PA Laval Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi bursu &quot;Pierre Durand&quot; bir alıcı. Bu çalışma Polizom parçalama RMR M yeni CIHR araştırmacı maaş ödülü tutar için inovasyon hibe Kanadalı Vakfı (MOP-GF091050) yoluyla elde edilmiş RM Doğa Bilimleri ve Kanada&#39;nın Mühendislik Araştırma Konseyi (MOP-CG095386) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biz Dr minnettarız. Yararlı tavsiyeler E. Khancıyan, I. Gallouzi, S. Di-Marco ve A. Cammas.

Protokol kuralları takip Laval Etik Değerlendirme Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır. 1.. Hücre Kültürlerinin Hazırlanması ve Beyin Manipülasyon <ol><li> Memeli hücreleri ve Drosophila <ol><li> American Type Culture Collection tarafından tavsiye edilen, HeLa servikal kanser hücreleri ve Schneider Drosophila embriyonik hücreler büyür. Düşük bir geçit hücreleri ile çalışmak. </li><li> % 80 izdiham Deneyin gün ulaşmak için Plaka hücreler. En iyi sonuçları elde etmek için, her bir deney için hücreler 12 x 10 ~ 6 kullanın. Polizom analizi için özler yapmadan önce, en az 90 dakika boyunca, taze tam orta ekleyerek çeviri uyarır. </li></ol></li><li> Beyin izolasyon: doğumdan sonra 9 ve 16 gün arasında değişen farelerin beyinleri kesin. Ötenazi anestezi ve servikal dislokasyon sonra CO 2 solumaktan içerir. Kurban sonra, bütün beyin ve iki yerde izole it -80 ° C ya da doğrudan doğruya hemen kullanım için soğuk PBS 1X içine aktarın. </li></ol> 2.. Yoğunluk hazırlanması Gradyan Bölünmesi Sistemi <ol><li> 5 dakika için% 0.1 SDS ile boru sistemi yıkayın. </li><li> DEPC su ile yıkamadan önce, 5 dakika boyunca RNaseZAP Çözüm ile, daha sonra 5 dakika için% 70 etanol ile boru sistemi yıkayın. </li><li> Aparatın boru sistemi kurutmak için hava pompası. </li></ol> Sakroz Gradyanların 3. Hazırlanması <ol><li> 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1.25 mM MgCI2, 150 mM NaCI, ve 1 mM DTT,% 15 ve% 55 sükroz cevap verir. </li><li> Oluşturmak üreticinin talimatlarına göre tarif edildiği gibi, eski bir Isco Model 160 kullanarak lineer gradyan% 15-55 sukroz gradyanı. Bununla birlikte, bu geçişlerini kabarcıklar veya türbülanslar oluşmasını önlemek için de TRIS peristaltik pompa hızını kontrol etmek önemlidir. Kullanılana kadar 4 ° C&#39;de gradyanlar tutun. </li><li> Degrade yapımcısı programı çalıştığı süre boyunca, 4 ° C&#39;ye ultrasantrifüjdeki serin </li></ol> 4. Hücre hazırlanması ve Fare Beyin özler <ol><li> Hücre ekstrelerinin hazırlanması <ol><li> Buz ve yıkama hücreleri üzerinde plaka (lar) soğuk PBS 1X ile 3x. </li><li> Hasat hücreleri, pH 7.4, 1.25 mM MgCI2, 150 mM NaCI, 1 mM DTT,% 1 Nonidet P40, 5 U / ml RNase inhibitör, takviye edilmiş, 1 ml liziz tamponu (20 mM Tris-HCI (12 x 10 ~ 6) tam Mini EDTA&#39;sız proteaz inhibitörü kokteyl tabletleri ile birlikte), bir Eppendorf tüpüne transfer ve 1 cc U100 insülin şırınga 28 G 1/2 ile olanağına 15x geçirilerek iyice karıştırın. Hücre lizatı 15 dakika boyunca buz üzerinde bekletin. </li><li> 10X objektif kullanarak bir faz kontrast mikroskop ile gözleyerek hücre lizizi değerlendirmek için bir slayt üzerine hücre lisatı birkaç damla koyun. Sadece çekirdekleri görünür olmalıdır ve herhangi bir hücre zarları hücre lizizi görebilir doğrulayan olmalıdır. Bir kontrol olarak, gözlemlemekLizinlerle parçalanmayan hücreler. </li><li> 4 ° C&#39;de 20 dakika boyunca 11,000 x g&#39;de santrifüj ile hücre lizat açıklığa kavuşturulması ve poliribozomların içeren çözünebilir lizat tutun. </li></ol></li><li> Fare Beyin ekstrelerinin hazırlanması <ol><li> Liziz tamponu 2 ml buz gibi soğuk bir Dounce homojenizatör içinde 10 vuruş ile izole edilmiş bütün beyin (~ 500 mg) homojen ve 4 ° C&#39;de 15 dakika boyunca 11,000 x g&#39;de santrifüj ile Homojenat açıklamak </li><li> % 50 sakroz yastığı üzerine elde edilen süpernatan yükleyin ve 4 ° C&#39;de TH-641, bir ultra santrifüj rotor kullanılarak 200,000 xg&#39;de 2 saat boyunca devam sedimantasyon </li><li> Liziz tamponu içinde 1 ml poliribozomların içeren şeffaf pelet yeniden süspanse edin ve aşağı ve yukarı pipetlenerek ile iyice karıştırın. Geçişlerini üzerine yüklenmeden önce 30 dakika için buz üzerinde kalan süspansiyon olsun. </li></ol></li></ol> 5.. Sakaroz Gradyanların ve Ultrasantrifügasyon üzerine ayıklar yükleniyor <ol><li> Konsantrasyonunu ölçmekBir spektrofotometre kullanılarak, sitoplazmik ekstre içinde mevcut RNA. Dikkatli ve yavaş yavaş% 15 ila% 55 sukroz gradyanı üzerine ~ ekstrenin 20 OD 260 adet yükleyin. Kullanılabilir alan 2-3 mm santrifüj sırasında tüpler taşan önlemek için borunun yüzeyinde olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> 4 ° C&#39;de TH-641, bir ultra santrifüj rotor kullanılarak 230,000 x g, 2 saat 30 dakika için ultra-santrifüj kullanarak gradyanlara santrifüj Santrifüj sona erdiğinde, tüpleri çıkarın ve geçişlerini rahatsız etmemek için dikkatli bir şekilde buz koyun. </li></ol> Polisomlann profilleme için Sitoplazmik Ekstraktlarının 6. Fraksiyonu <ol><li> Üretici tarafından tarif edildiği gibi, (0.5 ml her biri) Otomatik Yoğunluk Fraksiyonu Sistemi sakaroz gradyanları yerleştirin ve fraksiyonların otomatik fraksiyonasyonu ve toplama ile devam edin. </li><li> 254 nm&#39;de absorbans sürekli olarak izlenmesi ile ayrı Eppendorf tüpleri içine her fraksiyonu (~ 500 | il) toplayın. Parall yılındagradyan ayrıştırma işleminin el, polyribosomal profil grafik kağıt üzerinde düzenleme olacaktır. Seçenek olarak ise, polisom profilinin bir elektronik satın için grafik kaydedicisinde bağlanmış bir veri toplama birimi kullanır. </li><li> Her çalışma sonunda, kuru buz üzerinde toplanan Eppendorf şişesi aktarın. Şu anda, mağaza ya da -80 ° C&#39;de kısımlar toplandı ve aşağıdaki gibi direkt protein-RNA kompleksleri hızlandırabilir. </li></ol> 7. Protein Ekstraksiyon ve Analiz <ol><li> Sukroz gradyanı her toplanan fraksiyon için,% 100 soğuk 2 hacim etanol ekleyin ve RNA-protein kompleksleri, -20 ° C sıcaklıkta gece boyunca çökelmeye sağlar. </li><li> Santrifüj 4 ° C&#39;de 20 dakika boyunca 11,000 x g, her bir RNA-protein çökelti daha sonra% 70 etanol ile yıkayın. Kuru ve (bkz. Şekil 2) özel antikorlar kullanılarak Batı beneği ile devam etmeden önce, SDS-PAGE numune tampon maddesi içinde tekrar süspansiyon çökelti. </li></ol> 8. RNA Ekstraksiyon ve Analysis <ol><li> Bölüm 7.1 olarak RNA-protein kompleksleri çöktürün. % 0.1 SDS ihtiva eden liziz tamponu içinde her bir RNA-protein çökeltisinin yeniden süspanse edin. Bir 55 ° C su banyosu içinde 30 dakika boyunca 2 mg / ml proteinaz K ile çökeltinin protein bileşeni Digest. </li><li> &quot;: Kloroform fenol&quot;, kloroform 2 birimleri ve 2 M NaOAc pH 4 0.1 hacim ve 20 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 10,000 x g&#39;de santrifüj 1 hacim ekleyerek Çökeltinin RNA bileşenleri çıkarmak. Izopropanol içinde 1 hacim ve glikojen 0.2 ug / ul ekleyerek -20 ° C &#39;de bir gece boyunca, her numunenin edilen sulu fazdan Çökelti RNA. 4 ° C&#39;de 10,000 x g&#39;de 1 saat boyunca çökelti spin % 70 soğuk etanol ile RNA pelet yıkayın. </li><li> RNAse içermeyen su, küçük bir hacim içine RNA topağı yeniden süspanse edin. Miktarını değerlendirmek ve kalite RNA spektrofotometre kullanılmıştır. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gebauer, F., Hentze, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+translational+control.">Molecular mechanisms of translational control.</a> Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 5 (10), 827-835 (2004).</li><li>Jackson, R. J., Hellen, C. U. T., Pestova, T. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mechanism+of+eukaryotic+translation+initiation+and+principles+of+its+regulation.">The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation.</a> Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 11 (2), 113-127 (2010).</li><li>Fournier, M. -. J., Gareau, C., Mazroui, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+chemotherapeutic+agent+bortezomib+induces+the+formation+of+stress+granules.">The chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib induces the formation of stress granules.</a> Cancer Cell International. 10 (12), (2010).</li><li>Holcik, M., Sonenberg, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+control+in+stress+and+apoptosis.">Translational control in stress and apoptosis.</a> Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 6 (4), 318-327 (2005).</li><li>Mazroui, R., Huot, M. -. E., Tremblay, S., Filion, C., Labelle, Y., Khandjian, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trapping+of+messenger+RNA+by+Fragile+X+Mental+Retardation+protein+into+cytoplasmic+granules+induces+translation+repression.">Trapping of messenger RNA by Fragile X Mental Retardation protein into cytoplasmic granules induces translation repression.</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 11 (24), 3007-3017 (2002).</li><li>Mazroui, R., Huot, M. -. E., Tremblay, S., Boilard, N., Labelle, Y., Khandjian, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fragile+X+Mental+Retardation+protein+determinants+required+for+its+association+with+polyribosomal+mRNPs.">Fragile X Mental Retardation protein determinants required for its association with polyribosomal mRNPs.</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 12 (23), 3087-3096 (2003).</li><li>Farny, N. G., Kedersha, N. L., Silver, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=a+Metazoan+stress+granule+assembly+is+mediated+by+P-eIF2alpha-dependent+and+-independent+mechanisms.">a Metazoan stress granule assembly is mediated by P-eIF2alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms.</a> RNA. 15 (10), 1814-1821 (2009).</li><li>Gareau, C., Houssin, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+fragile+x+mental+retardation+protein+recruitment+and+dynamics+in+Drosophila+stress+granules.">Characterization of fragile x mental retardation protein recruitment and dynamics in Drosophila stress granules.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (2), (2013).</li><li>Brackett, D. M., Qing, F., Amieux, P. S., Sellers, D. L., Horner, P. J., Morris, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FMR1+transcript+isoforms:+association+with+polyribosomes;+regional+and+developmental+expression+in+mouse+brain.">FMR1 transcript isoforms: association with polyribosomes; regional and developmental expression in mouse brain.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (3), (2013).</li><li>Khandjian, E. W., Huot, M. -. E., Tremblay, S., Davidovic, L., Mazroui, R., Bardoni, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+evidence+for+the+association+of+fragile+X+mental+retardation+protein+with+brain+polyribosomal+ribonucleoparticles.">Biochemical evidence for the association of fragile X mental retardation protein with brain polyribosomal ribonucleoparticles.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (36), 13357-13362 (2004).</li><li>Erikson, A., Winblad, B., Wallace, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+control+of+gene+expression+in+the+human+brain.">Translational control of gene expression in the human brain.</a> Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 13 (3-4), 469-479 (1989).</li><li>Stephens, S. B., Nicchitta, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=V+In+vitro+and+tissue+culture+methods+for+analysis+of+translation+initiation+on+the+endoplasmic+reticulum.">V In vitro and tissue culture methods for analysis of translation initiation on the endoplasmic reticulum.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 431, 47-60 (2007).</li><li>Koritzinsky, M., Wouters, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+and+regulation+of+messenger+RNA+translation.">Hypoxia and regulation of messenger RNA translation.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 435, 247-273 (2007).</li><li>Khandjian, E. W., Corbin, F., Woerly, S., Rousseau, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fragile+X+mental+retardation+protein+is+associated+with+ribosomes.">The fragile X mental retardation protein is associated with ribosomes.</a> Nature Genetics. 12, 91-93 (1996).</li><li>Sivan, G., Kedersha, N., Elroy-Stein, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ribosomal+slowdown+mediates+translational+arrest+during+cellular+division.">Ribosomal slowdown mediates translational arrest during cellular division.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (19), 6639-6646 (2007).</li><li>Thomas, J. D., Johannes, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+mRNAs+that+continue+to+associate+with+polysomes+during+hypoxia.">Identification of mRNAs that continue to associate with polysomes during hypoxia.</a> RNA. 13, 1116-1131 (2007).</li><li>Kumaraswamy, S., Chinnaiyan, P., Shankavaram, U. T., L&#252;, X., Camphausen, K., Tofilon, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiation-induced+gene+translation+profiles+reveal+tumor+type+and+cancer-specific+components.">Radiation-induced gene translation profiles reveal tumor type and cancer-specific components.</a> Cancer Research. 68 (10), 3819-3826 (2008).</li><li>Fournier, M. -. J., Coudert, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inactivation+of+the+mTORC1-eIF4E+Pathway+alters+Stress+Granules+Formation.">Inactivation of the mTORC1-eIF4E Pathway alters Stress Granules Formation.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 33 (11), 2285-2301 (2013).</li><li>Sanchez, G., Dury, A. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+function+for+the+survival+motoneuron+protein+as+a+translational+regulator.">A novel function for the survival motoneuron protein as a translational regulator.</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 22 (4), 668-684 (2013).</li><li>B&#233;chade, C., Rostaing, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subcellular+distribution+of+survival+motor+neuron+(SMN)+protein:+possible+involvement+in+nucleocytoplasmic+and+dendritic+transport.">Subcellular distribution of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein: possible involvement in nucleocytoplasmic and dendritic transport.</a> The European Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (1), 293-304 (1999).</li><li>Goulet, I., Boisvenue, S., Mokas, S., Mazroui, R., C&#244;t&#233;, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TDRD3,+a+novel+Tudor+domain-containing+protein,+localizes+to+cytoplasmic+stress+granules.">TDRD3, a novel Tudor domain-containing protein, localizes to cytoplasmic stress granules.</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 17 (19), 3055-3074 (2008).</li><li>Nottrott, S., Simard, M. J., Richter, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+let-7a+miRNA+blocks+protein+production+on+actively+translating+polyribosomes.">Human let-7a miRNA blocks protein production on actively translating polyribosomes.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 13 (12), 1108-1114 (2006).</li><li>Genolet, R., Araud, T., Maillard, L., Jaquier-Gubler, P., Curran, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+approach+to+analyse+the+specific+impact+of+rapamycin+on+mRNA-ribosome+association.">An approach to analyse the specific impact of rapamycin on mRNA-ribosome association.</a> BMC Medical Genomics. 1 (33), (2008).</li><li>Del Prete, M. J., Vernal, R., Dolznig, H., M&#252;llner, E. W., Garcia-Sanz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=a+Isolation+of+polysome-bound+mRNA+from+solid+tissues+amenable+for+RT-PCR+and+profiling+experiments.">a Isolation of polysome-bound mRNA from solid tissues amenable for RT-PCR and profiling experiments.</a> RNA. 13 (3), 414-421 (2007).</li><li>Thoreen, C. C., Chantranupong, L., Keys, H. R., Wang, T., Gray, N. S., Sabatini, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+unifying+model+for+mTORC1-mediated+regulation+of+mRNA+translation.">A unifying model for mTORC1-mediated regulation of mRNA translation.</a> Nature. 485 (7396), 109-113 (2012).</li><li>Ingolia, N. T., Brar, G. A., Rouskin, S., Mcgeachy, A. M., Weissman, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ribosome+profiling+strategy+for+monitoring+translation+in+vivo+by+deep+sequencing+of+ribosome-protected+mRNA+fragments.">The ribosome profiling strategy for monitoring translation in vivo by deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (8), 1534-1550 (2012).</li><li>Morris, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ribosomal+footprints+on+a+transcriptome+landscape.">Ribosomal footprints on a transcriptome landscape.</a> Genome Biology. 10 (4), (2009).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Sukroz dereceleri üzerinde Polizom profil analizi hücreler ya da dokulardan 9,11-14 izole polizom yoğunluğu analiz ederek çeviri başlangıç ​​ölçümünü sağlar. Bu teknik, en iyi yaklaşım (değil benzersiz ise) in vivo çeviri inisiyasyon ölçmek için. Bu, hücre döngüsü boyunca 15 hücrelerinin büyüyen translasyonel durumunu izlemek için ve çeviri başlatma üzerinde, viral enfeksiyonlar, hipoksi 13,16, radyasyon 17 ve kimyasal ilaçlar tera...

Ökaryotik hücreler sürekli bir hızlı adaptif hücre yanıtı gerektiren zararlı fizyolojik ve çevresel stres koşulları bir dizi karşılaşma. Hücre stres yanıtı, anti-hayatta kalma ve pro-sağkalım etkili faktörler arasındaki hassas denge içerir. Bu dengeyi bozarak kanser ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi insan patolojilerin gelişimine öncülük geri dönülmez sonuçlar doğurabilir. Stres yanıtı ilk adımı sırasında, hücreler mRNA çeviri düzeyinde gen ekspresyonunda değişiklikler koordine kontrolü ile ilgili pro-hayatta kalma yolunu aktive edebilir. ökaryotlarda mRNA çevirisi başlatma faktörleri (EIFS), spesifik RNA bağlayıcı protein (RBDS) ve RNA molekülleri 1 ila koordineli etkileşimleri içeren karmaşık hücresel bir süreçtir. başlatma, uzama ve sonlanma: mRNA çeviri üç ayrı evreye ayrılır. Her üç faz dede tabi olsa da,translasyonel kontrol mekanizmaları, böylece protein sentezi 2&#39;nin oran-sınırlayıcı bir adım teşkil etmektedir çeviri çoğunlukla başlangıç ​​aşaması, hedef merciin düzenleyici mekanizmalar,. Çeviri başlatma i ön başlatma kompleksinin oluşumuna yol açan, üçlü kompleks ve 40S ribozom alt birimine yönelik daha sonraki bağlanma Met eIF2a.GTP.Met-tRNA oluşumu ile başlayan bir çok düzenli bir süreçtir. Bir sonraki adım, eIF4F ve eIF3 gibi çeviri başlatma faktörlerinin aktivitesi içerir mRNA için preinitiation kompleksinin işe olan. Bu şekilde oluşturulan 48S preinitiation kompleksi AUG başlangıç ​​kodonunun tanıyıncaya kadar mRNA&#39;nın 5&#39;-ötelenmemiş bölge tarama başlatmak için bu makine sağlayacak özel yapısal değişikliklere uğrar. Çeviri başlangıç ​​faktörlerin çoğu daha sonra serbest bırakılır ve 60S alt birimleri bir 80S oluşturmak için işe alınırlar ribozom kompleksi çeviri, yetkili birt hangi nokta protein sentezi başlar (Şekil 1). Birden fazla 80S monosome sözde polisomlann (veya poliribozomların) üreten bir zamanda aynı mRNA&#39;nın tercüme edilebilir. Bir mRNA üzerinde polizom yoğunluğu başlatma, sonlandırma ve uzama oranları yansıtır ve böylece, belirli bir transkriptin çevrilebilirlik bir ölçüsüdür. Bununla birlikte, polisom profili esas olarak başlangıç ​​aşamasında mRNA çevirisinde değişiklikleri değerlendirmek için kullanılır. Burada çeviri başlatma inhibitörü gibi bir proteazom önleyicisi kullandık. Bu ilaç kanser hücrelerinin tedavisi translasyon başlatma faktörü eIF2a 3 fosforile HRI adlı stres kinazın aktivasyonu ile karakterize edilen bir stres tepkisi oluşturur. EIF2a fosforilasyonu, memeli hücrelerinde 4 çeviri başlatma inhibisyonuna yol açan önemli olaylardan biridir.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">Cells</td></tr><tr><td>HeLa cervical cancer cells</td><td>American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA; ATCC)</td><td>CCL-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Schneider &lt;em&gt;Drosophila&lt;/em&gt; embryonic cells</td><td>American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA; ATCC)</td><td>CRL-1963</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Culture medium and Supplements</td></tr><tr><td>Schneider&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Drosophila&lt;/em&gt; Medium</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>SO146-500ml</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>11995-073</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Fisher Scientist Scientist</td><td>SH30396-03</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>15140122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Sucrose solutions</td></tr><tr><td>D-sucrose</td><td>Fisher Scientist</td><td>BP220-212</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>49767</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Bromophenol blue</td><td>Fisher Scientist</td><td>B3925</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Lysis buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Tris HCl</td><td>Fisher Scientist</td><td>BP153-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M2670-100G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Tekniscience</td><td>3624-05</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>DTT</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D 9779</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Nonidet P40 (Igepal CA-630 )</td><td>MJS Biolynx</td><td>19628</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>SDS</td><td>Tekniscience</td><td>4095-02</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>RNase inhibitor (RnaseOUT Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor)</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>10777-019</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Antiproteases (complete, mini, EDTA free)</td><td>Roche</td><td>11,836,170,001</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">RNA Extraction</td></tr><tr><td>Proteinase K</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>AM2542</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Phenol:chloroform</td><td>Fisher Scientist</td><td>BP1754I-400</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Fisher Scientist</td><td>C298-500</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Glycogen</td><td>Life technologies</td><td>10814-010</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Isopropanol</td><td>Acros organics</td><td>327270010</td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Antibodies</td></tr><tr><td>anti-FMRP antibody</td><td>Fournier &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;, Cancer Cell International, 2010</td><td></td><td>&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

analysis of translation initiation during stress conditions by polysome profiling

MRNA çevirisi hassas kontrolü, özellikle fizyolojik ve patolojik strese yanıt olarak, ökaryotik hücre homeostazı için temeldir. Bu programın değişiklikler kanser gelişimi arasında ayırt edici bir özelliği, ya da nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda görüldüğü gibi, prematüre hücre ölümüne hasarlı hücrelerin büyümesine yol açabilir. Translasyonel kontrol için moleküler temel ilişkin bilinenlerin çoğu bir yoğunluk gradyan ayırma sistemi kullanılarak Polizom analizinden elde edilmiştir. Bu teknik, bir doğrusal sakroz gradyanı üzerinde sitoplazmik özler ultrasantrifüj dayanır. Sıkma işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra, sistem, farklı çeviri tekabül eden santrifüj bölgelerinin ayırma ve böylece bir miktar Polizom profili ile sonuçlanan popülasyonları ribozom sağlar. Polisom profilde değişiklikler stres çeşitli tepki olarak meydana gelen çeviri başlatma değişiklikler veya kusurların göstergesidir. Bu teknik aynı zamanda inci değerlendirmek sağlar:e çeviri başlatma belirli proteinlerin rolü ve spesifik mRNA translasyon aktivitesini ölçmek için. Burada, normal ya da stres ya da büyüme koşulları altında, ökaryotik hücrelerin ve dokuların başlatılması için değerlendirmek amacıyla Polizom profilleri gerçekleştirmek için protokol açıklar.

Daha önce belirtildiği gibi, polisom profil stres şartları altında için başlatma değişikliklerin analizi. 1. Daha önce çeviri başlatma komplekslerinin sıralı bir düzeneği içeren bir çok aşamalı bir süreçtir tarif edildiği gibi çeviri başlatma basitleştirilmiş bir görünüşüdür sağlar. Normal büyüme şartları altında, çeviri başlatma kompleksleri olan algılama Polizom profili tarafından bir aktif için başlatma (; İşlenmemiş Şekil 2)</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling at JoVE.com

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Burada, stres koşullarında tepki olarak ökaryotik hücrelerin mRNA çevirisi başlatılmasında değişiklikleri analiz etmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Bu yöntem olmayan çeviri ribozom ribozomlan çeviri sakaroz Yokuşta hız ayrılık dayanmaktadır.

Polizom profilleme Stres Durumlardaki Çeviri başlatılması Analizi

Precise control of mRNA translation is fundamental for eukaryotic cell homeostasis, particularly in response to physiological and pathological stress. ...

analysis-translation-initiation-during-stress-conditions-polysome

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

18.2K Görüntüleme.  Laval University.  Burada, stres koşullarında tepki olarak ökaryotik hücrelerin mRNA çevirisi başlatılmasında değişiklikleri analiz etmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Bu yöntem olmayan çeviri ribozom ribozomlan çeviri sakaroz Yokuşta hız ayrılık dayanmaktadır. 

Video: Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling

Translation of mRNA into proteins is a complex process involving several layers of regulation. It is often assumed that changes in mRNA transcription reflect changes in protein synthesis, but many exceptions have been observed. Recently, a technique called ribosome profiling (or Ribo-Seq) has emerged as a powerful method that allows identification, with high accuracy, which regions of mRNA are translated into proteins and quantification of translation at the genome-wide level. Here, we present a generalized protocol for genome-wide quantification of translation using Ribo-Seq in budding yeast. In addition, combining Ribo-Seq data with mRNA abundance measurements allows us to simultaneously quantify translation efficiency of thousands of mRNA transcripts in the same sample and compare changes in these parameters in response to experimental manipulations or in different physiological states. We describe a detailed protocol for generation of ribosome footprints using nuclease digestion, isolation of intact ribosome-footprint complexes via sucrose gradient fractionation, and preparation of DNA libraries for deep sequencing along with appropriate quality controls necessary to ensure accurate analysis of in vivo translation.

Translational regulation plays an important role in the control of protein abundance. Here, we describe a high-throughput method for quantitative analysis of translation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Genom çapında Quantification ribozom profil oluşturma tarafından mayası çeviri

Translation of mRNA into proteins is a complex process involving several layers of regulation. It is often assumed that changes in mRNA transcription ...

Biyokimya

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Translation initiation is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis and represents a key point at which cells regulate their protein output. Regulation of protein synthesis is the key to cellular stress-response, and dysregulation is central to many disease states, such as cancer. For instance, although cellular stress leads to the inhibition of global translation by attenuating cap-dependent initiation, certain stress-response proteins are selectively translated in a cap-independent manner. Discreet RNA regulatory elements, such as cellular internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes), allow for the translation of these specific mRNAs. Identification of such mRNAs, and the characterization of their regulatory mechanisms, have been a key area in molecular biology. Toeprinting is a method for the study of RNA structure and function as it pertains to translation initiation. The goal of toeprinting is to assess the ability of in vitro transcribed RNA to form stable complexes with ribosomes under a variety of conditions, in order to determine which sequences, structural elements, or accessory factors are involved in ribosome binding&#8212;a pre-cursor for efficient translation initiation. Alongside other techniques, such as western analysis and polysome profiling, toeprinting allows for a robust characterization of mechanisms for the regulation of translation initiation.

Toeprinting aims to measure the ability of in vitro transcribed RNA to form translation initiation complexes with ribosomes under a variety of conditions. This protocol describes a method for toeprinting mammalian RNA and can be used to study both cap-dependent and IRES-driven translation.

Çeviri başlatma karmaşık oluşumu memeli mRNA'ların Toeprinting analizi

Translation initiation is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis and represents a key point at which cells regulate their protein output. Regulation ...

Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis

Proper protein expression at the right time and in the right amounts is the basis of normal cell function and survival in a fast-changing environment. For a long time, the gene expression studies were dominated by research on the transcriptional level. However, the steady-state levels of mRNAs do not correlate well with protein production, and the translatability of mRNAs varies greatly depending on the conditions. In some organisms, like the parasite Leishmania, the protein expression is regulated mostly at the translational level. Recent studies demonstrated that protein translation dysregulation is associated with cancer, metabolic, neurodegenerative and other human diseases. Polysome profiling is a powerful method to study protein translation regulation. It allows to measure the translational status of individual mRNAs or examine translation on a genome-wide scale. The basis of this technique is the separation of polysomes, ribosomes, their subunits and free mRNAs during centrifugation of a cytoplasmic lysate through a sucrose gradient. Here, we present a universal polysome profiling protocol used on three different models - parasite Leishmania major, cultured human cells and animal tissues. Leishmania cells freely grow in suspension and cultured human cells grow in adherent monolayer, while mouse testis represents an animal tissue sample. Thus, the technique is adapted to all of these sources. The protocol for the analysis of polysomal fractions includes detection of individual mRNA levels by RT-qPCR, proteins by Western blot and analysis of ribosomal RNAs by electrophoresis. The method can be further extended by examination of mRNAs association with the ribosome on a transcriptome level by deep RNA-seq and analysis of ribosome-associated proteins by mass spectroscopy of the fractions. The method can be easily adjusted to other biological models.

Polysome Profiling in Leishmania, Human Cells and Mouse Testis

The overall goal of polysome profiling technique is analysis of translational activity of individual mRNAs or transcriptome mRNAs during protein synthesis. The method is important for studies of protein synthesis regulation, translation activation and repression in health and multiple human diseases.

Polysome LEISHMANIA, insan hücreleri ve fare Testis profil oluşturma

Proper protein expression at the right time and in the right amounts is the basis of normal cell function and survival in a fast-changing environment. For ...

Polysome Profiling without Gradient Makers or Fractionation Systems

Polysome fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation is a powerful tool that can be used to create ribosome profiles, identify specific mRNAs being translated by ribosomes, and analyze polysome associated factors. While automated gradient makers and gradient fractionation systems are commonly used with this technique, these systems are generally expensive and can be cost-prohibitive for laboratories that have limited resources or cannot justify the expense due to their infrequent or occasional need to perform this method for their research. Here, a protocol is presented to reproducibly generate polysome profiles using standard equipment available in most molecular biology laboratories without specialized fractionation instruments. Moreover, a comparison of polysome profiles generated with and without a gradient fractionation system is provided. Strategies to optimize and produce reproducible polysome profiles are discussed. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is utilized as a model organism in this protocol. However, this protocol can be easily modified and adapted to generate ribosome profiles for many different organisms and cell types.

This protocol describes how to generate a polysome profile without using automated gradient makers or gradient fractionation systems.

Degrade Yapıcılar veya Fraksiyonasyon Sistemleri Olmadan Polizom Profilleme

Polysome fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation is a powerful tool that can be used to create ribosome profiles, identify specific mRNAs ...

Eukaryotic Polyribosome Profile Analysis

Protein synthesis is a complex cellular process that is regulated at many levels. For example, global translation can be inhibited at the initiation phase or the elongation phase by a variety of cellular stresses such as amino acid starvation or growth factor withdrawal. Alternatively, translation of individual mRNAs can be regulated by mRNA localization or the presence of cognate microRNAs. Studies of protein synthesis frequently utilize polyribosome analysis to shed light on the mechanisms of translation regulation or defects in protein synthesis. In this assay, mRNA/ribosome complexes are isolated from eukaryotic cells.  A sucrose density gradient separates mRNAs bound to multiple ribosomes known as polyribosomes from mRNAs bound to a single ribosome or monosome. Fractionation of the gradients allows isolation and quantification of the different ribosomal populations and their associated mRNAs or proteins. Differences in the ratio of polyribosomes to monosomes under defined conditions can be indicative of defects in either translation initiation or elongation/termination. Examination of the mRNAs present in the polyribosome fractions can reveal whether the cohort of individual mRNAs being translated changes with experimental conditions. In addition, ribosome assembly can be monitored by analysis of the small and large ribosomal subunit peaks which are also separated by the gradient. In this video, we present a method for the preparation of crude ribosomal extracts from yeast cells, separation of the extract by sucrose gradient and interpretation of the results.  This procedure is readily adaptable to mammalian cells.

This article describes a protocol for the extraction of translating ribosomes from eukaryotic cells. Once extracted, ribosomes are separated into monosomes and polyribosomes by sucrose gradient fractionation to allow different ribosomal populations to be analyzed. As such, this method is the gold standard for examining the regulation of translation.

Ökaryotik Polyribosome Profil Analizi

Protein synthesis is a complex cellular process that is regulated at many levels. For example, global translation can be inhibited at the initiation phase ...

Biyoloji

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

mRNA translation plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression and represents the most energy consuming process in mammalian cells. Accordingly, dysregulation of mRNA translation is considered to play a major role in a variety of pathological states including cancer. Ribosomes also host chaperones, which facilitate folding of nascent polypeptides, thereby modulating function and stability of newly synthesized polypeptides. In addition, emerging data indicate that ribosomes serve as a platform for a repertoire of signaling molecules, which are implicated in a variety of post-translational modifications of newly synthesized polypeptides as they emerge from the ribosome, and/or components of translational machinery. Herein, a well-established method of ribosome fractionation using sucrose density gradient centrifugation is described. In conjunction with the in-house developed &#8220;anota&#8221; algorithm this method allows direct determination of differential translation of individual mRNAs on a genome-wide scale. Moreover, this versatile protocol can be used for a variety of biochemical studies aiming to dissect the function of ribosome-associated protein complexes, including those that play a central role in folding and degradation of newly synthesized polypeptides.

Ribosomes play a central role in protein synthesis. Polyribosome (polysome) fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation allows direct determination of translation efficiencies of individual mRNAs on a genome-wide scale. In addition, this method can be used for biochemical analysis of ribosome- and polysome-associated factors such as chaperones and signaling molecules.

Bir genom Ölçeği Polizom Fraksiyonu ve Memeli Translatomes Analizi

mRNA translation plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression and represents the most energy consuming process in mammalian cells. ...

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

The proper development of the mammalian brain relies on a fine balance of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation into different neural cell types. This balance is tightly controlled by gene expression that is fine-tuned at multiple levels, including transcription, post-transcription and translation. In this regard, a growing body of evidence highlights a critical role of translational regulation in coordinating neural stem cell fate decisions. Polysome fractionation is a powerful tool for the assessment of mRNA translational status at both global and individual gene levels. Here, we present an in-house polysome profiling pipeline to assess translational efficiency in cells from the developing mouse cerebral cortex. We describe the protocols for sucrose gradient preparation, tissue lysis, ultracentrifugation and fractionation-based analysis of mRNA translational status.

The development of the mammalian brain requires proper control of gene expression at the level of translation. Here, we describe a polysome profiling system with an easy-to-assemble sucrose gradient-making and fractionation platform to assess the translational status of mRNAs in the developing brain.

Polisome Profilleme Kullanarak Gelişen Fare Beyninde Çeviri Analizi

The proper development of the mammalian brain relies on a fine balance of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation into different neural cell ...

Nörobilim

Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

Regulation of protein synthesis represents a key control point in cellular response to stress. In particular, discreet RNA regulatory elements were shown to allow to selective translation of specific mRNAs, which typically encode for proteins required for a particular stress response. Identification of these mRNAs, as well as the characterization of regulatory mechanisms responsible for selective translation has been at the forefront of molecular biology for some time. Polysome profiling is a cornerstone method in these studies. The goal of polysome profiling is to capture mRNA translation by immobilizing actively translating ribosomes on different transcripts and separate the resulting polyribosomes by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose gradient, thus allowing for a distinction between highly translated transcripts and poorly translated ones. These can then be further characterized by traditional biochemical and molecular biology methods. Importantly, combining polysome profiling with high throughput genomic approaches allows for a large scale analysis of translational regulation.

The ability of cells to adapt to stress is crucial for their survival. Regulation of mRNA translation is one such adaptation strategy, providing for rapid regulation of the proteome. Here, we provide a standardized polysome profiling protocol to identify specific mRNAs that are selectively translated under stress conditions.

Polizom Profil Yöntemi ile memeli hücrelerine selektif mRNA dönüşümüyle Değerlendirilmesi

Regulation of protein synthesis represents a key control point in cellular response to stress. In particular, discreet RNA regulatory elements were shown ...

An Easy Method for Plant Polysome Profiling

Translation of mRNA to protein is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process. Polysome profiling is considered as a gold standard for the analysis of translational regulation. The method described here is an easy and economical way for fractionating polysomes from various plant tissues. A sucrose gradient is made without the need for a gradient maker by sequentially freezing each layer. Cytosolic extracts are then prepared in a buffer containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol to immobilize the cytosolic and chloroplastic ribosomes to mRNA and are loaded onto the sucrose gradient. After centrifugation, six fractions are directly collected from the bottom to the top of the gradient, without piercing the ultracentrifugation tube. During collection, the absorbance at 260 nm is read continuously to generate a polysome profile that gives a snapshot of global translational activity. Fractions are then pooled to prepare three different mRNA populations: the polysomes, mRNAs bound to several ribosomes; the monosomes, mRNAs bound to one ribosome; and mRNAs that are not bound to ribosomes. mRNAs are then extracted. This protocol has been validated for different plants and tissues including Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and adult plants, Nicotiana benthamiana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Oryza sativa leaves.

This protocol describes an easy method to extract and fractionate transcripts from plant tissues on the basis of the number of bound ribosomes. It allows a global estimate of translation activity and the determination of the translational status of specific mRNAs.

Bitki Polizom Profiling için bir Kolay Yöntem

Translation of mRNA to protein is a fundamental and highly regulated biological process. Polysome profiling is considered as a gold standard for the ...

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

Rapid responses involving fast redistribution of messenger(m)RNA and alterations of mRNA translation are pertinent to ongoing homeostatic adjustments of the cells. These adjustments are critical to eukaryotic cell survivability and &#39;damage control&#39; during fluctuating nutrient and salinity levels, temperature, and various chemical and radiation stresses. Due to the highly dynamic nature of the RNA-level responses, and the instability of many of the RNA:RNA and RNA:protein intermediates, obtaining a meaningful snapshot of the cytoplasmic RNA state is only possible with a limited number of methods. Transcriptome-wide, RNA-seq-based ribosome profiling-type experiments are among the most informative sources of data for the control of translation. However, absence of a uniform RNA and RNA:protein intermediate stabilization can lead to different biases, particularly in the fast-paced cellular response pathways. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol of rapid fixation applicable to eukaryotic cells of different permeability, to aid in RNA and RNA:protein intermediate stabilization. We further provide examples of isolation of the stabilized RNA:protein complexes based on their co-sedimentation with ribosomal and poly(ribo)somal fractions. The separated stabilized material can be subsequently used as part of ribosome profiling-type experiments, such as in Translation Complex Profile sequencing (TCP-seq) approach and its derivatives. Versatility of the TCP-seq-style methods has now been demonstrated by the applications in a variety of organisms and cell types. The stabilized complexes can also be additionally affinity-purified and imaged using electron microscopy, separated into different poly(ribo)somal fractions and subjected to RNA sequencing, owing to the ease of the crosslink reversal. Therefore, methods based on snap-chilling and formaldehyde fixation, followed by the sedimentation-based or other type of RNA:protein complex enrichment, can be of particular interest in investigating finer details of rapid RNA:protein complex dynamics in live cells.

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

We present a technique to rapidly stabilize translational (protein biosynthesis) complexes with formaldehyde crosslinking in live yeast and mammalian cells. The approach enables dissecting transient intermediates and dynamic RNA:protein interactions. The crosslinked complexes can be used in multiple downstream applications such as in deep sequencing-based profiling methods, microscopy, and mass-spectrometry.

Ökaryotik Hücrelerden Çeviri Komplekslerinin Hızlı In Vivo Fiksasyonu ve İzolasyonu

Rapid responses involving fast redistribution of messenger(m)RNA and alterations of mRNA translation are pertinent to ongoing homeostatic adjustments of ...