 SolidWorks设计文件要求提供。 </li> <li> 塑料底座的制备 塑料基处理，以适应微驱动器和螺丝连接电极接口板和防护锥。是不可能可靠地打印在塑料基通孔顺利，所以我们设计不足的孔，然后展开钻孔。小心地将现有的孔与轴前的钻头钻在非常低的速度。一个变量的速度/转矩的手钻这个任务。 <ol><li>钻孔的微驱动器的螺丝，使用61位（外圈）的21个试点孔。 </li><li>微型驱动器使用65位的支撑管（内圈）钻21孔。 </li><li>钻的孔将用于连接电极的接口板和使用防护锥一个1.55毫米的位。 </li><li>按适合使用镊子或钳子孔内环每一个套管（5毫米长20嘎薄壁不锈钢管），因此，它是与塑料底座平齐。袖子确保平稳运动的微型驱动器支撑管。 接下来，所有的孔，将举行螺钉被挖掘出来。在印刷塑料，螺纹自成形水龙头比典型的线程切割水龙头更耐用的线程的结果。这种风格的自来水需要较大的导孔。使用手持针老虎钳按住水龙头： </li> <li>点选微型驱动器使用的自来水，与正在使用的螺丝大小（M1.2x0.25）和干式润滑剂的螺丝的孔。为了帮助协调与先导孔的水龙头，插入旁边的袖子长度23日嘎管。 </li><li>我们的塑料底座的设计功能，为每一个微驱动器的螺丝孔，以确保初始线程在线程的过程中损坏的自来水起动。毕竟有螺纹孔，这些挖掘初学者可以很容易折断使用刀片。 </li><li>塔将于电极接口板和使用1-72挖掘保护锥螺丝的孔。 </li></ol></li> <li> 电极导管插入 <ol> <li>为了使所有固定电极导管插管，持有，削减了13 GA不锈钢管1.5厘米长片，并与DREMEL砂轮打磨表面的附着力，以加强牙科丙烯酸。 </li><li>在塑料底座的底部孔插入导管，确认它是与垂直轴驱动器的共线性，安全与牙科丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂。保留的暴露，以方便手术植入的导管5至7毫米。 </li><li>剪下21固定电极导管（灵活的聚酰亚胺管，内径：0.0071：0.0116，外径“）用刀片到6厘米的长度。 </li><li>饲料导管一次到驱动器基地，通过集热器底部的套管顶部的袖子。如有必要，扭结或过度弯曲和更换管目视检查。为了便于和四极导管插入平行排列，就可以开始与第一个整捆的21个导管送入从下面的集热器套管。然后，一次一个，从捆绑中删除一个导管和饲料通过孔塑料底座的顶部，它留在后面的捆绑。 </li><li>导管推下来，直到他们把塑料底座的顶部只有1-2毫米。应用少量的氰基丙烯酸酯胶薄管，因为他们退出的集热器套管，小心不要让任何胶水流进入导管年底。 </li><li>使用一个新的刀片切断导管束在集热器套管底部多余的。 </li> </ol></li><li> 微驱动器的制作 每个微驱动器包括一个定制加工的螺钉和空心支撑管（图2）。螺杆和支撑管连接在一起，嘴唇上的螺丝钉嵌入在丙烯酸，离开自由旋转螺丝（图2B）。螺纹螺杆塑料底座，然后带动了支撑管或向下转动螺丝时，提前或收回它携带的四极。为了便于调整行为动物，螺丝头是在一个半圆柱体的形状。制作自定义为这个螺丝起子： <ol><li> 15 GA不锈钢管切5厘米。 </li><li>以自定义的螺丝和研磨凸出唇。 </li><li>插入油管的螺丝，直到顶部的螺丝与管端平齐。 </li><li>粉碎周围螺纹管反复用一双​​钳使螺丝不能旋转套管。 </li><li>使用PIN老虎钳来保存自定义的螺丝刀。 编造的微驱动器，我们使用一个3 - D印刷的塑料模具与小水井（3毫米x 5毫米，2毫米深）。每口井有两个孔，在底部的表面，支撑管和螺丝，间距为2毫米。此外，模具可如聚甲醛工程塑料制造，使用一台钻床，创造良好，孔。 </li> <li>准备结算的支持套管使用了23 Ga的针和塑料底座，上面所述的螺丝孔，攻丝孔的模具。 </li><li>线的聚四氟乙烯润滑剂或凡士林薄膜，以便释放牙科丙烯酸固化后从模具以及​​内部.. </li><li>聚四氟乙烯润滑剂应用到一个螺丝钉，把它插入到模具使用定制螺丝刀，直到线程略低于井底。 </li><li>粗糙，用砂轮增强粘附牙科丙烯酸一个14毫米长的支撑管顶部2-3毫米（23 GA不锈钢管）。插入模具，直到导管顶部中间以及顶部和顶部的螺丝。 </li><li>倒入以及牙科丙烯酸。是用来搅拌的议案，以确保牙科丙烯酸到周围所有的螺丝和支撑管的空间流动。删除任何气泡，用小针。 </li><li>等待，直到彻底治愈牙科丙烯酸（15-30分钟），然后从模具中删除反顺时针转动螺丝微型驱动器。 </li><li>重要的是做一个微驱动器的质量检查。检查治愈裂缝和/或气泡，这通常是由牙科丙烯酸，过厚或过薄造成牙齿丙烯酸。另外，确保螺丝和支撑管是相互平行的，螺丝轮流顺利。从牙科丙烯酸及循环再造的，不符合这些标准的微型驱动器的螺丝和支撑管可以被破解。 </li><li>重复步骤5.6到5.11，直到你有21个微型驱动器。 </li></ol></li> <li> 微驱动器阵列的最后组装<ol> <li>下到每个微驱动器的塑料驱动器的基本。每个微驱动器支撑管内外套筒和超过其固定导管应平稳移动。检查，以确保导管不扣微驱动器正在降低。 </li><li>随着微型驱动器完全降低，加一层薄薄的牙科丙烯酸的驱动器的基本内部固定在电极导管。 </li><li>请注意，降低之前，所有的方式加入牙科丙烯酸的微型硬盘的失败将导致丙烯酸了袖子和微驱动器运动的阻碍排汗一路。 </li><li>标签的微驱动器1-21。 </li><li>打开驱动器阵列倒挂，采取导管束的图片。这张照片将用于地图位置对应到每个微驱动器的导管。 </li><li>所有的微型驱动器提高几个毫米。 </li><li>插入聚酰亚胺载体到每个从驱动器的基本底部的导管管（0.005“），让承运人管延长1-2毫米的全面降低了微驱动器和记录的顶部，从照片上的身份相应的微型驱动器。 </li><li>粘承运人管使用5分钟环氧树脂或氰基丙烯酸酯胶的微驱动器支撑管。注胶或环氧树脂，太薄会流下来了支持套管和妨碍自由运动的微型驱动器，或者更糟，解决它的引导导管。如果发生这种情况，特别是微型驱动单元不能使用。 </li><li>全面降低所有的微型驱动器。在集热器套管底部平齐使用新鲜的刀片切断所有的运营商管。 </li><li>最后，安装Neuralynx电极接口板驱动器的基本使用两个螺钉（大小：1-72，长度：3 / 16“）。 </li></ol></li></ol>在这一点上，准备与四极管装入驱动器阵列。制造的四极管，如何加载到微驱动器，以及如何准备手术植入驱动器阵列，随后视频文章的主题。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1094/Figure1.png" alt="图1" /> 图1。成品微型驱动器阵列的型号。一个微驱动器阵列由几个主要部分组成：塑料驱动器基地;从四极管进入大脑一个收藏家套管; 21微驱动器，每个驱动器的单四极管;电极接口板连接到前置放大器组成。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1094/Figure2.png" alt="图2" /> 图2定制微驱动器的螺丝。A.自定义的螺杆设计技术图纸。螺杆采用了螺纹部分（M1.2x0.25;直径1.2毫米，0.25毫米/转），一个半缸盖匹配定制螺丝刀和顺利与唇的一部分（见详细）B.模型完整的微驱动器。牙科水泥支撑管和定制螺丝连接。唇部上的螺丝钉是嵌入在牙科水泥和自由旋转允许驾驶时向上或向下的支撑管。 附加文件我们设计印刷的驱动器基地，保护锥和2008年在SolidWorks 3D CAD软件的微型驱动器建设的模具： <ul style="list-style-type:none;"><li>下载文件： <a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/DriveBase.SLDPRT">DriveBase.sldprt</a>其中包含驱动器的基础和保护锥和第模型。 </li><li>下载文件： <a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/MicroDriveMold.SLDPRT">MicroDriveMold.sldprt</a>其中包含的微驱动器的模具模型</li></ul>三维打印服务局不能直接处理原始的SolidWorks文件，而是需要在光固化CAD格式（STL）的设计文件。人谁没有访问SolidWorks软件，但仍然想用视频文章中使用的印刷部分，我们包括在STL格式以及设计： <ul style="list-style-type:none;"><li>下载文件： <a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/DriveBase.STL">DriveBase.stl</a>其中包含驱动器的基本模型</li><li>其中包含的微型驱动器模具模式，下载文件<a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/MicroDriveMold.STL">：</a> MicroDriveMold.stl </li><li>下载文件： <a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/ProtectionCap.STL">ProtectionCap.stl</a>其中包含第防护锥模型</li><li>下载文件： <a href="/files/ftp_upload/1094/ProtectionCone.STL">ProtectionCone.stl</a>其中包含保护锥模型</li></ul>

<ol>
	<li>Yamamoto, J., Wilson, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+chronically+implantable+precision+motorized+microdrive+array+for+freely+behaving+animals.">Large-scale chronically implantable precision motorized microdrive array for freely behaving animals.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 100 (4), 2430-2440 (2008).</li></ol>

本协议描述了微驱动器的建设过程中的一般特点。它已成功地修改，以产生多个录音的目标或在小鼠体内的录音较小的阵列驱动器阵列。除了海马记录，许多研究人员使用这些驱动器的目标皮层和皮层结构。可能需要使用较长的螺丝，以记录从更深层次的大脑结构。随着大量修改的驱动器的基本，机动驱动器可用于代替手工打开的，可以更精确，远程四极调整（山本和威尔逊，2008年）。定制固定...

<table><tbody><tr><td>3D-printed plastic parts</td><td>Material</td><td>American Precision Prototyping (www.approto.com)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>stainless steel tubing</td><td>Material</td><td>Small Parts (www.smallparts.com)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Dental cement powder</td><td>Material</td><td>A-M Systems (www.a-msystems.com)</td><td>525000</td></tr><tr><td>Dental cement solvent</td><td>Material</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>526000</td></tr><tr><td>Electrode interface board</td><td>Material</td><td>Neuralynx (www.neuralynx.com)</td><td>EIB-81</td></tr><tr><td>micro-drive screws</td><td>Material</td><td>Advanced Machining and Tooling (www.amtmfg.com)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;rsquo;Tap-Ease&amp;rsquo; tapping lubricant </td><td>Tool</td><td>AGS Company</td><td>TA-2</td></tr><tr><td>Polyimide tubing </td><td>Material</td><td>IWG High Performance Conductors (www.iwghpc.com)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Cordless drill/driver </td><td>Tool</td><td>DeWalt (www.dewalt.com)</td><td>DC750KA </td></tr><tr><td>Variable-Speed Rotary Tool Kit with Flex-Shaft </td><td>Tool</td><td>Dremel (www.dremel.com)</td><td>3956-02</td></tr><tr><td>Razor blades </td><td>Tool</td><td>VWR (www.vwr.com)</td><td>55411-050</td></tr><tr><td>Watch glass </td><td>Tool</td><td>VWR</td><td>66112-107</td></tr><tr><td>Tap for custom screws</td><td>Tool</td><td>Balax</td><td>01302</td></tr><tr><td>Taps</td><td>Tool</td><td>Small Parts</td><td>HSBT-0172, HSBT-0080 </td></tr><tr><td>Pin vise</td><td>Tool</td><td>Vargus</td><td>3SHC1--I </td></tr><tr><td>Drill bits</td><td>Tool</td><td>Small Parts</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Benchtop vise</td><td>Tool</td><td>Panavise</td><td>301</td></tr><tr><td>No.2 Dumont forceps</td><td>Tool</td><td>Stoelting (www.stoeltingco.com)</td><td>52100-27</td></tr><tr><td>5-minute epoxy</td><td>Tool</td><td>Allied Electronics (www.alliedelec.com)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Accu-Tek Carbofib Tip Tweezers</td><td>Tool</td><td>Aven (www.aveninc.com)</td><td>18768 (Pattern 304)</td></tr><tr><td>Micro Dissecting Scissors</td><td>Tool</td><td>Biomedical Research Instruments (www.biomedinstr.com)</td><td>25-1000</td></tr><tr><td>Xcelite 378M Pliers</td><td>Tool</td><td>Newark</td><td>96F8903</td></tr><tr><td>mini pin vise</td><td>Tool</td><td>MSC Industrial Supply (www.mscdirect.com)</td><td>00920314 </td></tr></tbody></table>

micro-drive array for chronic in vivo recording: drive fabrication

人口众多的神经元的慢性记录是一个有价值的技术研究在清醒行为大鼠的神经回路的功能。轻量级的录音设备，携带了四极管的高密度阵列允许为几十到数百个单个神经元活动的同步监测。在这里，我们描述了一个与二十一独立可移动的微型驱动器的微型驱动器阵列的制造协议。使用该设备已成功地从海马和皮层神经元在我们的实验室记录。我们将展示如何编写自定义设计，三维塑料印刷基地，将举行的微驱动器。我们将演示如何构建个人的微型驱动器和如何组装完整的微型驱动器阵列。进一步的准备手术植入的驱动器阵列，如四极管制造的四极管装入驱动器阵列和镀金，是覆盖在随后的视频文章。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication at JoVE.com

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

在这个协议中，我们将演示如何制造一个微驱动器阵列，在大鼠慢性电生理记录。

慢性的微型驱动器阵列在体内录音：驱动器的制造

Chronic recording of large populations of neurons is a valuable technique for studying the function of neuronal circuits in awake behaving rats. ...

micro-drive-array-for-chronic-in-vivo-recording-drive-fabrication

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

25.2K 次观看.  MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 在这个协议中，我们将演示如何制造一个微驱动器阵列，在大鼠慢性电生理记录。

视频: Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication

Construction of Microdrive Arrays for Chronic Neural Recordings in Awake Behaving Mice

State-of-the-art electrophysiological recordings from the brains of freely behaving animals allow researchers to simultaneously examine local field potentials (LFPs) from populations of neurons and action potentials from individual cells, as the animal engages in experimentally relevant tasks. Chronically implanted microdrives allow for brain recordings to last over periods of several weeks. Miniaturized drives and lightweight components allow for these long-term recordings to occur in small mammals, such as mice. By using tetrodes, which consist of tightly braided bundles of four electrodes in which each wire has a diameter of 12.5 &mu;m, it is possible to isolate physiologically active neurons in superficial brain regions such as the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and subiculum, as well as deeper regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. Moreover, this technique insures stable, high-fidelity neural recordings as the animal is challenged with a variety of behavioral tasks. This manuscript describes several techniques that have been optimized to record from the mouse brain. First, we show how to fabricate tetrodes, load them into driveable tubes, and gold-plate their tips in order to reduce their impedance from M&Omega; to K&Omega; range. Second, we show how to construct a custom microdrive assembly for carrying and moving the tetrodes vertically, with the use of inexpensive materials. Third, we show the steps for assembling a commercially available microdrive (Neuralynx VersaDrive) that is designed to carry independently movable tetrodes. Finally, we present representative results of local field potentials and single-unit signals obtained in the dorsal subiculum of mice. These techniques can be easily modified to accommodate different types of electrode arrays and recording schemes in the mouse brain.

The design and assembly of microdrives for in vivo electrophysiological recordings of brain signals from the mouse is described. By attaching microelectrode bundles to sturdy driveable carriers, these techniques allow for long-term and stable neural recordings. The lightweight design allows for unrestricted behavioral performance by the animal following drive implantation.

清醒的行为小鼠慢性神经录音的微型硬盘阵列建设

State-of-the-art electrophysiological recordings from the brains of freely behaving animals allow researchers to simultaneously examine local field ...

科研

行为学

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

In this video, Jason Rasgon discusses population replacement strategies to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. "Population replacement" is the replacement of wild vector populations (that are competent to transmit pathogens) with those that are not competent to transmit pathogens. There are several theoretical strategies to accomplish this. One is to exploit the maternally-inherited symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis. Wolbachia is a widespread reproductive parasite that spreads in a selfish manner at the extent of its host's fitness. Jason Rasgon discusses, in detail, the basic biology of this bacterial symbiont and various ways to use it for control of vector-borne diseases.

In this interview, Jason Rasgon explains the concept of genetic drive and the characteristics of an effective gene drive system. The use of the endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis, as a means to spread genes through mosquito populations, is hypothesized.

人口控制媒介种群和遗传的驱动器使用的Wolbachia pipientis替换策略

In this video, Jason Rasgon discusses population replacement strategies to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. "Population ...

生物学

Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

In chronic recording experiments, self-curing dental acrylic resins have been used as a mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis-probes. Since these acrylics do not bond to the bone, screws have been used as anchors. However, in small experimental animals like finches or mouse, their craniums are very fragile and can not successfully hold the anchors. In this report, we propose a new application of light-curing dental resins for mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis probes in chronic experiments. This material allows direct bonding to the cranium. Therefore, anchor screws are not required and surgical field can be reduced considerably. Past experiences show that the bonding effect maintains more than 2 months. Conventional resin's window of time when the materials are pliable and workable is a few minutes. However, the window of working time for these dental adhesives is significantly wider and adjustable.

In this report, we propose a new application of light-curing dental resins for mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis probes in chronic experiments. This material allows direct bonding to the cranium.

光固化牙科粘合树脂安装电极或微透析探针在慢性实验中的应用

In chronic recording experiments, self-curing dental acrylic resins have been used as a mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis-probes. Since these ...

Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin Sections of Mouse Epidermis Using Fluorescent Antibodies

In the epidermis, immunohistochemistry is an efficient means of localizing specific proteins to their relative expression compartment; namely the basal, suprabasal, and stratum corneum layers. The precise localization within the epidermis of a particular protein lends clues toward its functional role within the epidermis. In this chapter, we describe a reliable method for immunolocalization within the epidermis modified for both frozen and paraffin sections that we use very routinely in our laboratory. Paraffin sections generally provide much better morphology, hence, superior results and photographs; however, not all antibodies will work with the harsh fixation and treatment involved in their processing. Therefore, the protocol for frozen sectioning is also included. Within paraffin sectioning, two fixation protocols are described (Bouin's and paraformaldehyde); the choice of fixative will be directly related to the antibody specifications and may require another fixing method.

We describe a reliable method for immunolocalization within the epidermis modified for both frozen and paraffin sections that we use very routinely in our laboratory.

使用荧光抗体对小鼠表皮石蜡切片的免疫组织化学

In the epidermis, immunohistochemistry is an efficient means of localizing specific proteins to their relative expression compartment; namely the basal, ...

A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging

Imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important in the study brain function. Among them, two-photon laser scanning microscopy has emerged as an extremely useful method, because it allows the study of the live intact brain. With appropriate preparations, this technique allows the observation of the same cortical area chronically, from minutes to months. In this video, we show a preparation for chronic in vivo imaging of the brain using two-photon microscopy. This technique was initially pioneered by Dr. Karel Svoboda, who is now a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator at Janelia Farm. Preparations like the one shown here can be used for imaging of neocortical structure (e.g., dendritic and axonal dynamics),  to record neuronal activity using calcium-sensitive dyes, to image cortical blood flow dynamics, or for intrinsic optical imaging studies. Deep imaging of the neocortex is possible with optimal cranial window surgeries. Operating under the most sterile conditions possible to avoid infections, together with using extreme care to do not damage the dura mater during the surgery, will result in successful and long-lasting glass-covered cranial windows.


This video and protocol demonstrate how to implant a glass-covered cranial window in rodents. These preparations can be used for chronic in vivo two-photon imaging of the neocortex over time scales of months. It may also be used for other types of imaging, including optical intrinsic signal imaging.

一种慢性脑功能成像开颅手术过程

Imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important in the study brain function. Among them, two-photon laser scanning microscopy has emerged as an ...

Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential amplitude of action potential signatures over the channels of a tetrode allows for the isolation of single-unit activity from multi-unit signals.  The ability to precisely control the stereotaxic location and depth of the tetrode is critical for studying coordinated neural activity across brain regions.  In combination with a micro-drive array, it is possible to achieve precise placement and stable control of many tetrodes over the course of days to weeks.  In this protocol, we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes using basic tools and materials, install the tetrodes into a multi-drive tetrode array for chronic in-vivo recording in the rat, make ground wire connections to the micro-drive array, and attach a protective cone onto the micro-drive array in order to protect the tetrodes from physical contact with the environment.



Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly

In this protocol we demonstrate how to fabricate and condition tetrodes for use with a micro-drive array, which was designed for chronic electrophysiological recordings in rats. In addition, we illustrate the final stages of micro-drive array construction, which includes installing ground wires and a protective cone.

慢性的微型驱动器阵列在体内录音：四极大会

The tetrode, a bundle of four electrodes, has proven to be a valuable tool for the simultaneous recording of multiple neurons in-vivo.  The differential ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of neural circuits underlying a variety of natural behaviors, including navigation1 , decision making 2,3, and the generation of complex motor sequences4,5,6. Advances in precision machining has allowed for the fabrication of light-weight devices suitable for chronic recordings in small animals, such as mice and songbirds. The ability to adjust the electrode position with small remotely controlled motors has further increased the recording yield in various behavioral contexts by reducing animal handling.6,7
 Here we describe a protocol to build an ultra-light motorized microdrive for long-term chronic recordings in small animals. Our design evolved from an earlier published version7, and has been adapted for ease-of use and cost-effectiveness to be more practical and accessible to a wide array of researchers. This proven design 8,9,10,11 allows for fine, remote positioning of electrodes over a range of ~ 5 mm and weighs less than 750 mg when fully assembled. We present the complete protocol for how to build and assemble these drives, including 3D CAD drawings for all custom microdrive components.

The design, fabrication and assembly of an ultra-light motorized microdrive is described. The device provides a cost-effective and easy-to-use solution for chronic recordings of single units in small behaving animals.

设计和组装的超轻型电动微型硬盘（Microdrive）慢性神经录音的小动物

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

神经科学

Hybrid Microdrive System with Recoverable Opto-Silicon Probe and Tetrode for Dual-Site High Density Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Multi-regional neural recordings can provide crucial information to understanding fine-timescale interactions between multiple brain regions. However, conventional microdrive designs often only allow use of one type of electrode to record from single or multiple regions, limiting the yield of single-unit or depth profile recordings. It also often limits the ability to combine electrode recordings with optogenetic tools to target pathway and/or cell type specific activity. Presented here is a hybrid microdrive array for freely moving mice to optimize yield and a description of its fabrication and reuse of the microdrive array. The current design employs nine tetrodes and one opto-silicon probe implanted in two different brain areas simultaneously in freely moving mice. The tetrodes and the opto-silicon probe are independently adjustable along the dorsoventral axis in the brain to maximize the yield of unit and oscillatory activities. This microdrive array also incorporates a set-up for light, mediating optogenetic manipulation to investigate the regional- or cell type-specific responses and functions of long-range neural circuits. In addition, the opto-silicon probe can be safely recovered and reused after each experiment. Because the microdrive array consists of 3D-printed parts, the design of microdrives can be easily modified to accommodate various settings. First described is the design of the microdrive array and how to attach the optical fiber to a silicon probe for optogenetics experiments, followed by fabrication of the tetrode bundle and implantation of the array into a mouse brain. The recording of local field potentials and unit spiking combined with optogenetic stimulation also demonstrate feasibility of the microdrive array system in freely moving mice.

This protocol describes the construction of a hybrid microdrive array that allows implantation of nine independently adjustable tetrodes and one adjustable opto-silicon probe in two brain regions in freely moving mice. Also demonstrated is a method for safely recovering and reusing the opto-silicon probe for multiple purposes.

混合微驱系统,带可回收的光电探头和Tetrode,用于自由移动小鼠的双位点高密度记录

Multi-regional neural recordings can provide crucial information to understanding fine-timescale interactions between multiple brain regions. However, ...

用于记录幼年小鼠日常神经活动的 Micro-drive 植入物

A Lightweight Drive Implant for Chronic Tetrode Recordings in Juvenile Mice

In vivo electrophysiology provides unparalleled insight into the sub-second-level circuit dynamics of the intact brain and represents a method of particular importance for studying mouse models of human neuropsychiatric disorders. However, such methods often require large cranial implants, which cannot be used in mice at early developmental time points. As such, virtually no studies of in vivo physiology have been performed in freely behaving infant or juvenile mice, despite the fact that a better understanding of neurological development in this critical window would likely provide unique insights into age-dependent developmental disorders such as autism or schizophrenia. Here, a micro-drive design, surgical implantation procedure, and post-surgery recovery strategy are described that allow for chronic field and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions simultaneously in mice as they age from postnatal day 20 (p20) to postnatal day 60 (p60) and beyond, a time window roughly corresponding to the human ages of 2 years old through to adulthood. The number of recording electrodes and final recording sites can be easily modified and expanded, thus allowing flexible experimental control of the in vivo monitoring of behavior- or disease-relevant brain regions across development.

作者聚焦：用于幼年小鼠慢性四极管记录的轻型驱动植入物  

Here, we describe a micro-drive design, surgical implantation procedure, and post-surgery recovery strategy that allow for chronic field and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions simultaneously in juvenile and adolescent mice across a critical developmental window from postnatal day 20 (p20) to postnatal day 60 (p60) and beyond.