Bu çalışma Kore (2013R1A1A1061387) Ulusal Araştırma Vakfı ve KU-KIST araştırma fonu tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Öncülünün 1. Hazırlık <ol><li> Grafen oksit (GO) hazırlanması: <ol><li> GO hazırlık Hummer yöntemi 14 modifiye kullanarak <ol><li> Konsantre H2 karışımı grafit pul 3.0 g ekleyin SO 4 3 PO / H 4 (360: 40 mi), oda sıcaklığında karıştırıldı. (Not: Özel bakım PO 4 güçlü asitler SO H 2 4 ve H 3 kullanırken alınmalıdır.) </li><li> Karıştırılarak yavaş yavaş KMnO 4 (18.0 g) ilave edilir ve bir buz banyosunda soğutma &lt;35 ° C de, reaksiyon karışımının sıcaklığını korumak için. (Artmış reaksiyon süresi ile yapışkan hale çözüm verimli karıştırma korumak için uygun bir yöntem kullanmanız gerekir.) (Not: Özel bakım nedeniyle egzotermik reaksiyon KMnO 4 eklerken alınmalıdır.) </li><li> 12 50 ° C de saat ve oda sıcaklığına kadar daha sonra soğuk ve buz üzerine reaksiyon karışımının dökülmesiyle 30% H 2 O 2 (3 mi) ihtiva eden (400 mi) karıştırın. </li><li> R Filtresüpernatant kaldırmak için girmemiş grafit ve santrifüj süzüntü (2 saat 4722 xg hızı) kaldırmak için bir metal ABD Standart test elek (300 mikron) kullanarak eaction karışımı. </li><li> 5.0-6.0 çözelti ulaşma pH kadar tekrar santrifüj 200 ml su, 30% HCI 200 ml etanol içinde 200 ml bir adım ve damıtılmış su tekrarlayın. </li><li> Kabarık GO tozu üretmek için nihai çözüm lyophilize. </li><li> , Nano boyutlu GO çözelti yapmak üçlü damıtılmış su (&gt; 18 M) 40 ml GO tozu 20 mg çözülür ve daha sonra uzun süreli sonikasyon (% 35 genlik, 500 W, 2 saat) ile pul pul amacıyla bütün ebat dağılımı haline gelinceye kadar 150 nm altında, daha sonra çökeltileri (un dağılmış geniş GO yaprak) kaldırmak için bunu iki kez (10.625 xg hızı, 15 dk) santrifüj. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Plasmonik nanopartikül hazırlanması <ol><li> AuNPs hazırlanması <ol><li> Sitrat stabilize küresel şekli altın nanoparçacık (Aun30 nm partiküller boyut Ps, OD = 1,0) r-GO azaltılması için kullanılmıştır. </li></ol></li><li> AuNRs 15 Hazırlanması <ol><li> 0.1 M setiltrimetilamonyum bromid HAuCl 4 (0.01 M), 0.25 ve 9.75 mi mi (CTAB oluşan sulu bir karışım çözeltisi içine oluşturmakta NaBH4 çözeltisi (0.01 M) ihtiva eden yeni hazırlanmış bir 0.6 ml buz gibi soğuk çözeltisi ilave edilerek tohum çözeltisi hazırlayın ). </li><li> 0.5 dakika boyunca şiddetli bir şekilde elde edilen karışım karıştırılır ve sonra 3 saat boyunca 28 ° C&#39;de muhafaza edin. </li><li> CTAB 475 ml (0.1 M) iyodinin 3 (0.01 M) 3 ml HAuCl 4 20 ml (0,01 M) karıştırılarak büyüme çözeltisi hazırlayın. </li><li> Daha sonra taze bir sulu HCI (1.0 M) çözeltisinin 0.8 ml ilave edildi karışımına askorbik asit (0.01 M) 3.2 ml hazırlanabilir ilave edin. </li><li> Son aşamada 28 ° C&#39;de büyüme çözeltisine tohum çözeltisi 3,2 ml ilave C ° ve birkaç saniye için hızlı ters reaksiyon karışımı tabi. Son olarak, keEn az 6 saat boyunca rahatsız edilmeden elde edilen karışımın ep. </li><li> UV-Görünür absorpsiyon maxima için spektroskopisi (λ max) ve TEM analizi ile hazırlanan AuNRs analiz (genellikle λ max ve boy oranı 730 nm ve 3.5 sırasıyla olduğu tespit edildi). </li></ol></li><li> AuNSs 16 Hazırlanması <ol><li> 100 mM konsantrasyona sahip 4- (2-hidroksietil) sulu stok solüsyonu -1-piperazinetansülfonik asit (HEPES) hazırlayın, ve 1.0 M NaOH solüsyonu ilave edilerek 25 ° C&#39;de 7.4 pH ayarlamak. </li><li> 2- [4- (2-hidroksietil) -1-piperazinil] etansülfonik asit (100 mM) 30 ml fosfat tamponu (100 mM) 20 ml karıştırın. </li><li> Daha sonra yukarıdaki karışıma altın (III) klorid trihidrat (20 mM) 500 ul ilave edin, su banyosu içinde 30 dakika için 28.5 ° C &#39;de devam edin. Yeşilimsi mavi ışık sarı çözelti renk değişiklikleri 30 dakika görülebiliyor sonra. </li><li> 30 dakika boyunca 8928 xg hızında çözüm Santrifüj ve dağıtmakdamıtılmış su içinde çökelir. </li><li> Son olarak, sırasıyla 740 nm ve 30 nm, olduğu bulunmuştur, partiküllerin ölçüleri onay için UV-Görünür absorpsiyon maksimumları spektroskopisi (λ max) ve TEM analizi ile hazırlanan AuNSs analiz eder. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. Hazırlık Görünür Işık ve AuNPs kullanılması r-GO <ol><li> Plasmonik nanopartiküllerin 1 ml ilave edilir (Abs AuNPs 520 nm, Abs AuNRs 750 nm ve AuNSs 730 nm&#39;de Abs 1,0, sırasıyla en 1.0&#39;da 1.0) ve amonyum hidroksit, 100 ul (% 28, ağ / hac%) olarak bir su-devridaim ceketi ile teçhiz edilmiş bir Pyrex cam bir reaktör içerisine yerleştirildi GO çözeltisi (230 nm, 0,125 mg mi -1 OD 1.0), 10 ml. </li><li> 25 ° C&#39;de sıcaklığı korumak ve daha sonra 15 dakika boyunca 10.625 x g hızında santrifüj çözelti su sirkülasyon ceketi içinden su sirkülasyonu ile 30 dakika boyunca Xe lambası (1,56 W cm -2 arasında güç yoğunluğu) ile karışım ışın tedavisialtın nanopartiküller kaldırmak. </li><li> Içeren süpernatant atın hazırlanan r-GO 200-900 nm aralığında (270 nm belirgin absorpsiyon bandı göstermelidir r-GO) UV-Visible spektrofotometre ile analiz etmek. </li></ol> 3. Hedef DNA Tespit r-GO Çözüm 17 Kullanma <ol><li> Floresans için, (GO 25 ul içeren GO veya r-GO çözeltisi içine 0,125 inç 10 -6 M Cy3 modifiye ssDNA (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT TAA CAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;) 20 ul ekleyin mg ml-1) ya da 0.3 M PBS çözeltisi (10 mM fosfat tampon maddesi, 0.3 M NaCl) 1955 ul r-GO (0.125 mg, ml-1) ve oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika inkübe edilir. </li><li> Spektrofotometreyi (λ = 529 nm ex) ile bu örneklerin floresan yoğunluğu ölçülür. </li><li> Hedef Tespiti için, üç farklı konsantrasyonda (10 -6 &lt;hedef oligonükleotid çözeltisi (5&#39;GAG GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;) 200 ul ekleyin/ sup&gt; M, 10 -6 M ssDNA Cy3 20 ul, GO veya r-GO 25 ul içeren GO veya r-GO çözeltisi içine 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M) (0.125 mg ml -1) ve floresan kurtarma deney için 0.3 M PBS 1755 ul. 17 Notlar: Işık Kaynakları ve Reaktör Görünür ışık (400-780 nm) kaynağı. Görünür ışık Pyrex cam reaktör (pencere çapı = 1.1 cm) Xe lamba (1.56 W / cm 2 güç) kullanarak GO çözeltisi içeren yoluyla ışın tedavisi. Reaktöre uygulanan foton enerjisi ve dakika başına 4.8 x 10 21 fotonlar (Şekil 2A-2C) olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Yakın kızılötesi (NIR) lazer. 0,36 W / cm2 güç yoğunluğu ve GO redüksiyon reaksiyonları (Şekil 2E) için yakın kızılötesi ışık kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır mil 808 çalışma dalga boyunun NIR laser (pencere çap = 13,2 cm). Foton enerjisi min başına 2.43 × 10 21 fotonlar olarak hesaplanmıştır. REACtor: Pyrex cam reaktör (pencere çap = 1.1 cm, reaksiyon hacmi = 10 mi) suda sirkülasyon ceketi, görünür ışık ve NIR ışık hem de kullanılan GO redüksiyon reaksiyonları (Şekil 2F) maruz bırakıldı. </li></ol>

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Biz ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Altın nanopartiküller (AuNPs, AuNSs &amp; AuNRs) ile 30 dakika boyunca GO çözeltisi üzerine Görünür ışık ışınlama siyah renk (Şekil 1) açık sarı-kahverengi gelen hızlı renk değişimleri gösterdi. Yüksek verim oldukça saf r-GO ürün elde etmek için, iki önemli faktör izlemeniz gerekir vardır. AuNPs güçlü diğer yapılar (yani, AuNRs, AuNSs) arasında görünür ışığı absorbe çünkü biri etkin plasmonik katalizör olarak AuNPs kullanılmasıdır. Başka bir ...

<html> İlk geliştirilen viski-bant tabanlı yöntem 1 ve kimyasal buhar biriktirme 2 grafen bozulmamış durumunu üretmek için mükemmel yöntemler vardı, ama geniş alana sahip yüzeyde büyük ölçekli grafen sentez veya grafen tabakası oluşumu önemli bir sınırlama olarak kabul edilmiştir Önceki yöntemler. ıslak kimyasal sentetik birinci sayfasını GO üretmek için böyle bir sonikasyon gibi güçlü oksidanlar, geniş fizik tedavi ile reaksiyonları gerektirir yöntem ve oksijen işlevleri gibi nihayet azalma olacak büyük ölçekli r-GO sentezi için olası çözümün 3 Tek olarak GO hidroksi, epoksit ve karbonil grupları orijinal fiziksel özelliklerini geri kazanılması için çok önemlidir. Çoğunlukla 4, GO indirgenmesi (hidrazin veya bunun türevlerini 5 ya da ısıl işlem yöntemi ile kullanılarak kimyasal yöntem ile ya 550-1,100 ° gerçekleştirildiği bir atıl ya da indirgeme atmosferinde C). 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; Bu süreçler zehirli kimyasallar, r-GO sentezi için toplam enerji talebi artırmıştır uzun reaksiyon zamanı ve yüksek sıcaklık gerektirir. 7 UV kaynaklı, 8 foto-termal süreç olarak fotoğraf aydınlatarak azaltma işlemleri darbeli xenon kullanırken Flaş, 9 darbeli lazer 10 ve fotoğraf termal 11 de hazırlanması için rapor edilmiştir kamera flaşı ışıkları ile ısıtma destekli r-GO. Genel olarak, fotoğraf kaynaklı yöntemlerin düşük dönüşüm verimliliği UV veya darbeli kullanımına yayılır yüksek foton enerjisi sunabilirsiniz lazer ışınlama. görünür ışığın düşük foton enerji kullanımı ve r-GO sentezi için çok çekti sınırlar. plasmonik nanopartiküllerin Mükemmel ışık emme özellikleri görülebilir ve / veya NUR bölgelerde ölçüde geçerli sakıncaları artırabilir r-GO sentezi için görünür ışık kullanımı. 12,13 Hafif reaksiyon koşulları, kısa reaksiyon süresi ve toksik ch sınırlı kullanımıemicals kullanışlı bir alternatif yöntem olarak GO fotokatalitik azaltılması destekli görünür ışık kaynaklı Plasmon yapabiliriz. Bu yöntemde, plasmonik nano-tanecikleri ve görülebilir ışık kullanılarak etkili ve basit bir r-GO sentetik bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Reaksiyonun ilerlemesi gibi küresel altın nanopartiküllerinin (AuNPs), altın nanoçubuklar (AuNRs), ve altın Nanostars (AuNSs) halinde plasmonik nanopartiküllerin yapılar önemli ölçüde bağlı olduğu görülmüştür. AuNPs kullanımı GO en etkili azalma gösterdi ve nanopartiküller tekrarlanan kullanım (Şekil 1) için kolayca sökülebilir ve geri dönüşümlüdür. R-GO görülebilir ışık kullanılarak sentezlenir ve AuNPs ile karşılaştırıldığında hemen hemen eşit kalitesini gösterdi r-GO çeşitli analitik ölçümler ve floresan söndürme / geri kazanım bazlı DNA saptama yöntemi kullanımıyla gösterildiği gibi iyi bilinen kimyasal yöntemle (hidrazin) ile hazırlanmıştır.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td><td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td><td></td><td>HPLC purified by IDT</td></tr><tr><td>Gold nanoparticles (30&amp;#160;nm)</td><td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td><td>15706-20</td><td>colloidal solution</td></tr><tr><td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7365-45-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gold(III) Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>&amp;nbsp;27988-77-8</td><td>strongly hygroscopic</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>16940-66-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&amp;ge;99%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>57-09-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>50-81-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7647-14-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate&amp;nbsp; (&amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7761-88-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graphite</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7782-42-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfuric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-93-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phophoric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7664-38-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium permanganate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>7722-64-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen peroxide</td><td>JUNSEI</td><td>23150-0350</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td>1336-21-6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xe-lamp</td><td>&amp;nbsp;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NIR Laser</td><td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>6W (output power)</td></tr><tr><td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td><td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectro Fluorometer</td><td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td><td>AXIS&amp;ndash;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

Bu çalışma plasmonik nanopartiküller ile görünür ışık ışınlama kullanılarak oda sıcaklığında azaltılmış grafen oksit (r-GO) çözüm üretmek için basit, kimyasal ücretsiz, hızlı ve verimli enerji yöntemi gösterir. Plasmonik nanopartikül GO indirgenmesi etkinliğini arttırmak için kullanılır. Sadece Xe-lambası ile çözümler aydınlatılarak oda sıcaklığında 30 dakika sürer, r-GO solüsyonlar basit bir santrifüj aşamasında altın nanopartikülleri çıkararak elde edilebilir. Diğer nanoyapılar karşılaştırıldığında küresel altın nanopartikülleri (AuNPs) r-GO hazırlanması için en uygun plasmonik nano olup. Indirgenmiş graphene oksit görülebilir ışık kullanılarak hazırlanmış ve AuNPs kimyasal olarak UV-Vis spektroskopisi, Raman spektroskopisi, bir toz XRD ve XPS gibi çeşitli analitik teknikler ile desteklenmiştir grafin oksit, indirgenmiş eşit olarak niteliksel oldu. Görünür ışık ile hazırlanan indirgenmiş grafen oksit flor üzerinde mükemmel söndürme özelliklerini gösterirescent molekülleri ssDNA ve hedef DNA tespiti için mükemmel floresan kurtarma güncellenmiştir. Geri dönüşümlü AuNPs tarafından hazırlanan-GO r kimyasal azaltılmış r-GO o ile aynı kalitede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Plasmonik nanopartikül ile görünür ışığın kullanımı, r-GO sentezi için iyi bir alternatif yöntem gösterilmektedir.

Şekil 1 görünür ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık tabanlı r-GO indirgeme reaksiyonu için genel şemasını göstermektedir. 2 reaksiyonlar için enstrümantal kurulumu göstermektedir. Tepkimeden sonra, bu Şekil 3A&#39;da gösterildiği gibi, kullanılan fotokatalist (AuNSs, AuNRs veya AuNPs) çıkarmak için santrifüj adımı gereklidir. HRTEM analizi UV-Görünür analizi ile r yaklaşık 500-800 nm Şekil 3C, soğurma band?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Görünür bir ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık kullanılarak düşük grafin oksit hazırlanması için bir basit bir protokol tarif edilmektedir.

Plasmonik Nanoparçacık Kullanma Grafen Oksit Görünür ışık Bağlı Azaltma

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.4K Görüntüleme.  Korea University.  Görünür bir ışık ve plasmonik nanoparçacık kullanılarak düşük grafin oksit hazırlanması için bir basit bir protokol tarif edilmektedir. 

Video: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

Şablon Ayarlanabilir IR Absorbans ile plasmonik Altın Nanotüpler Sentez Yönetmen

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

Kimya

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Mühendislik

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological research. Perhaps the most widely used physical force to achieve noninvasive manipulation of small particles has been dielectrophoresis(DEP).1 However, DEP on its own lacks the versatility and precision that are desired when manipulating cells since it is traditionally done with stationary electrodes. Optical tweezers, which utilize a three dimensional electromagnetic field gradient to exert forces on small particles, achieve this desired versatility and precision.2 However, a major drawback of this approach is the high radiation intensity required to achieve the necessary force to trap a particle which can damage biological samples.3 A solution that allows trapping and sorting with lower optical intensities are optoelectronic tweezers (OET) but OET's have limitations with fine manipulation of small particles; being DEP-based technology also puts constraint on the property of the solution.4,5
This video article will describe two methods that decrease the intensity of the radiation needed for optical manipulation of living cells and also describe a method for orientation control. The first method is plasmonic tweezers which use a random gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array as a substrate for the sample as shown in Figure 1. The AuNP array converts the incident photons into localized surface plasmons (LSP) which consist of resonant dipole moments that radiate and generate a patterned radiation field with a large gradient in the cell solution. Initial work on surface plasmon enhanced trapping by Righini et al and our own modeling have shown the fields generated by the plasmonic substrate reduce the initial intensity required by enhancing the gradient field that traps the particle.6,7,8 The plasmonic approach allows for fine orientation control of ellipsoidal particles and cells with low optical intensities because of more efficient optical energy conversion into mechanical energy and a dipole-dependent radiation field. These fields are shown in figure 2 and the low trapping intensities are detailed in figures 4 and 5. The main problems with plasmonic tweezers are that the LSP's generate a considerable amount of heat and the trapping is only two dimensional. This heat generates convective flows and thermophoresis which can be powerful enough to expel submicron particles from the trap.9,10 The second approach that we will describe is utilizing periodic dielectric nanostructures to scatter incident light very efficiently into diffraction modes, as shown in figure 6.11 Ideally, one would make this structure out of a dielectric material to avoid the same heating problems experienced with the plasmonic tweezers but in our approach an aluminum-coated diffraction grating is used as a one-dimensional periodic dielectric nanostructure. Although it is not a semiconductor, it did not experience significant heating and effectively trapped small particles with low trapping intensities, as shown in figure 7. Alignment of particles with the grating substrate conceptually validates the proposition that a 2-D photonic crystal could allow precise rotation of non-spherical micron sized particles.10 The efficiencies of these optical traps are increased due to the enhanced fields produced by the nanostructures described in this paper.

Plasmonic tweezers and photonic crystal nanostructures are shown to produce useful enhancements in the efficiency and orientation control of optically trapping micro- and nano-particles.

Gelişmiş mikro ve Nanopartikül Manipülasyon Plasmonic ve Fotonik Kristal Nanoyapıların Kullanımı

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological ...

Biyomühendislik

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Çok fonksiyonlu Hibrid Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; Verimli plasmonik Isıtma -Au Nanoparçacıklar

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

Katmanlı Titanate Şeffaf Filmleri Interlayers Uzayda Toplama olmadan Altın Nanopartiküller Yerinde Sentez

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

Kolloidal litografi kullanarak periyodik altın Nanocup dizilerin imalatı

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising from metallic periodic arrays without involving time-resolved techniques. We have formulated the rates by quantities that can be measured by simple optical measurements. The instrumentation based on angle- and polarization-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence spectroscopy will be described in detail here. Our approach is intriguing due to its simplicity, which requires routine optics and several mechanical stages, and thus is highly affordable to most of the research laboratories.

This protocol describes the instrumentation for determining the excitation and coupling rates between light emitters and Bloch-like surface plasmon polaritons arising from periodic arrays.

Uyarma ve oranları arasında ışık Emitters ve yüzey Plasmon Polaritons kaplin belirlenmesi

We have developed a unique method to measure the excitation and coupling rates between the light emitters and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) arising ...

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using visible-range light. The purpose of this protocol is to detail a proven method for preparing plasmonic nanoparticle samples and performing single particle spectroscopy on them with DIC microscopy. Several important steps must be followed carefully in order to perform repeatable spectroscopy experiments. First, landmarks can be etched into the sample substrate, which aids in locating the sample surface and in tracking the region of interest during experiments. Next, the substrate must be properly cleaned of debris and contaminants that can otherwise hinder or obscure examination of the sample. Once a sample is properly prepared, the optical path of the microscope must be aligned, using Kohler Illumination. With a standard Nomarski style DIC microscope, rotation of the sample may be necessary, particularly when the plasmonic nanoparticles exhibit orientation-dependent optical properties. Because DIC microscopy has two inherent orthogonal polarization fields, the wavelength-dependent DIC contrast pattern reveals the orientation of rod-shaped plasmonic nanoparticles. Finally, data acquisition and data analyses must be carefully performed. It is common to represent DIC-based spectroscopy data as a contrast value, but it is also possible to present it as intensity data. In this demonstration of DIC for single particle spectroscopy, the focus is on spherical and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles.

The goal of this protocol is to detail a proven approach for the preparation of plasmonic nanoparticle samples and for performing single particle spectroscopy on them with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.

Iletim bazlı Nomarski-tipi diferansiyel girişim kontrast mikroskobu ile Plazmonik nanopartiküller üzerinde spektroskopisi gerçekleştirme

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

Yüzey Plazmon Uyarma tarafından Kolloidal Au Nanorods üzerine Pd Photodeposition

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...

Graphene-Assisted Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of AlN Film on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers are directly grown on NPSS using catalyst-free atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). By applying nitrogen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma treatment, defects are introduced into the graphene film to enhance chemical reactivity. During metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of AlN, this N-plasma treated graphene buffer enables AlN quick growth, and coalescence on NPSS is confirmed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high quality of AlN on graphene-NPSS is then evaluated by X-ray rocking curves (XRCs) with narrow (0002) and (10-12) full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as 267.2 arcsec and 503.4 arcsec, respectively. Compared to bare NPSS, AlN growth on graphene-NPSS shows significant reduction of residual stress from 0.87 GPa to 0.25 Gpa, based on Raman measurements. Followed by AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWS) growth on graphene-NPSS, AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes (DUV LEDs) are fabricated. The fabricated DUV-LEDs also demonstrate obvious, enhanced luminescence performance. This work provides a new solution for the growth of high quality AlN and fabrication of high performance DUV-LEDs using a shorter process and less costs.

A protocol for graphene-assisted growth of high-quality AlN films on nano-patterned sapphire substrate is presented.

Grafen Destekli Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy AlN Film Nano-Desenli Safir Substrat ultraviyole Işık Yayan Diyotlar için

This protocol demonstrates a method for graphene-assisted quick growth and coalescence of AlN on nano-pattened sapphire substrate (NPSS). Graphene layers ...