Name: synthesis and catalytic performance of gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous silica
Uploaded: 2015-07-09T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge National Science Foundation grant CHE- 1214068 for supporting this research project.

GMS hazırlanması 1. <ol><li> Alınan Aşağıdaki süreçte tüm kimyasalları kullanın. </li><li> Hidroklorik asit (HCl) çözeltisi 2 M 75 mi hazırlayın. Poli (etilen glikol) 2.0 g tartılır -blok-poli (propilen glikol) -blok-poli (etilen glikol) (P123, molekül ağırlığı = 5,800) ve 2 M HCI çözeltisi hazırlanır, 75 ml içine aktarın. P123 tamamen eriyene kadar oda sıcaklığında, 350 dev / dk bir hızda çözeltiye, manyetik karıştırma uygulanır. Çözelti açık olacaktır. </li><li> Küçük bir şişe ve transfer Bis 180 ul tetraetoksisilan, 4 g (TEOS, MW = 208,33) tartılır [3- (trietoksisilil) propil] -tetrasulfide (TESPTS, MW = 538,94) şişenin içine. Yavaşça şişe iki kimyasal karıştırmak için sallayın. Diğer bir ampul içinde, chloroauric asit 38 mg (HAuCl 4, 99.90%) ağırlığında ve Dİ su, 1 ml içinde çözülür. </li><li> Termokupl tarafından kontrol edilen sıcaklıkta bir yağ banyosunda 35 ° C&#39;ye kadar P123 çözelti sıcaklığının artırılması. </li><li> Ekle TEOS karışımın tümü veTESPTS P123 çözeltisine aşama 1.3 &#39;de hazırlanan ve 700 r / dak kuvvetlice manyetik karıştırma ile çözelti tutun. 2 dakika karıştırıldıktan çözüm tutun, daha sonra 30 saniye içinde adım 1.3 damla damla hazırlanan HAuCl 4 çözeltisi, tüm ekleyin. </li><li> 35 ° C&#39;de 24 saat süre ile 700 devir / dakika ile karıştırılmıştır çözüm tutun. </li><li> 24 saat sonra, 72 saat boyunca 100 ° C&#39;ye ayarlanmış bir fırın içinde kapalı bir şişe deposuna çözeltisi aktarın. Bu hidrotermal işlem denir. </li><li> Hidrotermal işlem sonra HCI kalan çıkarmak için, su ile iki kere ve etanol yıkaması, ardından bir huni altında üç kez 1. filtrasyon kağıt ve negatif basınç çözelti filtre. Her yıkama işlemi sırasında, katı üstünde su veya etanol 1 cm ekleyebilir ve malzeme kurumasını bekleyin. </li><li> 4 saat boyunca 550 ° C &#39;de, bir seramik pota ve kalsine edilmesi için filtreleme ile çökelmesini aktarın. Şöyle rampa programı ayarlayın: 25 ° C 550 ° C arasında, 2 saat için 4, 550 ° C &#39;de devamsaat, daha sonra sıcaklık 40 ° C&#39;nin altına düşene kadar kapı kapalı numune fırın içinde kalmasını sağlar. </li><li> Tavlamadan sonra plastik bir spatula ile, bir cam şişeye aktarın. Sentezlenen malzeme kırmızı renge sahiptir. </li></ol> 2. Katalitik reaksiyon, benzil alkol oksidasyonu <ol><li> Benzil alkol oksidasyonu ayrı çözücü olmaksızın, bir sıvı faz reaksiyonu, ölçü 5 benzil alkol (% 99.8) ile yıkanır ve 25 ml&#39;lik üç boyunlu bir şişeye transfer olduğu için, daha sonra GMS katalizörü 10 mg ağırlığında ve benzil ekle Alkol. </li><li> Reaksiyon sıcaklığının hassas ve düzgün kontrolü sağlamak için manyetik karıştırma ile bir sıcaklık kontrollü yağ banyosu ayarlayın. </li><li> Yağ banyosu içine benzil alkol ve katalizör ile balon koyun, daha sonra 100 ° C&#39;ye kadar sıcaklığa ayarlanmış ve 150 R / dakika karıştırılır. </li><li> Bir kütle akışı kontrolörü ile kontrol 2 ml / dk bir şişeye% 99.9 saflıkta oksijen gaz akışı. </li><li> Ne zamanYağ banyosunun sıcaklığı üç boyunlu bir şişe içine oksijen gazı tanıtmak, 100 ° C&#39;ye ulaşır ve stabilize eder. </li><li> Oksijen akış hızı ve sıcaklığı sabit tutmak, ve reaksiyon, 6 saat devam etmesine izin verir. </li><li> Tepkimeden sonra, bir # 1 filtre kağıdı ile filtre ürünü. Sıvı fazı toplayın ve gaz kromatografisi (GC), bir şişeye bir kısım aktarın. GC şişe içinde (örneğin, 36 ul numune ve 144 ul asetik asit kullanılır.) Her bir kısım örnek için dört parça HPLC dereceli asetik asit karışımı analiz için bir gaz kromatograf otomatik örnekleyici ile şişe yerleştirin. DI su ve etanol ile filtre kağıdı üzerinde, katı bir çözelti yıkayın, sonra hava içinde kurumaya bırakın. Geri dönüştürülmüş katalizör olarak bir spatula ile kurutulmuş katı toplamak. </li><li> Geri dönüşümlü katalizör üç kez 2.7 ile adım 2.3 aynı deney işlemi tekrarlayın. Her bir tekrar olarak, aşama 2.2&#39;de tanımlanan oranı ile eşleşecek şekilde benzil alkol miktarını ayarlar. </li></ol> 3. TherTermal stabilitesi Testi için GMS&#39;nin mal Tedavisi <ol><li> Sentezlenen GMS üç ayrı 300 mg bölümlerini tartılır ve cam şişelerde saklayın. Bunlar toplu 1, kontrol grubu olarak parti 2 ve parti 3. Keep toplu 1 olarak işaretlenmiş ve ısıl işlem için bir fırına toplu 2 ve toplu 3. konur. </li><li> 400 ° C &#39;de işleme aşağıda fırın Programı: 400 ° C, 25 ° C ile rampa 0.5 saat içinde, 4 saat süre ile 400 ° C&#39; de muhafaza Örnek kapı ile fırın içinde kalmasına izin sıcaklık düşme kadar kapalı 40 ° C&#39;nin altında. Bir potada toplu 2 koyun ve programı başlatın. </li><li> 650 ° C&#39;de işleme aşağıda fırın Programı: Kapı kapalı sıcaklığı altına düşene kadar 650 ° C&#39;ye kadar 25 ° C ila rampa 0.75 saat içinde, 4 saat süre ile 650 ° C &#39;de muhafaza, örnek fırın içinde kalmasına izin 40 ° C. Bir potada toplu 3. koyun ve programı başlatın. </li></ol> 4. KarakterizasyonuGMS Malzemelerin 21,22 arasında <ol><li> 60 dakika boyunca 90 ° C ve 480 dakika daha sonra, 350 ° C: fiziksel adsorpsiyon cihazı üzerinde, gazını, aşağıdaki program ile malzeme GMS. Fiziksel adsorpsiyon verileri elde etmek degased malzemeler üzerinde tam izoterm analizi çalıştırın. </li><li> 200 meş holey karbon TEM ızgara üzerinde GMS örnek dağıtın ve bir transmisyon elektron mikroskobu altında örnek görüyoruz. Malzemeyi korumak için 44,000X altında büyütme kısıtlayın. </li><li> Cu Ka radyasyonu (λ = 1,5418 Å) ile çalıştırın XRD. Set 45 kV tüp voltajı ve 40 mA tüp akımı. 0.008 ° &#39;lik bir adım boyutuna ve her adımda 5 saniye kadar bir ölçüm süresine sahip 2θ aralığında ° 10 ° ve 90 yoğunluğunun toplayın. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Sentez protokolü içinde, yüzey aktif madde konsantrasyonu, çözelti ve reaksiyon sıcaklığı, pH dikkat GMS başarılı bir şekilde oluşması için gereklidir. kritik adımlar 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 ve 1.6 bulunmaktadır. Yukarıda belirtilen parametreler, yüzey aktif oluşan misellerin kritik paketleme parametresi ve faz kontrol eder. misel faz ve morfolojisi GMS için çerçeve olarak hizmet veren silika matris, son durumunu belirler. Ayrıca oluşum sürecinde önemli bir dizisi ve HAuCl çözeltisi ekleme zamanı. T...

Kataliz uygulamaları büyük bir potansiyele sahip gelişmekte olan bir teknoloji olduğu gibi, nano ölçekli malzemeler geçmiş yıllarda yoğun araştırma ilgi aldık. Nano ölçekli katalizörleri rapor arasında, örneğin, Au, Ag, Pd ve Pt gibi soy metal katalizörler, dünya çapında önem 1-3 çekmiştir. Seçin katalitik reaksiyonlar Au ile ilgili Pt, Pd Heck katalizörler üzerinde reaksiyonu ve su bölme karbon monoksit araştırmacıların oksidasyonunu içerir. Gelecek vaat eden bir katalitik potansiyeline rağmen, nano ölçekli altın bağlı zehirlenme, koklaştırma, termal bozulma ve sinterlemeden ve kapatma uygulanabilirliği sınırlıdır. Bu soylu metaller için bir temsilcisi olarak, yüksek seçiciliğe sahiptir ve daha az metal liçi eğilimli, aşırı oksidasyon ve 4. kendini zehirlediğini, yani altın bildirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, altın katalitik performansı kuvvetli partikül büyüklüğüne bağlıdır. Haruta ve diğ., Katalitik performansı ve gitmek arasındaki ilişkiyi bildirdild kümesi çap, partikül büyüklüğü 2.7 mil 5 ~ altın katalizörlerin en yüksek faaliyeti gösteren. soy metallerin parçacık boyutu hazırlama yöntemi 6-9 ile kontrol edilebilir; Ancak, geniş bir uygulama yolunda önemli engel toplama ve etkinlik kaybı kalır. Sinterleme problemini çözmek için, ortak bir yöntem, bir destek malzemesi üzerinde, nano ölçekli parçacıkların hareketsiz etmektir. Çeşitli destek malzemeleri, gözenekli silis, 10-11, yan iletken metal oksitler, 12-13, polimer 14, grafen 15 ve karbon nanotüplerin 16 de dahil olmak üzere tatbik edilmiştir. Bu termal ve kimyasal olarak kararlı, nispeten atıl, sadece hafif asidiktir ve çok iyi tanımlanmış mezo / mikro-gözenekli hazırlanabilir için kullanılan malzemeler arasında, gözenekli silika destek olarak çekici bir maddedir. gözenekli yapı, metal parçacıklar için iyi destek sağlar, aynı zamanda boyut seçici substrat erişimi verirmetali katalizörleri. Bu seçicilik, çünkü, bu gözenekli malzemeler ile bağlantılı Ayarlanabilirliğin özellikle uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Çoğu zaman, altın partikülleri ve böylece zor silis 19 Altın nano parçacıklar hazırlamak daha silis yüzeyleri 17-18 derece hareketli olması ve hali hazırda yüksek sıcaklıklara maruz bırakıldığında çok büyük (50 + nm) reaktif olmayan partiküller oluşturmak bulunmuştur. Mukherjee vd. 3-aminopropil-trimetoksisilan ve 3-merkaptopropil-trietoksisilan ve desteklenen altın nano partiküller ile gözenekli silis MCM-41 tekil dağılımlı altın nanopartiküllerinin rapor immobilizasyon hidrojenasyon reaksiyonları için son derece etkin olduğu bulunmuştur ve altın bir ayrıştırma bulunmuştur Reaksiyonun 20. Gözenekli silis yüzey modifikasyonu rapor sonra, bir altın hazırlamak için bir yöntem gözenekli silis (GMS) duvarına arakatkılanan bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, gözenekli silis desteklenen yaklaşım ölçeklenebilir ap sunuyoriçin yaklaşım, potansiyel olarak bağımsız katalizör ve gözenekli bir ortam değiştirmek. Katalitik işlemler hayati ekonomik öneme sahip olduğundan, faydaları çok kapsamlıdır olabilir. geliştirebilme &quot;yeşil&quot; katalizörler çevre üzerinde derin olumlu etkiye sahip ve önemli endüstriyel proseslerin ekonomik fizibilite ve kaynak verimliliğini artıracak.

<table><tbody><tr><td>poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>435465-250ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tetraethoxysilane</td><td>TCI</td><td>201-083-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-tetrasulfide</td><td>GELEST</td><td>SIB1825.0-100GM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chloroauric acid</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>520918-1G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>benzyl alcohol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>305197-1L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>nitrogen physisorption</td><td>Micromeritics</td><td>Tristar II</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-ray diffraction</td><td>Philips</td><td>X&#039;Pert Pro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>transmission electron microscopy</td><td>Philips</td><td>CM200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>gas chromatography</td><td>Shimadzu</td><td>GC-2010</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis and catalytic performance of gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous silica

Umut verici bir katalitik olarak aktif nano reaktör olarak, gözenekli silis (GMS) içinde araya altın nanopartikülleri başarılı bir şekilde sentezlendi ve malzeme özellikleri incelendi. Biz gözenekli silika duvarlarında altın nano parçacıkları birleştirmek için bir pot sol-jel yaklaşımı kullanılır. Sentezi ile başlamak için, P123 miseller oluşturmak için şablon olarak kullanıldı. Daha sonra TESPTS altın nano parçacıkları birleştirmek için bir yüzey modifikasyon maddesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu işlemden sonra, TEOS asit ortamında bir polimerizasyon sürecinden bir silis kaynağı olarak ilave edildi. Hidrotermal işleme ve kalsinasyon sonra, nihai ürün satın alındı. Çeşitli teknikler altın interkalasyonlu gözenekli silika gözenekliliği, morfolojisi ve yapısı karakterize etmek yararlanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, altın interkalasyon sonra gözenekli bir silis, kararlı bir yapı göstermiştir. Bir kriter tepki olarak benzil alkolün oksidasyonu sayesinde, GMS malzemeleri yüksek seçimini gösterdibilirlik ve geri dönüşüm.

Bu yöntem, kanser (HCC4017) akciğer hücrelerine karşı normal (HBEC30KT) &#39;de hema sentez seviyesini karşılaştırmak için kullanıldı. 2, normal akciğer hücrelerinin (HBEC30KT) kıyasla kanser hücreleri (HCC4017)&#39; de hema sentez yüksek seviyede göstermektedir. hema sentezi seviyesi, aynı zamanda mitokondriyal uncoupler karbonil siyanit 3-klorofenilhidrazon (CCCP) varlığında, normal ve kanserli hücrelerde ölçülmüştür. Hücreler, heme sentez seviyelerinin ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

Sentezi ve Mezogözenekli Silika Walls Altın interkalasyonlu Katalitik Performans

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

synthesis-catalytic-performance-gold-intercalated-walls-mesoporous

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.0K Görüntüleme.  Colorado School of Mines. Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

Video: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle diameters ranging from 30-250 nm by varying the reaction conditions. Through the selection of a microwave compatible solvent, silicic acid precursor, catalyst, and microwave irradiation time, these microwave-assisted methods were capable of overcoming the previously reported shortcomings associated with synthesis of silica nanoparticles using microwave reactors. The siloxane precursor was hydrolyzed using the acid catalyst, HCl. Acetone, a low-tan &#948; solvent, mediates the condensation reactions and has minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field. Condensation reactions begin when the silicic acid precursor couples with the microwave radiation, leading to silica nanoparticle sol formation. The silica nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering data and scanning electron microscopy, which show the materials&#39; morphology and size to be dependent on the reaction conditions. Microwave-assisted reactions produce silica nanoparticles with roughened textured surfaces that are atypical for silica sols produced by St&#246;ber&#39;s methods, which have smooth surfaces.

Silica nanoparticles were prepared using acid-catalysis of a siloxane precursor and microwave-assisted synthetic techniques resulting in the controlled growth of nanomaterials ranging from 30-250 nm in diameter. The growth dynamics can be controlled by varying the initial silicic acid concentration, time of the reaction, and temperature of reaction.

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

Kimya

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of novel materials. Coupled with analysis by in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), soft landing provides unprecedented insights into the interactions of well-defined species with surfaces.

Kütle-Seçilen İyonlar Yumuşak İniş Hazırlayan İyi tanımlanmış Yüzeyler Yerinde SIMS ve IR spektroskopisi

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Hibrid Au / CdS ve Au / ZnS Çekirdek / Shell Nanopartiküller işlevselleştirilmesi

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

Katmanlı Titanate Şeffaf Filmleri Interlayers Uzayda Toplama olmadan Altın Nanopartiküller Yerinde Sentez

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Mühendislik

Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method

The goal of the protocols described herein is to synthesize bioinspired silica materials, perform enzyme encapsulation therein, and partially or totally purify the same by acid elution. By combining sodium silicate with a polyfunctional bioinspired additive, silica is rapidly formed at ambient conditions upon neutralization. 
The effect of neutralization rate and biomolecule addition point on silica yield are investigated, and biomolecule immobilization efficiency is reported for varying addition point. In contrast to other porous silica synthesis methods, it is shown that the mild conditions required for bioinspired silica synthesis are fully compatible with the encapsulation of delicate biomolecules. Additionally, mild conditions are used across all synthesis and modification steps, making bioinspired silica a promising target for the scale-up and commercialization as both a bare material and active support medium.
The synthesis is shown to be highly sensitive to conditions, i.e., the neutralization rate and final synthesis pH, however tight control over these parameters is demonstrated through the use of auto titration methods, leading to high reproducibility in reaction progression pathway and yield. 
Therefore, bioinspired silica is an excellent active material support choice, showing versatility towards many current applications, not limited to those demonstrated here, and potency in future applications.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize bioinspired silica materials and immobilize enzymes therein. Silica is synthesized by combining sodium silicate and an amine &#39;additive&#39;, which neutralize at a controlled rate. Material properties and function can be altered either by in situ enzyme immobilization or post-synthetic acid elution of encapsulated additives.

Fonksiyonel silis Bioinspired yöntemiyle hazırlanması

The goal of the protocols described herein is to synthesize bioinspired silica materials, perform enzyme encapsulation therein, and partially or totally ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various precursor noble metal ions with reducing agents in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio results in the formation of metal gels within seconds to minutes compared to much longer synthesis times for other techniques such as sol-gel. Conducting the reduction step in a microcentrifuge tube or small volume conical tube facilitates a proposed nucleation, growth, densification, fusion, equilibration model for gel formation, with final gel geometry smaller than the initial reaction volume. This method takes advantage of the vigorous hydrogen gas evolution as a by-product of the reduction step, and as a consequence of reagent concentrations. The solvent accessible specific surface area is determined with both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. After rinsing and freeze drying, the resulting aerogel structure is examined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and nitrogen gas adsorption. The synthesis method and characterization techniques result in a close correspondence of aerogel ligament sizes. This synthesis method for noble metal aerogels demonstrates that high specific surface area monoliths may be achieved with a rapid and direct reduction approach.

A rapid, direct solution-based reduction synthesis method to obtain Au, Pd, and Pt aerogels is presented.

Otomatik Güncelleştirmeler, Pd ve Pt Aerogels üzerinden doğrudan çözüm tabanlı azaltma için hızlı sentez yöntemi

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

Silikat Matrisler ve sentezlenmiş Nanoporous karbon yüzey özellikleri

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

Amphiphilik altın nanopartiküller sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

With this protocol, a well-defined singlesite silica-supported heterogeneous catalyst [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is designed and prepared according to the methodology developed by surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC). In this framework, catalytic cycles can be determined by isolating crucial intermediates. All air-sensitive materials are handled under inert atmosphere (using gloveboxes or a Schlenk line) or high vacuum lines (HVLs, &#60;10-5 mbar). The preparation of SiO2-700 (silica dehydroxylated at 700 &#176;C) and subsequent applications (the grafting of complexes and catalytic runs) requires the use of HVLs and double-Schlenk techniques. Several well-known characterization methods are used, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental microanalysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR), and state-of-the-art dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP-SENS). FTIR and elemental microanalysis permit scientists to establish the grafting and its stoichiometry. 1H and 13C SSNMR allows the structural determination of the hydrocarbon ligands coordination sphere. DNP SENS is an emerging powerful technique in solid characterization for the detection of poorly sensitive nuclei (15N, in our case). SiO2-700 is treated with about one equivalent of the metal precursor compared to the amount of surface silanol (0.30 mmol&#183;g-1) in pentane at room temperature. Then, volatiles are removed, and the powder samples are dried under dynamic high vacuum to afford the desired materials [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(&#951;2&#960;-MeNCH2)(&#951;1-NMe2)(&#951;1-HNMe2)]. After a thermal treatment under high vacuum, the grafted complex is converted into metal imido silica complex [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)]. [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] effectively promotes the metathesis of imines, using the combination of two imine substrates, N-(4-phenylbenzylidene)benzylamine, or N-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-4-fluoroaniline, with N-benzylidenetert-butylamine as substrates. A significantly lower conversion is observed with the blank runs; thus, the presence of the imido group in [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is correlated to the catalytic performance.

A new group IV metal catalyst for imine metathesis is prepared by grafting amine metal complex onto dehydroxylated silica. Surface metal fragments are characterized using FT-IR, elemental microanalysis, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Further dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR spectroscopy experiments complement the determination of the coordination sphere.

Yüzey Organometalik Kimya metodolojisini kullanan Silika Destekli Katalizörler tarafından Imine Metatez

With this protocol, a well-defined singlesite silica-supported heterogeneous catalyst [(&#8801;Si-O-)Hf(=NMe)(&#951;1-NMe2)] is designed and prepared ...

A Salt-Templated Synthesis Method for Porous Platinum-based Macrobeams and Macrotubes

The synthesis of high surface area porous noble metal nanomaterials generally relies on time consuming coalescence of pre-formed nanoparticles, followed by rinsing and supercritical drying steps, often resulting in mechanically fragile materials. Here, a method to synthesize nanostructured porous platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with a square cross section from insoluble salt needle templates is presented. The combination of oppositely charged platinum, palladium, and copper square planar ions results in the rapid formation of insoluble salt needles. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio of metal ions present in the salt-template and the choice of chemical reducing agent, either macrotubes or macrobeams form with a porous nanostructure comprised of either fused nanoparticles or nanofibrils. Elemental composition of the macrotubes and macrobeams, determined with x-ray diffractometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is controlled by the stoichiometric ratio of metal ions present in the salt-template. Macrotubes and macrobeams may be pressed into free standing films, and the electrochemically active surface area is determined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This synthesis method demonstrates a simple, relatively fast approach to achieve high-surface area platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with tunable nanostructure and elemental composition that may be pressed into free-standing films with no required binding materials.

A synthesis method to obtain porous platinum-based macrotubes and macrobeams with a square cross section through chemical reduction of insoluble salt-needle templates is presented.

Gözenekli Platin Bazlı Makrobeamler ve Makrotüpler için Tuz Şablonlu Sentez Yöntemi

The synthesis of high surface area porous noble metal nanomaterials generally relies on time consuming coalescence of pre-formed nanoparticles, followed ...