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Core - Cell Biology

    Chapter 15

    Transmembrane Transport in Endoplasmic Reticulum and Peroxisomes

    15.1 : The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

    15.1 : The Endoplasmic Reticulum

    The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary ...

    11.9K views
    15.2 : Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

    15.2 : Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

    Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the ...

    5.6K views
    15.3 : Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

    15.3 : Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

    Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the ...

    5.3K views
    15.4 : Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

    15.4 : Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

    The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. ...

    7.1K views
    15.5 : Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

    15.5 : Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

    The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides ...

    4.5K views
    15.6 : Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

    15.6 : Cotranslational Protein Translocation

    Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the ...

    7.2K views
    15.7 : Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

    15.7 : Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

    A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process ...

    5.6K views
    15.8 : Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

    15.8 : Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

    Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral ...

    6.6K views
    15.9 : Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

    15.9 : Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

    The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels ...

    7.8K views
    15.10 : Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

    15.10 : Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

    Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single ...

    3.1K views
    15.11 : GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

    15.11 : GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

    GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the ...

    4.0K views
    15.12 : Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

    15.12 : Protein Modifications in the RER

    Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and ...

    5.0K views
    15.13 : Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER01:29

    15.13 : Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

    ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system ...

    3.7K views
    15.14 : Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

    15.14 : Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

    After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for ...

    3.5K views
    15.15 : The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

    15.15 : The Unfolded Protein Response

    The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally ...

    4.4K views
    15.16 : Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

    15.16 : Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

    Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein ...

    2.4K views
    15.17 : Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

    15.17 : Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

    The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis ...

    3.0K views
    15.18 : Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

    15.18 : Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

    Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the ...

    3.1K views
    15.19 : Peroxisomes01:24

    15.19 : Peroxisomes

    Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the ...

    10.9K views
    15.20 : Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

    15.20 : Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

    Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen ...

    3.4K views
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