1.6 : Brick Classifications

Bricks, a fundamental component of construction, are categorized based on their application and structural characteristics into several types. These include facing bricks, building bricks, hollow bricks, paving bricks, and firebricks. Facing bricks, also referred to as face bricks, are primarily used for both structural support and visual appeal, making their appearance a crucial aspect. In contrast, building bricks are typically used in concealed sections of a structure, such as behind the facing bricks in a masonry wall. Both facing and building bricks are considered solid, although they can be fully solid, cored, or contain indentations known as frogs, with the load-bearing surface being at least 75 percent solid.

Hollow bricks, characterized by having up to 60 percent of their volume as void space, are lighter than solid bricks. These voids not only reduce the weight but also facilitate the insertion and grouting of reinforcement bars, enhancing structural integrity in reinforced brick masonry. Paving bricks are engineered to endure abrasive forces and withstand the rigors of freeze-thaw cycles, ensuring durability even when infiltrated by water. Finally, firebricks are specialized for high-temperature environments, such as lining fireplaces, and are installed using thin layers of fireclay mortar to withstand extreme heat. These classifications highlight the versatility and adaptability of bricks in various construction scenarios.