9.3 : 买方垄断

A monopsony is a unique market structure characterized by the presence of a single buyer. It is a mirror image of a monopoly with a single seller.

In a monopsony, the buyer controls the pricing of goods and services because sellers have no choice but to sell to them.

As the sole buyer controls the demand, they have the ability to negotiate the quantity, price, and terms of trade in the market, which can lead to reduced production and sales.

Large companies like Amazon and Walmart often exercise monopsony power over their suppliers due to their size and influence, effectively acting as the only buyers.

In situations with a single employer, like in a town's coal mine or factory, monopsonies can impact wages and labor conditions, enabling the employer to negotiate lower wages. Monopsonists maximize profit where marginal cost of input equals marginal revenue product, typically resulting in lower quantity and price compared to competitive markets

Monopsonies offer advantages such as cost savings through negotiations, simplified processes, and market stability. But, potential drawbacks include reduced competition and adverse effects on suppliers. The impact varies based on industry dynamics.