Photostimulation by Femtosecond Laser Activates Extracellular-signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling or Mitochondrial Events in Target Cells

1:04

Setting Up the Photostimulation System

1:48

Preparing for Activation of ERK2 by Photostimulation

2:47

Delivering Femtosecond Laser Stimulation into Target Cells Using Stim-A Mode

4:24

Delivering Femtosecond Laser Stimulation into Target Cells Using Stim-B Mode

5:53

Activation of Mitoflashes and Other Mitochondrial Events by Photostimulation

6:55

Delivering Femtosecond Laser Stimulation into the Target Mitochondrion Using Stim-A Mode

8:32

Results: Activation of ERK Signaling or Mitochondrial Events in Target Cells

10:26

Conclusion