Name: adeno-associated virus-mediated transgene expression in genetically defined neurons of the spinal cord
Uploaded: 2018-05-12T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 41 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord at JoVE.com

Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer cömertçe Bu eser destek için teşekkür ederiz. Hendrik Wildner Olga Mayenfisch Vakfı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Carmen Birchmeier Lmx1b antikor için teşekkür ederiz.

<ol>
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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Cellular+and+Synaptic+Architecture+of+the+Mechanosensory+Dorsal+Horn.">The Cellular and Synaptic Architecture of the Mechanosensory Dorsal Horn.</a> Cell. 168 (1-2), 295-310 (2017).</li><li>Wildner, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+expression+analysis+of+Ptf1a-+and+Ascl1-deficient+mice+reveals+new+markers+for+distinct+dorsal+horn+interneuron+populations+contributing+to+nociceptive+reflex+plasticity.">Genome-wide expression analysis of Ptf1a- and Ascl1-deficient mice reveals new markers for distinct dorsal horn interneuron populations contributing to nociceptive reflex plasticity.</a> J Neurosci. 33 (17), 7299-7307 (2013).</li><li>Inquimbert, P., Moll, M., Kohno, T., Scholz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereotaxic+injection+of+a+viral+vector+for+conditional+gene+manipulation+in+the+mouse+spinal+cord.">Stereotaxic injection of a viral vector for conditional gene manipulation in the mouse spinal cord.</a> J Vis Exp. (73), e50313 (2013).</li><li>Kohro, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+minimally-invasive+method+for+microinjection+into+the+mouse+spinal+dorsal+horn.">A new minimally-invasive method for microinjection into the mouse spinal dorsal horn.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 14306 (2015).</li><li>Bourane, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gate+control+of+mechanical+itch+by+a+subpopulation+of+spinal+cord+interneurons.">Gate control of mechanical itch by a subpopulation of spinal cord interneurons.</a> Science. 350 (6260), 550-554 (2015).</li><li>Bourane, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+spinal+circuit+for+light+touch+and+fine+motor+control.">Identification of a spinal circuit for light touch and fine motor control.</a> Cell. 160 (3), 503-515 (2015).</li><li>Duan, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+spinal+circuits+transmitting+and+gating+mechanical+pain.">Identification of spinal circuits transmitting and gating mechanical pain.</a> Cell. 159 (6), 1417-1432 (2014).</li><li>Gutierrez-Mecinas, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preprotachykinin+A+is+expressed+by+a+distinct+population+of+excitatory+neurons+in+the+mouse+superficial+spinal+dorsal+horn+including+cells+that+respond+to+noxious+and+pruritic+stimuli.">Preprotachykinin A is expressed by a distinct population of excitatory neurons in the mouse superficial spinal dorsal horn including cells that respond to noxious and pruritic stimuli.</a> Pain. 158 (3), 440-456 (2017).</li><li>Awatramani, R., Soriano, P., Rodriguez, C., Mai, J. J., Dymecki, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryptic+boundaries+in+roof+plate+and+choroid+plexus+identified+by+intersectional+gene+activation.">Cryptic boundaries in roof plate and choroid plexus identified by intersectional gene activation.</a> Nat Genet. 35 (1), 70-75 (2003).</li><li>Kim, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linking+genetically+defined+neurons+to+behavior+through+a+broadly+applicable+silencing+allele.">Linking genetically defined neurons to behavior through a broadly applicable silencing allele.</a> Neuron. 63 (3), 305-315 (2009).</li><li>Kim, J. C., Dymecki, S. 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AAVs kesici enjeksiyon yüksek zamansal ve mekansal çözüm ile spinal hücreleri analizini sağlayan güçlü bir teknik araştırma laboratuvarında hale gelebilir. Bu iletişim kuralı hindlimb için onların periferik aksonlar uzanan duyusal sinir hücreleri tarafından innervated üç ana omurga segmentleri iletim sağlar. Üç transducing sağlam ve tekrarlanabilir davranış veri üretir. Ayrıca mümkün daha geniş bir duyu alanı tek bir kesici enjeksiyon sonra test sağlar. Örneğin, aynı enjeksiyon rejimi ...

Dorsal spinal kord çevre vücut ve beyin arasında bilgi değişimi için gerekli olduğunu. Isı, soğuk, gibi duyusal uyaranlara dokunmak veya zararlı uyaranlara hangi nöronlar bu bilgileri omurilik dorsal boynuz, özel çevre nöronlar tarafından tespit edilir. Burada, eksitatör ve inhibitör interneurons karmaşık bir ağ gelen ve sonunda röle duyusal bilgi yolu ile spinal projeksiyon nöronlar supraspinal için1,2siteleri. Omurilik tarafından yapılan hesaplamaları Inter- ve projeksiyon nöronlar kapı duyusal bilgi, böylece hangi bilgilerin bastırılır veya hangi yoğunlukta geçirilen belirleme. Değişiklikleri inhibisyonu ve uyarma, arasında değişen bir denge gibi duyusal uyaranlara entegrasyonundaki aşırı duyarlılık ya da allodynia (normalde non-feci stimülasyon sonra acı hissi) gibi duyusal işlev bozuklukları neden olabilir. Bu değişiklikleri çeşitli kronik ağrı altta yatan neden3,4devletler olduğu düşünülür. Böylece, duyusal işleme yüksek öneme sahip spinal devreleri vardır ve bu nedenle bir canlı çevre ve benlik algısı. Son varış ve moleküler, genetik bir kombinasyonu ve genetik olarak tanımlanan omurga nöron altgrupları kesin manipülasyon sağlar cerrahi teknikleri ile bilim adamları şimdi temel spinal devreleri anlamaya başlıyor farklı duyusal yöntemleri işlenmesi için sorumludur.
RAAV kesici enjeksiyon vahşi-türü veya transgenik fareler içine büyük katkıda bulundu işleme, analiz ve omurilik sinir hücreleri5,6,7, belirli alt kümeleri işlev anlayışı 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. bu teknik teslimat işaretçisi proteinlerin sağlar (GFP gibi / GFP füzyon protein), muhabir proteinler (örneğin, GCaMP) veya (örneğin, bakteriyel toksinler, channelrhodopsin veya pharmacogenetic reseptörleri) efektör proteinler arasında bir dağınık şekilde spinal sinir hücreleri sınırlı şekilde. Cre-bağımlı rAAVs yerel enjeksiyon transgenik fareler Cre recombinase spinal sinir hücreleri belirli alt kümesinde ifade içine ilgili nöronal nüfus belirli analiz sağlar. Biz etiket, ablate, inhibe veya bu gösteren nöronlar onlar ağrı kontrol spinal kapı önemli bir parçası ve iletim7kaşıntı spinal glycinergic etkinleştirmek için bu tekniği istihdam. Bu deneylerde Cre-bağımlı rAAV kesici enjeksiyon GlyT2::Cre fareler içine glycinergic nöronlar lomber spinal kord seçici manipülasyon etkin. Böylece, eş zamanlı glycinergic nöronlar hayvan yaşam için kritik içeren supraspinal devreleri manipülasyon önlenebilir.
RAAVs kesici bir enjeksiyon enjeksiyon sitesine enfeksiyon sınırlar, viral iletim sadece yerel nöronlar zamanda aksonal projeksiyonlar enjeksiyon siteye bağlanmak nöronlar gelişebilir. İkinci kez belirli bir çekirdek beyinde nöronal giriş sağlayan izleme CNS alanları için kullanılır. Zaman nöronlar tanımlanmış nüfusu belirli bir sitede eğitimi aksonal projeksiyonlar enfeksiyon ancak, aynı zamanda bir karıştırıcı faktör olabilir. Bu sorunları çözmek için biz son zamanlarda AAV serotipleri ve serotipleri ve en aza indirmek ya da retrograd iletim en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kullanılan rehberleri tanımlamak için ifade kaset kapsamlı bir analiz yaptık. Omurilik devrelerde bu özel araştırma bağlamında analiz ettik retrogradely dorsal kök gangliyon (DRG), ventromedial rostral medulla (RVM) ve somatosensor korteks nöronlar transduce yeteneği farklı serotipleri ve rehberleri 12. bu protokol için özetlenen teknik bu nedenle enjeksiyon yerinde omurilik sinir hücreleri çözümlemek veya spinal kord enjekte sitenin giriş sağlamak projeksiyon nöronlar analiz etmek için kullanılabilir. Burada açıklanan protokolünde rAAV üç iğne sol tarafındaki lomber spinal kord içine üç lomber segmentlere (L3-L5) nöron iletimi sağlamak için gerçekleştirilir. L3-L5 kesimleri duyusal girdi çoğunluğu enjeksiyon siteye hindlimb Ipsilateral alırsınız. Böylece genetik olarak etiketli nöron alt türündeki devre işlevi için fonksiyonel kanıt sağlayan fonksiyonel genetik olarak etiketli L3-L5 nöronlarda manipülasyon sağlam davranış değişiklikleri, uyandırmak için yeterli olduğunu ispat.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>micropipette puller: DMZ-Universal-Electrode-Puller</td><td>Zeitz</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anesthesia unit: Oxymat3 oxygen concentrator</td><td>Weinmann</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anesthesia unit: VIP 3000 Veterinary Vaporizer</td><td>Midmark</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heat mat: Mio Star Thermocare 100</td><td>Migros</td><td>717614700000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electric shaver</td><td>Philips</td><td>BT9290</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical microscope (OPMI pico)</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small animal stereotaxic apparatus</td><td>Kopf</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neurostar StereoDrive (optional)</td><td>Neurostar</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Model 51690 Cunningham mouse spinal adaptor</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>72-4811</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PHD Ultra syringe pump with nanomite</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>70-3601</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton 701 RN 10 &amp;mu;l glass microliter syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>7635-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton Removable needle (RN) compression fitting 1 mm</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>55750-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fine dentistry drilling apparatus: Osada success 40</td><td>Osada</td><td>OS-40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>spherical cutter, 0.5mm</td><td>Busch</td><td>12001005B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>electronic von Frey anesthesiometer</td><td>IITC</td><td>23905</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>flexible von Frey hairs</td><td>IITC</td><td>#7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LSM710 Pascal confocal microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.8 NA &amp;times; 20 Plan-apochromat objective</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.3 NA &amp;times; 40 EC Plan-Neofluar oil-immersion objective</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Surgical Tools&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Handle #4, 13cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>10004-13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Extra Fine Bonn Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14084-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adson forceps, 1 x 2 teeth, 12 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11027-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Friedman-Pearson rongeurs, curved, 0.7 mm cup</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>16121-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #2 laminectomy forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11223-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Olsen-Hegar needle holders, serrated, 8.5 mm clamp length</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12002-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine forceps #5</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11254-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Consumables and Chemicals&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-wall glass capillary, 1mm outside diameter</td><td>World Precision Instruments</td><td>TW 100-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringes (1, 5 and 20 ml)</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>(9166917V, 4606051V, 4606205V)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26G beveled needle</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>4665457</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile scalpel blades</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>BB523</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical sutures Safil Quick+ 4/0, absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>C1046220</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical sutures Premilene 5/0, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>C0932191</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile PBS or saline (0.9%)</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol, 70% (disinfectant)</td><td></td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodine solution (e.g. Braunol)</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>18380</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anaesthetics (e.g. Attane isoflurane)</td><td>Provet</td><td>2222</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aldasorber</td><td>Provet</td><td>333526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>analgesics (e.g. buprenorphine: temgesic)</td><td>Indivior</td><td>GTIN: 7680419310018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ophthalmic ointment (e.g. vita-pos)</td><td>Pharma medica</td><td>GTIN: 4031626710635</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton swabs (e.g. from)</td><td>IVF Hartmann</td><td>1628100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Facial tissues (e.g. from)</td><td>Uehlinger AG</td><td>2015.10018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Superfrost plus microscope slides</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>J1800AMNZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Mice&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6J mice (wildtype)</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td>RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rorbtm1.1(cre)Hze/J mice (ROR&amp;beta;Cre)</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td>RRID:IMSR_JAX:023526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J mice (R26Tom)</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td>RRID: IMSR_JAX:007914</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Viral vectors&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AAV1.CB7.CI.eGFP.WPRE.rBG (AAV1.CAG.eGFP)</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>AV-1-PV1963</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AAV1.CAG.flex.eGFP.WPRE.bGH (AAV1.CAG.flex.eGFP)</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>AV-1-ALL854</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AAV1.CAG.flex.tdTomato.WPRE&lt;br /&gt;.bGH (AAV1.CAG.flex.tdTomato)</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>AV-1-ALL864</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AAV1.EF1a.flex.DTA.hGH (AAV1.EF1a.flex.DTA)</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>Custom production</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AAV1.hSyn.DIO.hM3D(Gq)-mCherry.hGH (AAV.flex.hM3D(Gi))</td><td>Penn Vector Core</td><td>Custom production</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Plasmids&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pAAV.hSyn.flex.hM3D(Gq)-mCherry</td><td>Addgene</td><td>44361</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pAAV.EF1&amp;alpha;.flex.hChR2(H134R)-eYFP</td><td>Addgene</td><td>20298</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Bacteria&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MDS42</td><td>ScarabGenomics</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stbl3</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>C737303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td><td>Quiagen</td><td>12362</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NucleoBond PC 500</td><td>Machery &amp;amp; Nagel</td><td>740574</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)</td><td>Enzo Life Sciences</td><td>BBL-NS105-0025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chloroquine diphosphate salt</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C6628</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>histamine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H7125</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dapi</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>D3571</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Antibodies (dilution)&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-GFP (1:1000)</td><td>Molecular Probes</td><td>RRID:AB_221570</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-NeuN (1:3000)</td><td>Abcam</td><td>RRID:AB_10711153</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-Pax2 (1 : 200)</td><td>R &amp;amp; D Systems</td><td>RRID:AB_10889828</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guinea pig anti-Lmx1b (1 : 10 000)</td><td>Dr Carmen Birchmeier</td><td>Muller et al. 2002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-GFAP (1 : 1000)</td><td>DakoCytomation</td><td>RRID:AB_10013382</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Secondary antibodies raised in donkey (1:800)</td><td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories</td><td>NA</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

adeno-associated virus-mediated transgene expression in genetically defined neurons of the spinal cord

Omurilik nöronal altgrupları seçici manipülasyon esas olarak iki farklı yöntemlerle elde: 1) Intersectional genetik, mademki ikili ya da üçlü transgenik fareler bir muhabir veya efektör seçici ifade ulaşmak için oluşturulur Gen (örneğin, Rosa26 odağı üzerinden) istenen spinal nüfus. 2) Cre-bağımlı rekombinant adeno ilişkili virüs (rAAV); kesici enjeksiyon Burada seçim muhabir veya efektör gen için kodlama Cre-bağımlı AAV vektörel çizimler Cre recombinase istenen nöronal subpopulation içinde ifade farelerin omurilik içine enjekte edilir. Bu iletişim kuralı Cre-bağımlı rAAV vektörel çizimler oluşturmak açıklar ve nasıl lomber spinal kord dorsal boynuz nöronlarda transduce L3-L5 kesimleri ile rAAVs. L3-L5 innervated hindlimbs duyusal bilgileri iletmek bu çevresel duyusal sinir hücreleri tarafından lomber spinal segmentler kendiliğinden davranış ve enjeksiyon tarafına Ipsilateral hindlimb uygulanan duyusal testler için yanıt olabilir duyusal işleme işlenmiş nöronlarda işlevi sorguya çekmek için analiz. Biz kümelerinden oluşan omurilik sinir hücreleri genetik olarak analiz etmek için bu tekniği nasıl kullanılacağını gösteren örnekler sağlar. Virüs-aracılı transgene ifade Cre transgenik farelerde klasik muhabir fare kaynaklı transgene ifadesine göre başlıca avantajları şunlardır: 1) çeşitli muhabir veya efektör proteinlerin kodlama farklı Cre-bağımlı rAAVs olabilir Böylece birkaç birden fazla transgenik fare satırları oluşturma gereğini üstesinden tek Cre transgenik satır enjekte. 2) kesici enjeksiyon enjeksiyon yeri ve enjeksiyon sonra zaman Cre ifade hücreleri manipülasyon sınırlar. Ana dezavantajları vardır: 1) muhabir gen ifade rAAVs iş daha fazla değişken. 2) cerrahi spinal sinir hücreleri ilgi transduce için gereklidir. İki yöntem daha uygun olduğu ele alınması nöron nüfus ve araştırma soru üzerinde bağlıdır.

Bir işaretleyici protein kodlama rAAV kesici iğne ile elde edilebilir ifade düzeyleri göstermek için ilk AAV1 enjekte. CAG.eGFP lomber spinal kord vahşi tipi farelerin içine. Üç enjeksiyonları aralıklı yaklaşık 1 mm ayrı üretilen lomber spinal segmentler L3 L5 için neredeyse sürekli bir enfeksiyon (şekil 1A-C). Omurilik yüzeyinden 300 µm derinlikte virüs enjeksiyon omurilik dorsal boynuz hücrelerinde baskın enfeksiyon ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord at JoVE.com

Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord

Omurilik genetik olarak tanımlanmış nöronlar Adeno ilişkili virüs-aracılı Transgene ifade

Recombinase bağımlı rekombinant adeno ilişkili virüs (rAAV) kesici enjeksiyon herhangi bir genetik olarak etiketli hücre tipi spinal kord işlemek için kullanılabilir. Burada biz lomber spinal kord dorsal boynuz nöronlarda transduce anlatan. Bu teknik işlenmiş nöron alt türündeki fonksiyonel sorgulama sağlar.

Selective manipulation of spinal neuronal subpopulations has mainly been achieved by two different methods: 1) Intersectional genetics, whereby double or ...

adeno-associated-virus-mediated-transgene-expression-genetically

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

18.0K Görüntüleme.  University of Zurich. Recombinase bağımlı rekombinant adeno ilişkili virüs (rAAV) kesici enjeksiyon herhangi bir genetik olarak etiketli hücre tipi spinal kord işlemek için kullanılabilir. Burada biz lomber spinal kord dorsal boynuz nöronlarda transduce anlatan. Bu teknik işlenmiş nöron alt türündeki fonksiyonel sorgulama sağlar.

Video: Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Transgene Expression in Genetically Defined Neurons of the Spinal Cord

Intracranial Injection of Adeno-associated Viral Vectors

Intracranial injection of viral vectors engineered to express a fluorescent protein is a versatile labeling technique for visualization of specific subsets of cells in different brain regions both in vivo and in brain sections. Unlike the injection of fluorescent dyes, viral labeling offers targeting of individual cell types and is less expensive and time consuming than establishing transgenic mouse lines. In this technique, an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector is injected intracranially using stereotaxic coordinates, a micropipette and an automated pump for precise delivery of AAV to the desired area with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. Injection parameters can be tailored to individual experiments by adjusting the animal age at injection, injection location, volume of injection, rate of injection, AAV serotype and the promoter driving gene expression. Depending on the conditions chosen, virally-induced transgene expression can allow visualization of groups of cells, individual cells or fine cellular processes, down to the level of dendritic spines. The experiment shown here depicts an injection of double-stranded AAV expressing green fluorescent protein for the labeling of neurons and glia in the mouse primary visual cortex.

Here we present the intracranial injection of AAV vectors for fluorescent labeling of neurons and glia in the visual cortex.

Adeno-ilişkili Viral Vektörler İntrakranial Enjeksiyon

Intracranial injection of viral vectors engineered to express a fluorescent protein is a versatile labeling technique for visualization of specific ...

Nörobilim

Stereotaxic Injection of a Viral Vector for Conditional Gene Manipulation in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Intraparenchymal injection of a viral vector enables conditional gene manipulation in distinct populations of neurons or particular regions of the central nervous system. We demonstrate a stereotaxic injection technique that allows targeted gene expression or silencing in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. The surgical procedure is brief. It requires laminectomy of a single vertebra, providing for quick recovery of the animal and unimpaired motility of the spine. Controlled injection of a small vector suspension volume at low speed and use of a microsyringe with beveled glass cannula minimize the tissue lesion. The local immune response to the vector depends on the intrinsic properties of the virus employed; in our experience, it is minor and short-lived when a recombinant adeno-associated virus is used. A reporter gene such as enhanced green fluorescent protein facilitates monitoring spatial distribution of the vector, and the efficacy and cellular specificity of the transfection.

Viral vectors allow for targeted gene manipulation. We demonstrate a method for conditional gene expression or ablation in the mouse spinal cord, using stereotaxic injection of a viral vector into the dorsal horn, a prominent site of synaptic contact between primary somatosensory afferents and neurons of the central nervous system.

Fare Omurilik Koşullu Gen Manipülasyon için bir Viral Vector Stereotaksik Enjeksiyon

Intraparenchymal injection of a viral vector enables conditional gene manipulation in distinct populations of neurons or particular regions of the central ...

Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction

With the pace of scientific advancement accelerating rapidly, new methods are needed for experimental neuroscience to quickly and easily manipulate gene expression in the mouse brain. Here we describe a technique first introduced by Passini and Wolfe for direct intracranial delivery of virally-encoded transgenes into the neonatal mouse brain. In its most basic form, the procedure requires only an ice bucket and a microliter syringe. However, the protocol can also be adapted for use with stereotaxic frames to improve consistency for researchers new to the technique. The method relies on the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to move freely from the cerebral ventricles into the brain parenchyma while the ependymal lining is still immature during the first 12-24 hr after birth. Intraventricular injection of AAV at this age results in widespread transduction of neurons throughout the brain. Expression begins within days of injection and persists for the lifetime of the animal. Viral titer can be adjusted to control the density of transduced neurons, while co-expression of a fluorescent protein provides a vital label of transduced cells. With the rising availability of viral core facilities to provide both off-the-shelf, pre-packaged reagents and custom viral preparation, this approach offers a timely method for manipulating gene expression in the mouse brain that is fast, easy, and far less expensive than traditional germline engineering.

Here we demonstrate a technique for widespread neuronal transduction by intraventricular injection of adeno-associated virus into the neonatal mouse brain. This method provides a rapid and easy way to attain lifelong expression of virally-delivered transgenes.

Kalıcı ve yaygın Nöronal İletim için Yenidoğan Fare Beyin intraserooroventriküler Viral Enjeksiyon

With the pace of scientific advancement accelerating rapidly, new methods are needed for experimental neuroscience to quickly and easily manipulate gene ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

The formation of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous system. SC-selective genetic manipulation in living animals is a powerful technique for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SC myelination and demyelination in vivo. While knockout/knockin and transgenic mice are powerful tools for studying SC biology, these methods are costly and time consuming. Viral vector-mediated transgene introduction into the sciatic nerve is a simpler and less laborious method. However, viral methods have limitations, such as toxicity, transgene size constraints, and infectivity restricted to certain developmental stages. Here, we describe a new method that allows selective transfection of myelinating SCs in the rodent sciatic nerve using electroporation. By applying electric pulses to the sciatic nerve at the site of plasmid DNA injection, genes of interest can be easily silenced or overexpressed in SCs in both neonatal and more mature animals. Furthermore, this in vivo electroporation method allows for highly efficient simultaneous expression of multiple transgenes. Our novel technique should enable researchers to efficiently manipulate SC gene expression, and facilitate studies on SC development and function.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

Here, we present an in vivo technique for gene transfer to Schwann cells (SCs) in the rodent sciatic nerve. This simple technique is useful for investigating signaling mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of myelinating SCs.

Elektroporasyon tarafından Kemirgen Siyatik Sinir Schwann Hücreleri için Vivo Gen Transferi

The formation of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous ...

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration

Achieving axon regeneration after nervous system injury is a challenging task. As different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) differ from each other anatomically, it is important to identify an appropriate model to use for the study of axon regeneration. By using a suitable model, we can formulate a specific treatment based on the severity of injury, the neuronal cell type of interest, and the desired spinal tract for assessing regeneration. Within the sensory pathway, DRG neurons are responsible for relaying sensory information from the periphery to the CNS. We present here a protocol that uses a DRG injection with a viral vector and a concurrent dorsal root crush injury in the lower cervical spinal cord of an adult rat as a model to study sensory axon regeneration. As demonstrated using a control virus, AAV5-GFP, we show the effectiveness of a direct DRG injection in transducing DRG neurons and tracing sensory axons into the spinal cord. We also show the effectiveness of the dorsal root crush injury in denervating the forepaw as an injury model for evaluating axon regeneration. Despite the requirement for specialized training to perform this invasive surgical procedure, the protocol is flexible, and potential users can modify many parts to accommodate their experimental requirements. Importantly, it can serve as a foundation for those in search of a suitable animal model for their studies. We believe that this article will help new users to learn the procedure in a very efficient and effective manner.

This protocol presents the use of a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) injection with a viral vector and a concurrent dorsal root crush injury in an adult rat as a model to study sensory axon regeneration. This model is suitable for investigating the use of gene therapy to promote sensory axon regeneration.

Sırt kök ganglion Enjeksiyon ve Dorsal Kök Duyusal Axon Rejenerasyon Modeli Olarak Ezilme Yaralanması

Achieving axon regeneration after nervous system injury is a challenging task. As different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) differ from each ...

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. Using subpially-placed polyethylene catheters (PE-10 or PE-5) for AAV9 delivery, potent transgene expression through the spinal parenchyma (white and gray matter) in subpially-injected spinal segments has been demonstrated. Because of the wide range of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a strong desire for the development of a potent central nervous system (CNS)-targeted vector delivery technique in adult mice. Accordingly, the present study describes the development of a spinal subpial vector delivery device and technique to permit safe and effective spinal AAV9 delivery in adult C57BL/6J mice. In spinally immobilized and anesthetized mice, the pia mater (cervical 1 and lumbar 1-2 spinal segmental level) was incised with a sharp 34 G needle using an XYZ manipulator. A second XYZ manipulator was then used to advance a blunt 36G needle into the lumbar and/or cervical subpial space. The AAV9 vector (3-5 &#181;L; 1.2 x 1013 genome copies (gc)) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was then injected subpially. After injections, neurological function (motor and sensory) was assessed periodically, and animals were perfusion-fixed 14 days after AAV9 delivery with 4% paraformaldehyde. Analysis of horizontal or transverse spinal cord sections showed transgene expression throughout the entire spinal cord, in both gray and white matter. In addition, intense retrogradely-mediated GFP expression was seen in the descending motor axons and neurons in the motor cortex, nucleus ruber, and formatio reticularis. No neurological dysfunction was noted in any animals. These data show that the subpial vector delivery technique can successfully be used in adult mice, without causing procedure-related spinal cord injury, and is associated with highly potent transgene expression throughout the spinal neuraxis.

Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 AAV9 Vector Delivery in Adult Mice

The goal of the present study was to develop and validate the potency and safety of spinal adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene delivery by using a novel subpial gene delivery technique in adult mice.

Yetişkin Farelerde Subpial Adeno-ilişkili Virüs 9 (AAV9) Vektör Teslimatı

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. ...

Methods and Tips for Intravenous Administration of Adeno-associated Virus to Rats and Evaluation of Central Nervous System Transduction

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a key reagent in the neurosciences for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), optogenetics, cre-lox targeting, etc. The purpose of this manuscript is to aid the investigator attempting expansive central nervous system (CNS) gene transfer in the rat via tail vein injection of AAV. Wide-scale expression is relevant for conditions with widespread pathology, and a rat model is significant due to its greater size and physiologic similarities to humans compared to mice. In this example application, a wide-scale neuronal transduction is used to mimic a neurodegenerative disease that affects the entire spinal cord, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The efficient wide-scale CNS transduction can also be used to deliver therapeutic protein factors in pre-clinical studies. After a post-injection expression interval of several weeks, the effects of the transduction are evaluated. For a green fluorescent protein (GFP) control vector, the amount of GFP in the cerebellum is estimated quickly and reliably by a basic imaging program. For motor disease phenotypes that are induced by the ALS related protein transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), the deficits are scored by escape reflex and rotarod. Beyond disease modeling and gene therapy, there are diverse potential applications for the wide-scale gene targeting described here. The expanded use of this method will aid in expediting hypothesis testing in the neurosciences and neurogenetics.

Methods for a wide-scale central nervous system gene delivery in the rat are covered. In this example, the purpose is to mimic a disease that affects the entire spinal cord. The widespread transduction can be used to deliver a therapeutic protein to the CNS from a one-time, peripheral administration.

Yöntemleri ve merkezi sinir sistemi iletim değerlendirilmesi ve Adeno ilişkili virüs fareler için intravenöz Yönetim için ipuçları

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a key reagent in the neurosciences for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), ...

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice

Intrathecal (IT) injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) has drawn considerable interest in CNS gene therapy by virtue of its safety, noninvasiveness, and excellent transduction efficacy in the CNS.&#160;Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potency of AAV-delivered gene therapy in neurodegenerative disorders by IT administration. However, high rates of unpredictable failure due to the technical limitation of IT administration in small animals have been reported. Here, we established a scoring system to indicate the success extent of lumbar puncture in small animals by adding 1% lidocaine hydrochloride into the injection solution. We further show that the extent of transient weakness following injection can predict the transduction efficiency of AAV. Thus, this IT injection method can be used to optimize therapeutic trials in mouse models of CNS diseases that afflict wide regions of the CNS.

Here we present a direct intrathecal injection technique using 1% lidocaine hydrochloride in a viral solution to ensure efficient adeno-associated virus delivery to small animals and establish a scoring system to predict transduction efficiency in the central nervous system according to the degree of transient weakness induced by lidocaine.

Rekombinant Adeno ilişkili virüs yetişkin farelerde doğrudan intratekal enjeksiyon

Intrathecal (IT) injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) has drawn considerable interest in CNS gene therapy by virtue of its safety, noninvasiveness, ...

Direct Injection of a Lentiviral Vector Highlights Multiple Motor Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord

Introducing proteins of interest into cells in the nervous system is challenging due to innate biological barriers that limit access to most molecules. Injection directly into spinal cord tissue bypasses these barriers, providing access to cell bodies or synapses where molecules can be incorporated. Combining viral vector technology with this method allows for introduction of target genes into nervous tissue for the purpose of gene therapy or tract tracing. Here a virus engineered for highly efficient retrograde transport (HiRet) is introduced at the synapses of propriospinal interneurons (PNs) to encourage specific transport to neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem nuclei. Targeting PNs takes advantage of the numerous connections they receive from motor pathways such as the rubrospinal and reticulospinal tracts, as well as their interconnection with each other throughout spinal cord segments. Representative tracing using the HiRet vector with constitutively active green fluorescent protein (GFP) shows high fidelity details of cell bodies, axons and dendritic arbors in thoracic PNs and in reticulospinal neurons in the pontine reticular formation. HiRet incorporates well into brainstem pathways and PNs but shows age dependent integration into corticospinal tract neurons. In summary, spinal cord injection using viral vectors is a suitable method for introduction of proteins of interest into neurons of targeted tracts.

This protocol demonstrates injection of a retrogradely transportable viral vector into rat spinal cord tissue. The vector is taken up at the synapse and transported to the cell body of target neurons. This model is suitable for retrograde tracing of important spinal pathways or targeting cells for gene therapy applications.

Birden fazla Motor yolları sıçan Spinal Kord Lentiviral bir vektör direkt enjeksiyon vurgulamaktadır

Introducing proteins of interest into cells in the nervous system is challenging due to innate biological barriers that limit access to most molecules. ...

Targeting the Corticospinal Tract in Neonatal Rats with a Double-Viral Vector using Combined Brain and Spine Surgery

Successfully tackling the obstacles that constrain research on neonatal rats is important for studying the differences in outcomes seen in pediatric spinal cord injuries (SCIs) compared to adult SCIs. In addition, reliably introducing therapies into the target cells of the central nervous system (CNS) can be challenging, and inaccuracies can compromise the efficacy of the study or therapy. This protocol combines viral vector technology with a novel surgical technique&#160;to accurately introduce gene therapies into neonatal rats at postnatal day 5. Here, a virus engineered for retrograde transport (retroAAV2) of Cre is introduced at the axon terminals of corticospinal neurons in the spinal cord, where it is subsequently transported to the cell bodies. A double-floxed&#160;inverted orientation (DIO) designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug(s) (DREADD) virus is then injected into the somatomotor cortex of the brain. This double-infection technique promotes the expression of the DREADDs only in the co-infected corticospinal tract (CST) neurons.&#160;Thus, the simultaneous co-injection of the somatomotor cortex and cervical CST terminals is a valid method for studying the chemogenetic modulation of recovery following cervical SCI models in neonatal rats.

This protocol demonstrates a novel method for applying gene therapies to subpopulations of cells in neonatal rats at postnatal ages 5-10 days by injecting an anterograde chemogenetic modifier into the somatomotor cortex and a retrogradely transportable Cre recombinase into the cervical spinal cord.

Yenidoğan Sıçanlarında Kortikospinal Sistemin Kombine Beyin ve Omurga Cerrahisi Kullanılarak Çift Viral Vektörle Hedeflenmesi

Successfully tackling the obstacles that constrain research on neonatal rats is important for studying the differences in outcomes seen in pediatric ...