Name: orientational transition in a liquid crystal triggered by the thermodynamic growth of interfacial wetting sheets
Uploaded: 2017-05-15T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 26 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma, JSPS KAKENHI tarafından 16H06037 numaralı hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir. HR-DSC için teknik yardım için Hokkaido Üniversitesi&#39;nden Dr. Yuji Sasaki&#39;ye içtenlikle teşekkür ederiz.

1. Bir Perfloropolimerin Sıvı Kristal Hizalama Katmanının Cam Yüzeylere Hazırlanması <ol><li> Perfloropolimer çözeltisinin hazırlanması <ol><li> Bir perfloropolimer çözeltisinin (ağırlıkça% 9 polimer) 1: 2 oranında bir ticari çözücüye eritilmesi ile 1 mL perfloropolimer çözeltisi hazırlanır; Bu 0.5-1 μm kalınlığındaki filmlerin spin kaplamalı olmasını sağlar. NOT: Kullanılan çözelti ve çözücü için Malzeme Listesi&#39;ne bakın. </li></ol></li><li> Perfloropolimerin temiz cam yüzeylere kaplanması <ol><li> Alkali bir deterjanda 38 veya 42 kHz&#39;de sonikasyon ile cam yüzeyleri (tipik boyut: 1 cm x 1 cm) yıkayın. Bunları damıtılmış su ile tekrar tekrar durulayın. Tipik olarak, her seferinde 5 dakika sonikasyon ile 10 kattan fazla durulayın. </li><li> Substratları UV-O 3 temizleyicisine 10 dakika boyunca bekletin. </li><li> Adım 1.1&#39;deki çözeltiden 20 uL damla damla temizlenmiş cam substra üzerine damlatıntes. Çözeltiyi hemen 3,500 rpm&#39;de ve oda sıcaklığında 70 saniye spin-kapla. Filmi, çözücüyü çıkarmak için 80 ° C&#39;de 60 dakika pişirin ve sertleştirmek için 200 ° C&#39;de 60 dakika pişirin. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. LC Hücrelerinin Hazırlanması <ol><li> Fotoğrafla iyileştirilebilen bir reçine ve 365 nm dalga boyundaki (1.1 W / cm2) bir LED lamba kullanılarak film ile kaplanmış iki cam yüzey yapıştırın. Mikrometre boyutunda cam partikülleri veya polietilen naftalat filmler kullanarak, iki substrat arasındaki boşluğun kalınlığını 2-100 μm aralığında ayarlayın. </li><li> Hazırlanan LC hücrelerine, izotropik sıvıdan (I) daha yüksek bir sıcaklıkta kılcal kuvvet altında bir spatula kullanılarak bir LC malzemesi 4&#39;-butil-4-heptil-bisikloheksil-4-karbonitril (CCN47; 0.2-10 uL) Nematik (N) faz geçiş sıcaklığı. NOT: CCN47 negatif bir dielektrik anizotropisi vardır ve faz sırası Cry 298.6 K SmA 301.3 KN 33&#39;tür1.3 KI, burada Cry ve SmA kristal ve smektik A safhalarıdır. CCN47&#39;yi N fazında veya SmA fazında uygulamayın çünkü akışla indüklenen hizalama terfi edilebilir. </li></ol> 3. Örnek Karakterizasyonu <ol><li> Polarize optik mikroskopi (POM) ile doku gözlemi 10 <ol><li> ± 0.1 K doğrulukla numune sıcaklığını kontrol etmek için bir sıcak kademe ile birlikte 4-100X objektif mercekleri olan POM altında LC hücrelerini izleyin. Dokuları, Kelvin başına eşit aralıklarla, 5 kareden fazla çerçevede kaydedin. Soğutma ve ısıtma işlemlerinde 291-343 K aralığında dijital renkli bir kamera kullanın. </li></ol></li><li> Dielektrik spektroskopi (DS) 11 <ol><li> LC hücrelerini, ITO elektrotlarıyla hazırlayın - bunlar, kare veya dairesel şekle sahip olabilir ve ticari olarak satın alınabilir - her iki yüzey üzerinde de. Her bir alt tabakaya bir kurşun teli lehimleyin. NOT: Kullanılan alt katmanlar için Malzeme Listesi&#39;ne bakın. </li><li> Ticari bir impedans / kazanım fazı analizörü kullanarak, POM için olduğu gibi, LC hücrelerinin kapasitansını veya dielektrik sabitini ölçün. Numunelerin durumunun her ölçümden önce dengelenmesini sağlayın. LC hücrelerinin kapasitansını her 5 dakikada manuel olarak ölçerek kapasitansın veya LC hücrelerinin dielektrik sabitinin zaman bağımlılığını ölçün. </li><li> DS ölçümünü ancak LC hücrelerinin kapasitans veya dielektrik sabitinin zamana bağlı olmadığı durumlarda başlatın. </li></ol></li><li> Yüksek çözünürlüklü diferansiyel tarama kalorimetresi (HR-DSC) 12 <ol><li> LC hücrelerini tam olarak POM&#39;da olduğu gibi incelenecek ev yapımı HR-DSC&#39;ye yerleştirin ( asla DSC tava kullanmayın). Bir İK-DSC tasarlamak ve oluşturmak ve nasıl kullanılacağını öğrenmek için Referans 12&#39;ye bakın. Minimum sıcaklık çözünürlüğünü arttırmak için 0.05-0.10 K / dak&#39;lık tarama oranlarıyla ölçüm yapıner. </li></ol></li><li> Otlatma olayı X ışını kırınımı (GI-XRD) 13 <ol><li> LC hücresini (POM veya DSC için kullanılır) veya 2-5 μL CCN47 damlacıklı bir örneği, bir sıcaklık kontrol cihazı ile donatılmış olan GI-XRD numune aşaması üzerindeki bir kaplamalı alt tabakaya koyun. </li><li> Numuneyi hem soğutma hem de ısıtma üzerine 291-343 K aralığında istenen sıcaklıklarda 10 dk&#39;dan fazla dengeye getirin. </li><li> Moleküler yönlendirme ve düzen / yapılar hakkında yüzey bilgisini çıkarmak için, örnek üzerinde bir olaylı röntgen ışını kullanarak dakikada bir 0.05-0.10 ° lik bir olay açısı uygulayın. Kırılma mukavemetinin en güçlü olduğu en uygun yansıma açısını bulmak için X-ışını ışınının olay açısını döndürün. En uygun olay açısında ölçüm yapın. NOT: GI-XRD&#39;nin, nanometre ölçeğinde arayüzey özelliklerini saptamayı mümkün kıldığını ve dolayısıyla ince l&#39;den gelen sinyali maksimize ettiğini aklınızda bulundurunToplu gelen sinyali en aza indirirken ayerler. GI-XRD dışındaki normal XRD geometrileri, X-ışını radyasyon ışınının malzemelere nüfuz derinliğine sahip olduğundan yüzey duyarlı yöntem değildir. </li></ol></li></ol>

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Yazarların açıklayacak bir şeyi yok.

5 μm&#39;lik bir LC hücresi ( Şekil 1a ve b ) kullanılarak alınan 10x POM görüntüleri, birinci derece biçimde sıcaklık değişimi üzerine, toplu LC moleküllerinin yönelimli durumunun P ve V yönleri arasında geçiş yaptığını açıkça göstermektedir. Bu, etki alanı çekirdeklenme ve büyüme süreçleri ile işaretlenir ve başlangıç ​​yönünden 90 ° farklı yeni bir yönlendirme bulunur. Soğutma ve ısıtma sırasındaki geçiş sıcaklıkları sırasıyl...

Son yıllarda, harici uyaranlara tepki olarak yüzey moleküllerinin dinamik moleküler özelliklerinin ve yapılarının, LC devletlerinde malzemelerin yığın yönelimini nasıl etkileyebileceğini öğrenmeye olan ilgi artmaktadır. Bir örnek LC 1 , 2&#39;nin yeni bir uygulaması olarak LC biyosensörlerin kullanılmasıdır. Kaç tane hedef biyo-türün tespit edildiğini ölçmek için yapışkan hedef moleküllere temas eden arayüzey LC&#39;lerin nasıl değiştiğini ve geliştiklerini bilmek önemlidir; aynı zamanda bunların özelliklerini toplu halde nasıl aktardıklarını / aktardıklarını tespit ederler. Bu cevapları takip etmek için modeller kullanarak, yüzeyel moleküler yönelimi ve kısa menzilli siparişleri termodinamik olarak değişen sistemler ile başlattık. Bu sistemler, yüzey yönelimi ve sıralamadaki değişiklikleri, ortaya çıkan toplu yönlendirme ile sistematik bir şekilde ilişkilendirmemize izin verir. Son zamanlarda, çeşitli LC sistemleri oRientasyonel geçişler, burada spontan bir yığın moleküler oryantasyon sıcaklık ile değişir. Prensipte yönelim geçişleri, quasi-second-order 3 , 4 veya quasi-first-order transition 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 olarak kategorize edilebilir. Birincisi, sıcaklık değişiklikleri üzerine sürekli bir yığın moleküler yönelimi getirirken, ikincisi süreksiz olanı gösterir. Bu makalede, P ve V yönelim durumları arasındaki yarı birinci dereceden bir oryantasyon geçişini tanımlıyoruz. Sıcaklığı değiştirerek tekli Nematik (N) fazda ilerlemektedir. Detaylar Temsilcilik Sonuçlarında ve Tartışmada sağlanacaktır. Kütlenin oryantal değişikliği, yüzey moleküler yöneliminde ve kısa bir değişiklikleBu sistemin, yüzey moleküler oryantasyonundaki termodinamik değişikliğin ve kısa menzilli sıralamaların toplu yönlendirmeyi nasıl etkilediği konusunda potansiyel olarak içgörüler sunabileceği açıktır. Bu makalede, yukarıda bahsedilen konuları anlamak amacıyla, dört tamamlayıcı yöntemi ( yani, POM, DS, İK-DSC ve GI-XRD) kullanarak üç problem üzerinde durduk: (1) Yönelimli geçiş nasıl görünüyor? (2) Yönlü geçiş, termal olarak saptanabilir mi? (3) Yönelimli geçiş neden ve nasıl meydana gelir?

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orientational transition in a liquid crystal triggered by the thermodynamic growth of interfacial wetting sheets

Sıvı kristal (LC) fizikokimyondaki yüzey yakınındaki moleküller, yığın yöneliminin kontrolünde büyük rol oynamaktadır. Şimdiye dek, esasen LC göstergelerinde istenen moleküler yönlendirme durumlarını elde etmek için, yüzey tutkallaması olarak adlandırılan LC&#39;lerin &quot;statik&quot; yüzey özelliği yoğun bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Kural olarak, LC&#39;lerin başlangıç ​​yönelimi sürtünme veya spesifik bir hizalama tabakası ile işleme gibi spesifik yüzey uygulamaları tarafından &quot;kilitli&quot; hale getirildiğinde, sıcaklık ile pek değişmez. Burada, fikir birliği ile çatışan, sıcaklık değişimi üzerine oryantasyonlu bir geçiş sergileyen bir sistem sunuyoruz. Geçişte, seri LC molekülleri, birinci derece geçiş tarzında düşük sıcaklıklarda yüksek sıcaklıklarda düzlemsel (P) yönlendirme ve dikey (V) yönlendirme arasında 90 ° lik oryantasyon dönüşümü yaşar. Termodinamik yüzey tutturma davranışını polarize optik mikroskopi ile izledik (POM), dielektrik spektroskopi (DS), yüksek çözünürlüklü diferansiyel tarama kalorimetresi (HR-DSC) ve otlatma insidansı X-ışını kırınımı (GI-XRD) ve makul bir fiziki açıklama getirdi: geçişin yüzeyin büyümesiyle tetiklendiğini Islak sayfalardır ve bu da V yönünü toplu olarak P yönüne karşı dayatır. Bu manzara, birçok LC sisteminde denge yığın yöneliminin yüzey lokalize yönlendirmeden nasıl etkilendiğini açıklayan genel bir bağlantı sağlayacaktır. Karakterizasyonumuzda, POM ve DS, LC moleküllerinin yöneliminin mekansal dağılımı hakkında bilgi sunarak avantajlıdır. HR-DSC, sınırlı çözünürlükten ötürü konvansiyonel DSC cihazları tarafından ele alınamayan geçişler hakkında kesin termodinamik bilgi hakkında bilgi verir. GI-XRD, yüzey spesifik moleküler oryantasyon ve kısa menzilli siparişler hakkında bilgi sağlar. Bu makalenin amacı transi sergileyen bir örnek hazırlamak için bir protokol sunmaktır.Hem dökme hem de yüzeydeki termodinamik yapısal değişimin yukarıda belirtilen yöntemlerle nasıl analiz edilebileceğini göstermek.

Sıcaklık değişimi sırasında, özellikle soğutma ve ısıtma üzerine, oryantasyon geçişinin yakın çevresinde POM görüntüleri, DS verileri, HR-DSC verileri ve GI-XRD paternleri toplandı. Şekil 1 , soğutma (ısıtma) esnasında P (V) den V (P) yönelimli duruma oryantasyon geçişinin POM gözlemi sırasında POM ve DS ölçümleri tarafından yapılan dokunun gelişimini göstermek...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets at JoVE.com

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Burada, sıcaklığa tepki olarak bir sıvı kristalin yönlendirici geçişini tetikleyen bir protokol sunuyoruz. Geçişi ve ayrıntılı geçiş evrimini izlemek için bir örnek hazırlamak için yöntemler anlatılmıştır.

Yüzey Islatma Levhalarının Termodinamik Büyümesi ile tetiklenen Sıvı Kristalde Oryantasyon Geçişi

In liquid crystal (LC) physical chemistry, molecules near the surface play a great role in controlling bulk orientation. Thus far, mainly to achieve ...

orientational-transition-liquid-crystal-triggered-thermodynamic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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7.1K Görüntüleme.  RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS).  Burada, sıcaklığa tepki olarak bir sıvı kristalin yönlendirici geçişini tetikleyen bir protokol sunuyoruz. Geçişi ve ayrıntılı geçiş evrimini izlemek için bir örnek hazırlamak için yöntemler anlatılmıştır. 

Video: Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays

In this article, we describe a simple method to reversibly tune the wetting properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Here, CNT arrays are defined as densely packed multi-walled carbon nanotubes oriented perpendicular to the growth substrate as a result of a growth process by the standard thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique.1,2 These CNT arrays are then exposed to vacuum annealing treatment to make them more hydrophobic or to dry oxidation treatment to render them more hydrophilic. The hydrophobic CNT arrays can be turned hydrophilic by exposing them to dry oxidation treatment, while the hydrophilic CNT arrays can be turned hydrophobic by exposing them to vacuum annealing treatment. Using a combination of both treatments, CNT arrays can be repeatedly switched between hydrophilic and hydrophobic.2 Therefore, such combination show a very high potential in many industrial and consumer applications, including drug delivery system and high power density supercapacitors.3-5
The key to vary the wettability of CNT arrays is to control the surface concentration of oxygen adsorbates. Basically oxygen adsorbates can be introduced by exposing the CNT arrays to any oxidation treatment. Here we use dry oxidation treatments, such as oxygen plasma and UV/ozone, to functionalize the surface of CNT with oxygenated functional groups. These oxygenated functional groups allow hydrogen bond between the surface of CNT and water molecules to form, rendering the CNT hydrophilic. To turn them hydrophobic, adsorbed oxygen must be removed from the surface of CNT. Here we employ vacuum annealing treatment to induce oxygen desorption process. CNT arrays with extremely low surface concentration of oxygen adsorbates exhibit a superhydrophobic behavior.

This article describes a simple method to fabricate vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays by CVD and to subsequently tune their wetting properties by exposing them to vacuum annealing or dry oxidation treatment.

Karbon Nanotube Dizilerin Islatma Özellikleri Tuning Tedaviler Tavlama Kuru Oksidasyon ve Vakum

In this article, we describe a simple method to reversibly  tune the wetting properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays.  Here, CNT ...

Mühendislik

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Most modern radiation therapy devices allow the use of very small fields, either through beamlets in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or via stereotactic radiotherapy where positioning accuracy allows delivering very high doses per fraction in a small volume of the patient. Dosimetric measurements on medical accelerators are conventionally realized using air-filled ionization chambers. However, in small beams these are subject to nonnegligible perturbation effects. This study focuses on liquid ionization chambers, which offer advantages in terms of spatial resolution and low fluence perturbation. Ion recombination effects are investigated for the microLion detector (PTW) used with the Cyberknife system (Accuray). The method consists of performing a series of water tank measurements at different source-surface distances, and applying corrections to the liquid detector readings based on simultaneous gaseous detector measurements. This approach facilitates isolating the recombination effects arising from the high density of the liquid sensitive medium and obtaining correction factors to apply to the detector readings. The main difficulty resides in achieving a sufficient level of accuracy in the setup to be able to detect small changes in the chamber response.

A growing number of radiation therapy devices offer the advantage of delivering the dose through very small beams to the tumor, allowing for increased conformity and higher doses per fraction. Many different detectors can be used for the dosimetry of these small fields. In the present study, the effect of ion recombination is investigated for a liquid ionization chamber using a stereotactic radiation therapy system.

Sıvı İyonizasyon Odası Rekombinasyon Etkileri Karakterizasyonu bir Radyocerrahi Accelerator Dozimetri için kullanılır

Most modern radiation therapy devices allow the use of very small fields, either through beamlets in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or via ...

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Magnetic beads with ~1.9 &#181;m average diameter were used to transport microliter volumes of liquids between contiguous liquid segments with a tube for the purpose of investigating phase change of those liquid segments. The magnetic beads were externally controlled using a magnet, allowing for the beads to bridge the air valve between the adjacent liquid segments. A hydrophobic coating was applied to the inner surface of the tube to enhance the separation between two liquid segments. The applied magnetic field formed an aggregate cluster of magnetic beads, capturing a certain liquid amount within the cluster that is referred to as carry-over volume. A fluorescent dye was added to one liquid segment, followed by a series of liquid transfers, which then changed the fluorescence intensity in the neighboring liquid segment. Based on the numerical analysis of the measured fluorescence intensity change, the carry-over volume per mass of magnetic beads has been found to be ~2 to 3 &#181;l/mg. This small amount of liquid allowed for the use of comparatively small liquid segments of a couple hundred microliters, enhancing the feasibility of the device for a lab-in-tube approach. This technique of applying small compositional variation in a liquid volume was applied to analyzing the binary phase diagram between water and the surfactant C12E5 (pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether), leading to quicker analysis with smaller sample volumes than conventional methods.

Here, we present a protocol to investigate multi-component phase diagrams using externally controlled magnetic beads as liquid carriers in a lab-in-tube approach. This approach can aid in applications that seek to gather further information on phase change in complex liquid systems.

Faz Diyagramı Karakterizasyonu Sıvı Taşıyıcılar Manyetik Boncuk Kullanarak

Magnetic beads with ~1.9 &#181;m average diameter were used to transport microliter volumes of liquids between contiguous liquid segments with a tube for ...

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Due to their abundance in natural clay and potential applications in advanced materials, discotic nanoparticles are of interest to scientists and engineers. Growth of such anisotropic nanocrystals through a simple chemical method is a challenging task. In this study, we fabricate discotic nanodisks of zirconium phosphate [Zr(HPO4)2&#183;H2O] as a model material using hydrothermal, reflux and microwave-assisted methods. Growth of crystals is controlled by duration time, temperature, and concentration of reacting species. The novelty of the adopted methods is that discotic crystals of size ranging from hundred nanometers to few micrometers can be obtained while keeping the polydispersity well within control. The layered discotic crystals are converted to monolayers by exfoliation with tetra-(n)-butyl ammonium hydroxide [(C4H9)4NOH, TBAOH]. Exfoliated disks show isotropic and nematic liquid crystal phases. Size and polydispersity of disk suspensions is highly important in deciding their phase behavior.

A two dimensional model material of discotic zirconium phosphate was developed. The inorganic crystal with lamellar structure was synthesized by hydrothermal, reflux, and microwave-assisted methods. On exfoliation with organic molecules, layered crystals can be converted to monolayers, and nematic liquid crystal phase was formed at sufficient concentration of monolayers.

Sentezi ve diskotik Zirkonyum Fosfatların Eksfoliasyon Kolloidal Sıvı Kristaller Edinme

Due to their abundance in natural clay and potential applications in advanced materials, discotic nanoparticles are of interest to scientists and ...

Kimya

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

A strategy based on doped liquid crystalline networks is described to create mechanical self-sustained oscillations of plastic films under continuous light irradiation. The photo-excitation of dopants that can quickly dissipate light into heat, coupled with anisotropic thermal expansion and self-shadowing of the film, gives rise to the self-sustained deformation. The oscillations observed are influenced by the dimensions and the modulus of the film, and by the directionality and intensity of the light. The system developed offers applications in energy conversion and harvesting for soft-robotics and automated systems.
The general method described here consists of creating free-standing liquid crystalline films and characterizing the mechanical and thermal effects observed. The molecular alignment is achieved using alignment layers (rubbed polyimide), commonly used in the display manufacturing industry. To obtain actuators with large deformation, the mesogens are aligned and polymerized in a splay/bend configuration, i.e., with the director of the liquid crystals (LCs) going gradually from planar to homeotropic through the film thickness. Upon irradiation, the mechanical and thermal oscillations obtained are monitored with a high-speed camera. The results are further quantified by image analysis using an image processing program.

The goal of the protocol is to create liquid crystalline polymer films that can mechanically oscillate under continuous light irradiation. We describe in great detail the conception of free-standing films, from the liquid crystal alignment method to the photo-actuation. The experimental protocol applied to prepare this material is broadly applicable.

Işık tarafından indüklenen makroskopik salınım hareketi için sıvı kristal ağlar hazırlanması

A strategy based on doped liquid crystalline networks is described to create mechanical self-sustained oscillations of plastic films under continuous ...

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

We discuss in this article the experimental measurements of the molecules in liquid crystal (LC) phase using the time-resolved infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy and time-resolved electron diffraction. Liquid crystal phase is an important state of matter that exists between the solid and liquid phases and it is common in natural systems as well as in organic electronics. Liquid crystals are orientationally ordered but loosely packed, and therefore, the internal conformations and alignments of the molecular components of LCs can be modified by external stimuli. Although advanced time-resolved diffraction techniques have revealed picosecond-scale molecular dynamics of single crystals and polycrystals, direct observations of packing structures and ultrafast dynamics of soft materials have been hampered by blurry diffraction patterns. Here, we report time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffractometry to acquire ultrafast snapshots of a columnar LC material bearing a photoactive core moiety. Differential-detection analyses of the combination of time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffraction are powerful tools for characterizing structures and photoinduced dynamics of soft materials.

Here, we present the protocols of differential-detection analyses of time-resolved infrared vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffraction which enable observations of the deformations of local structures around photoexcited molecules in a columnar liquid crystal, giving an atomic perspective on the relationship between the structure and the dynamics of this photoactive material.

Yapısal Photoresponsive sıvı kristaller dinamikleri gözlemlemek için yeni teknikleri

We discuss in this article the experimental measurements of the molecules in liquid crystal (LC) phase using the time-resolved infrared (IR) vibrational ...

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

This paper focuses on the microfluidic process (and its parameters) to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. The preparation usually consists in the formation of droplets containing low molar mass liquid crystals at elevated temperatures. Subsequently, these particle precursors are oriented in the flow field of the capillary and solidified by a crosslinking polymerization, which produces the final actuating particles. The optimization of the process is necessary to obtain the actuating particles and the proper variation of the process parameters (temperature and flow rate) and allows variations of size and shape (from oblate to strongly prolate morphologies) as well as the magnitude of actuation. In addition, it is possible to vary the type of actuation from elongation to contraction depending on the director profile induced to the droplets during the flow in the capillary, which again depends on the microfluidic process and its parameters. Furthermore, particles of more complex shapes, like core-shell structures or Janus particles, can be prepared by adjusting the setup. By the variation of the chemical structure and the mode of crosslinking (solidification) of the liquid crystalline elastomer, it is also possible to prepare actuating particles triggered by heat or UV-vis irradiation.

This article describes the microfluidic process and parameters to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. This process allows the preparation of actuating particles and the variation of their size and shape (from oblate to strongly prolate, core-shell, and Janus morphologies) as well as the magnitude of actuation.

Sıvı kristal Elastomer aktüatörler mikrosıvısal hazırlanması

This paper focuses on the microfluidic process (and its parameters) to prepare actuating particles from liquid crystalline elastomers. The preparation ...

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential applications for future device technologies such as sensors and storage. However, conventional approaches, which usually utilize materials containing magnetic metal ions (or radicals), have a major problem: only a few materials have been found to show the coupling phenomena at room temperature. Recently, we proposed a new approach to achieve room-temperature magnetoelectrics. In contrast to conventional approaches, our alternative proposal focuses on a completely different material, a &#34;liquid crystal&#34;, free from magnetic metal ions. In such liquid crystals, a magnetic field can be utilized to control the orientational state of constituent molecules and the corresponding electric polarization through magnetic anisotropy of the molecules; it is an unprecedented mechanism of the magnetoelectric effect. In this context, this paper provides a protocol to measure ferroelectric properties induced by a magnetic field, that is, the direct magnetoelectric effect, in a liquid crystal. With the method detailed here, we successfully detected magnetically-tuned electric polarization in the chiral smectic C phase of a liquid crystal at room temperature. Taken together with the flexibility of constituent molecules, which directly affects the magnetoelectric responses, the introduced method will serve to allow liquid crystal cells to acquire more functions as room-temperature magnetoelectrics and associated optical materials.

In this report, we present a protocol to examine direct magnetoelectric effects, i.e., induction of ferroelectric polarization by applying magnetic fields, in liquid crystals. This protocol provides a unique approach, supported by the softness of liquid crystals, to achieve room-temperature magnetoelectrics.

Manyetik olarak ayarlı ölçüm Ferroelectric polarizasyon sıvı kristaller içinde

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due ...

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

LCEs are shape-responsive materials with fully reversible shape change and potential applications in medicine, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and as soft robots. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of shape-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and LCE nanocomposites along with characterization of their shape-responsiveness, mechanical properties, and microstructure. Two types of LCEs &#8212; polysiloxane-based and epoxy-based &#8212; are synthesized, aligned, and characterized. Polysiloxane-based LCEs are prepared through two crosslinking steps, the second under an applied load, resulting in monodomain LCEs. Polysiloxane LCE nanocomposites are prepared through the addition of conductive carbon black nanoparticles, both throughout the bulk of the LCE and to the LCE surface. Epoxy-based LCEs are prepared through a reversible esterification reaction. Epoxy-based LCEs are aligned through the application of a uniaxial load at elevated (160 &#176;C) temperatures. Aligned LCEs and LCE nanocomposites are characterized with respect to reversible strain, mechanical stiffness, and liquid crystal ordering using a combination of imaging, two-dimensional X-ray diffraction measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. LCEs and LCE nanocomposites can be stimulated with heat and/or electrical potential to controllably generate strains in cell culture media, and we demonstrate the application of LCEs as shape-responsive substrates for cell culture using a custom-made apparatus.

We demonstrate the preparation of siloxane-based and epoxy-based liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and LCE nanocomposites. The LCEs are characterized with respect to reversible strain, liquid crystal ordering, and stiffness. As a potential application, we demonstrate their use as shape-responsive substrates in a custom device for active cell culture.

Monodomain Sıvı Kristal Elastomerler ve Likit Kristal Elastomer Nanokompozitlerinin Hazırlanması

LCEs are shape-responsive materials with fully reversible shape change and potential applications in medicine, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and ...

Biyomühendislik

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Smart viscoelastic materials that respond to specific stimuli are one of the most attractive classes of materials important to future technologies, such as on-demand switchable adhesion technologies, actuators, molecular clutches, and nano-/microscopic mass transporters. Recently it was found that through a special solid-liquid transition, rheological properties can exhibit significant changes, thus providing suitable smart viscoelastic materials. However, designing materials with such a property is complex, and forward and backward switching times are usually long. Therefore, it is important to explore new working mechanisms to realize solid-liquid transitions, shorten the switching time, and enhance the contrast of rheological properties during switching. Here, a light-induced crystal-liquid phase transition is observed, which is characterized by means of polarizing light microscopy (POM), photorheometry, photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The light-induced crystal-liquid phase transition presents key features such as (1) fast switching of crystal-liquid phases for both forward and backward reactions and (2) a high contrast ratio of viscoelasticity. In the characterization, POM is advantageous in offering information on the spatial distribution of LC molecule orientations, determining the type of liquid crystalline phases appearing in the material, and studying the orientation of LCs. Photorheometry allows measurement of a material&#8217;s rheological properties under light stimuli and can reveal the photorheological switching properties of materials. Photo-DSC is a technique to investigate thermodynamic information of materials in darkness and under light irradiation. Lastly, XRD allows studying of microscopic structures of materials. The goal of this article is to clearly present how to prepare and measure the discussed properties of a photorheological material.

This protocol demonstrates the preparation of a photorheological material that exhibits a solid phase, various liquid crystalline phases, and an isotropic liquid phase by increasing temperature. Presented here are methods for measuring the structure-viscoelasticity relationship of the material.

Twist-Bend Nematic Sıvı Kristalin Yüksek Kontrastlı ve Hızlı Fotoromatolojik Geçişi

Smart viscoelastic materials that respond to specific stimuli are one of the most attractive classes of materials important to future technologies, such ...