26.25 : 其他肺部疾病

Some major pulmonary disorders include asthma, tuberculosis, and lung cancer.

Asthma is a chronic ailment marked by airway inflammation and obstruction.

Asthmatic individuals develop hypersensitivities to various stimuli that cause smooth muscle spasms in bronchioles and damage the airway lining.

Treatments include inhaling beta-2-adrenergic agonists and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs and spreads through the air, often when an infected person coughs.

TB patients may initially be asymptomatic but show symptoms like fever and cough when their immunity weakens. Treatment includes an extensive course of antimicrobial medications.

Lung cancer is primarily caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.

Symptoms of lung cancer manifest as persistent cough, bloody sputum, and breathlessness. Treatment options involve surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.