Este trabalho foi apoiado pela Fundação Nacional de ciências naturais da China (Grant no. 31400936, 31460260) e a ciência Natural Fundação de Jiangxi província da China (20171BAB215020). Agradecemos também o programa conjunto entre a Universidade de Nanchang e Queen Mary University of London para apoiar este trabalho.

Todos os métodos descritos aqui foram aprovados pelo Comitê de uso de Universidade de Nanchang e cuidado Animal.
1. montar o equipamento e conectar o micrótomo
<ol><li>Desenha o parâmetro pelos requisitos (Supplementary Figura 1).</li>
	<li>Submeta o parâmetro para uma fábrica local para fabricar as placas de acrílico.</li>
	<li>Montar todas as peças na sequência: usar clorofórmio para combinar 7 placas de acrílico comerciais em um tanque com um banho de água e canal de seção (Figura 1). Cuidado: Clorofórmio produz substâncias tóxicas quando encontra luz e oxigênio. Monte o aparelho em uma coifa.</li>
	<li>Instale o elemento de aquecimento elétrico tubular através do orifício na placa de acrílico #1 (Figura 2A, ponta de seta).</li>
	<li>Para instalar o controlador de temperatura, criar um pequeno furo na placa de acrílico #2 usando uma furadeira elétrica e instale o detector de temperatura (Figura 2A, seta). Instale um termostato digital do tanque (Figura 2A). Nota: O detector de temperatura deve ser dentro de 1 cm abaixo da superfície da água.</li>
	<li>Para fornecer acesso de potência, ajuste a tensão abaixo de 24 V antes de ligar o equipamento.</li>
	<li>Remova a bandeja de resíduos de corte do micrótomo.</li>
	<li>Vincule o canal de seções com o suporte da lâmina do micrótomo com selante de silicone neutro (Figura 2B). Nota: Não difamar qualquer selante de silicone neutro acima da parte superior da lâmina para que a lâmina velha é facilmente substituída.</li>
	<li>Secar durante a noite para permitir que o clorofórmio e o tempo de selante de silicone neutro para solidificar.</li>
	<li>Instale a lâmina para o suporte da lâmina. Despeje a água do banho-maria (Figura 2). A superfície da água só deve tocar a parte superior da lâmina (Figura 2D, cabeça de seta).</li>
</ol>2. parafina seccionamento
Nota: Os restos muitas vezes se acumulam nas bordas superiores ou inferiores do bloco de cera e a superfície da água. Estes restos devem ser limpos regularmente.
<ol><li>
Execute a parafina convencional seccionamento10.
	<ol>
<li>Aperta o espécime de parafina em um micrótomo rotativo e coloque a lâmina em um suporte de lâmina.</li>
		<li>Gire o volante e a seção da amostra.</li>
		<li>Transferi a faixa de opções de parafina seccionada para o banho de água morna de 38,5 ° C.</li>
		<li>Peguem que as seções sobre o microscópio deslize da superfície da água após o desdobramento.</li>
		<li>Seca as lâminas em estufa a 42 ° C durante a noite.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Corte de parafina melhorada (Figura 3)
	<ol>
<li>Liga o equipamento.</li>
		<li>Abra o aquecedor com interruptor de deteção da temperatura e defina a temperatura alvo entre 38,0 ° C e 40,0 ° C, durante 1 h com antecedência aquecer a água.</li>
		<li>Modificar o bloco de parafina, adquirido pela incorporação de parafina; Então coloque o bloco de parafina na braçadeira de fita do micrótomo e travá-lo. Nota: As bordas superiores e inferiores do bloco de parafina devem ser alteradas horizontalmente para evitar que a fita de seção de formando um arco e tornando-se incapaz de fluxo através do canal de seções estreitas.</li>
		<li>Abordar rapidamente a amostra por mais espessas seções de corte.</li>
		<li>Ajuste a uma espessura de seção adequada (10 µm por cérebro de rato adulto, rato adulto rins e cérebro de rato embrião, 4 µm para olhos do zebrafish). Gire o volante e as seções entra automaticamente o canal de seções e banho.</li>
		<li>Seção da amostra em um curso de corte de lenta e uniforme (Figura 3A). Nota: Thethickness da primeira seção serão alterados depois que o volante foi interrompido por alguns minutos. As lâminas descartáveis devem ser substituídas quando as seções tem arranhões consecutivos.</li>
		<li>Orientar as seções na câmara de banho para flutuar em uma linha (Figura 3B, 3C). Nota: Se seção head adere à parede da câmara, utilize um guia de escova para mantê-lo flutuando.</li>
		<li>Aderir a seções em corrediças do microscópio. Após as seções totalmente desdobrar-se em banho-Maria, separadas várias seções com uma pinça. Então pegá-las com o banho de água para as lâminas de microscópio (Figura 3D). Nota: Seções devem ser recolhidas a parte posterior do banho de água, como aqueles no anterior do banho de água e o canal de seções não ainda será totalmente desdobradas.</li>
		<li>Seca as lâminas, colocando-os em um forno de 42 ° C durante a noite. Os slides podem ser armazenados à temperatura ambiente por tempo indeterminado.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Use a coloração de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) por uma questão de avaliação do melhor método8.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+zebrafish+histology.">High-throughput zebrafish histology.</a> Methods. 39 (3), 246-254 (2006).</li><li>Chen, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid-Cut:+An+Improved+Sectioning+Method+for+Recalcitrant+Plant+Tissue+Samples.">Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (117), e54754 (2016).</li><li>Kucherenko, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin-Embedded+and+Frozen+Sections+of+Drosophila+Adult+Muscles.">Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (46), e2438 (2010).</li><li>Cornell, W. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin+Embedding+and+Thin+Sectioning+of+Microbial+Colony+Biofilms+for+Microscopic+Analysis.">Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (133), e57196 (2018).</li><li>Whiteland, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistochemical+detection+of+T-cell+subsets+and+other+leukocytes+in+paraffin-embedded+rat+and+mouse+tissues+with+monoclonal+antibodies.">Immunohistochemical detection of T-cell subsets and other leukocytes in paraffin-embedded rat and mouse tissues with monoclonal antibodies.</a> Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 43 (3), 313-320 (1995).</li><li>Tucker, D. K., Foley, J. 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Os autores têm uma patente neste dispositivo e declaram sem interesses concorrentes.

Para melhorar a morfologia de seção de parafina e resolver o problema do desperdício de tempo durante o corte de parafina convencional, criamos uma parafina melhorada método que combina o corte e o desdobramento de seccionamento. Este método de melhoria se baseia em equipamento simples que compreende um canal de seção, um banho de água e um aquecedor com um interruptor de deteção de temperatura. A faixa de opções da seção entra o banho de água através do canal de seção e desenrola-se automaticamente dur...

Estudo morfológico é importante na pesquisa biológica. Apesar de nova tecnologia permitiu que os pesquisadores a observar seus alvos diretamente do tecido inteiro ou organismos1,2,3, cortar a amostra em seções finas, seguiram de coloração, continua a ser o principal morfologia de tecido único método porque mas também proteína alvo diretamente no tecido. Microscopia de luz usa três tipos de seção: parafina, congelada e semithin. Embora cryosectioning é comum para proteger antigenicidade de tecido, e a preparação das amostras é simples, a morfologia do tecido retido é pobre e inadequado para fino corte4,5. Corte de parafina é o método mais frequentemente usado para exibindo morfologia bem preservada. Como os espécimes são desidratados completamente e incorporados em cera, os blocos de parafina podem ser armazenados indefinidamente. Além disso, parafina seccionamento produz seções finas que melhorar o acesso da sonda biológica em novas experiências e reduzem a sobreposição de camadas de célula na direção Z.
No entanto, seccionamento de parafina convencional é tedioso e exige habilidade do operador. Cortes de parafina passam por fixação, desidratação, incorporação, cortando e flutuante. Importante, transferir fitas seção do suporte da faca para o banho de água é necessária mas difícil para os operadores Júnior. Especialmente no ar seco, as fitas da seção torce-se devido à eletricidade estática em são difíceis de se desdobrar na superfície de água morna. Para melhorar a seção qualidade, umedecendo a superfície do tecido exposto entre passes de lâmina micrótomo, refrigerando os blocos de cera por imergindo-os em água gelada, ou levantando a umidade com um umidificador perto do micrótomo é recomendada6,7 . Novos métodos para melhorar a parafina seccionamento incluem híbrido parafina incorporação cryosectioning8e setor comercial transferência sistema assistência9. Embora esses métodos parcialmente melhorar parafina seccionamento velocidade e qualidade, eles fazem o corte muito mais pesado, e sistemas de transferência de seção comercial são caros.
Neste protocolo, demonstramos como criar equipamentos simples, barato e flexível passo a passo, que podem ser conectado à porta de um micrótomo rotativo. Este equipamento é composto de um canal de seção, um banho de água e um aquecedor com um interruptor de deteção de temperatura. Após o corte, dezenas de seções fluem para o canal de seção e insira o banho de água diretamente, assim se desenrola automaticamente. Isto melhora a eficiência de corte de parafina e faz com que esta tecnologia mais conveniente. Usando este método, mais adultas seções hippocampal do rato, seções de rim de rato adulto, embrionárias 15,5 dias de idade (E15.5) do mouse cérebro seções e olho adulto zebrafish seções foram colhidas em menos tempo e manteve-se intacta mais morfologicamente. Esse método também pode ser usado para outras amostras de tecidos que requerem parafina acelerada de corte, evitando a perda de distinção da seção.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>Boekel Scientific</td><td>133000-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>64-17-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylene&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>1330-20-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraplast</td><td>Leica</td><td>39601006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heated Paraffin Embedding Module</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial acrylic board</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trichloromethane</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>67-66-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tubular electric heating element(12 V 200 W)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temperature controller(12 V 120 W)</td><td>Mingsuo</td><td>XH-W3002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary microtome&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neutral silicone sealant</td><td></td><td></td><td>Link the water channel with the microtome knife holder</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage transformer</td><td>Dearll</td><td>S-250-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable blade</td><td>Accu-Edge</td><td>4689</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hematoxylin</td><td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td><td>BA-4025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eosin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td><td>BA-4025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microslide</td><td>Sail Brand</td><td>7105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neutral balsam</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>10004160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coverslip&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Citoglas</td><td>10212424C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Xilong Chemical</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath for paraffin sections</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HistoCore Arcadia C&amp;nbsp;- Cold Plate</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paraffin repellent spray&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>9990420</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

the cutting and floating method for paraffin-embedded tissue for sectioning

Corte do tecido parafina é amplamente utilizado em histologia e patologia. No entanto, é tedioso. Para melhorar este método, várias empresas comerciais criaram sistemas de transferência de seção complexo usando água fluida. Para simplificar essa tecnologia, criamos um método simples usando equipamento caseiro que combina o corte e flutuando dentro de uma câmara termostática simples; Portanto, as seções entram automaticamente o banho de água na superfície da água. O hipocampo do cérebro do rato adulto, rato adulto rins, cérebro de rato embrionárias e olhos adultos do zebrafish foram cortadas usando parafina convencional de corte e o método apresentado para comparação. Análise estatística mostra que nosso método melhorado poupado tempo e produziu seções de qualidade superiores. Além disso, parafina seccionamento de um espécime em um curto período de tempo é fácil para os operadores Júnior.

O método melhorado aumentou o número de cortes de parafina intacta. Nós testamos este novo método no tecido hippocampal do rato adulto, rato adulto rins, cérebro de rato embrionárias e olhos do zebrafish. Água foi adicionada ao tanque, e a temperatura da água foi mantida entre 38,0 ° C e 40,0 ° C. Depois de uma série preparar as amostras de tecido, foram seccionados e comparados com corte convencional. O novo método de evitar a perda de seção e aumentou a proporção de seç...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning at JoVE.com

The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

O corte e o método flutuante para tecido parafina para seccionamento

Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo para melhorar o corte de parafina. Este método combina flutuante usando uma simples câmara termostática para evitar o processo de transferência exigido pelo método convencional e de corte. Como resultado, a eficiência e o número de cortes de parafina intactas foram grandemente melhoradas.

Sectioning of the paraffin-embedded tissue is widely used in histology and pathology. However, it is tedious. To improve this method, several commercial ...

the-cutting-floating-method-for-paraffin-embedded-tissue-for

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

18.2K visualizações.  Nanchang University. Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo para melhorar o corte de parafina. Este método combina flutuante usando uma simples câmara termostática para evitar o processo de transferência exigido pelo método convencional e de corte. Como resultado, a eficiência e o número de cortes de parafina intactas foram grandemente melhoradas.

Vídeo: The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

Thin Sectioning of Slice Preparations for Immunohistochemistry

Many investigations in neuroscience, as well as other disciplines, involve studying small, yet macroscopic pieces or sections of tissue that have been preserved, freshly removed, or excised but kept viable, as in slice preparations of brain tissue.  Subsequent microscopic studies of this material can be challenging, as the tissue samples may be difficult to handle.  Demonstrated here is a method for obtaining thin cryostat sections of tissue with a thickness that may range from 0.2-5.0 mm.  We routinely cut 400 micron thick Vibratome brain slices serially into 5-10 micron coronal cryostat sections.  The slices are typically first used for electrophysiology experiments and then require microscopic analysis of the cytoarchitecture of the region from which the recordings were observed.  We have constructed a simple device that allows controlled and reproducible preparation and positioning of the tissue slice.  This device consists of a cylinder 5 cm in length with a diameter of 1.2 cm, which serves as a freezing stage for the slice.  A ring snugly slides over the cylinder providing walls around the slice allowing the tissue to be immersed in freezing compound (e.g., OCT).  This is then quickly frozen with crushed dry ice and the resulting  wafer  can be position easily for cryostat sectioning.  Thin sections can be thaw-mounted onto coated slides to allow further studies to be performed, such as various staining methods, in situ hybridization, or immunohistochemistry, as demonstrated here.

The present method allows reproducible cryostat sectioning of small, difficult-to-manage, tissue pieces, such as biopsies and brain slices. We utilize a simple aluminum freezing stage to facilitate handling of tissue and a standard cryostat to routinely produce 5-10 micron serial sections from 400 micron thick brain slices.

Seccionamento fina de Preparações Slice para Imunohistoquímica

Many investigations in neuroscience, as well as other disciplines, involve studying small, yet macroscopic pieces or sections of tissue that have been ...

Biologia

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

Morphologic assessment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples has been the gold standard for cancer diagnostics for decades due to its excellent preservation of morphology. Personalized medicine increasingly provides individually adapted and targeted therapies for characterized individual diseases enabled by combined morphological and molecular analytical technologies and diagnostics. Performance of morphologic and molecular assays from the same FFPE specimen is challenging because of the negative impact of formalin due to chemical modification and cross-linking of nucleic acids and proteins. A non-cross-linking, formalin-free tissue fixative has been recently developed to fulfil both requirements, i.e., to preserve morphology like FFPE and biomolecules like cryo-preservation. Since FISH is often required in combination with histopathology and molecular diagnostics, we tested the applicability of FISH protocols on tissues treated with this new fixative. We found that formalin post-fixation of histological sections of non-cross-linking, formalin-free and paraffin-embedded (NCFPE) breast cancer tissue generated equivalent results to those with FFPE tissue in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) FISH analysis. This protocol describes how a FISH assay originally developed and validated for FFPE tissue can be used for NCFPE tissues by a simple post-fixation step of histological sections.

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is often required in combination with histopathology and molecular diagnostics for selection of therapy in personalized medicine. A novel non-cross-linking, formalin-free tissue fixative that allows high quality morphologic, molecular and FISH analyses from the same specimen by addition of a post-fixation step before FISH is presented.

Protocolo para HER2 pescar usando um fixador de tecido não-cross-linking, livre de formol para combinar as vantagens da crio-preservação e fixação de formalina

Morphologic assessment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples has been the gold standard for cancer diagnostics for decades due to its ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis

Sectioning via paraffin embedding is a broadly established technique in eukaryotic systems. Here we provide a method for the fixation, embedding, and sectioning of intact microbial colony biofilms using perfused paraffin wax. To adapt this method for use on colony biofilms, we developed techniques for maintaining each sample on its growth substrate and laminating it with an agar overlayer, and added lysine to the fixative solution. These optimizations improve sample retention and preservation of micromorphological features. Samples prepared in this manner are amenable to thin sectioning and imaging by light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We have applied this technique to colony biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas synxantha, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholerae. The high level of detail visible in samples generated by this method, combined with reporter strain engineering or the use of specific dyes, can provide exciting insights into the physiology and development of microbial communities.

We describe fixation, paraffin embedding, and thin sectioning techniques for microbial colony biofilms. In prepared samples, biofilm substructure and reporter expression patterns can be visualized by microscopy.

Incorporação de parafina e corte fino de biofilmes microbianos colônia para análise microscópica

Sectioning via paraffin embedding is a broadly established technique in eukaryotic systems. Here we provide a method for the fixation, embedding, and ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Transplantation Into the Mouse Ovarian Fat Pad

Orthotopic transplantation assays in mice are invaluable for studies of cell regeneration and neoplastic transformation. Common approaches for orthotopic transplantation of ovarian surface and tubal epithelia include intraperitoneal and intrabursal administration of cells. The respective limitations of these methods include poorly defined location of injected cells and limited space volume. Furthermore, they are poorly suited for long-term structural preservation of transplanted organs. To address these challenges, we have developed an alternative approach, which is based on the introduction of cells and tissue fragments into the mouse fat pad. The mouse ovarian fat pad is located in the immediate vicinity of the ovary and uterine tube (aka oviduct, fallopian tube), and provides a familiar microenvironment for cells and tissues of these organs. In our approach fluorescence-labeled mouse and human cells, and fragments of the uterine tube are engrafted by using minimally traumatic dorsal incision surgery. Transplanted cells and their outgrowths are easily located in the ovarian fat pad for over 40 days. Long-term transplantation of the entire uterine tube allows correct preservation of all principle tissue components, and does not result in adverse side effects, such as fibrosis and inflammation. Our approach should be uniquely applicable for answering important biological questions such as differentiation, regenerative and neoplastic potential of specific cell populations. Furthermore, it should be suitable for studies of microenvironmental factors in normal development and cancer.

We describe an ovarian fad pad transplantation assay suitable for studies of normal and transformed epithelia of the female reproductive tract. The mouse fat pad allows transplantation of large tissue fragments, is easily accessible for surgery and imaging, and provides the most favorable native environment for tissues of M&#252;llerian origin.

Transplantação no Pad Mouse ovário Fat

Orthotopic transplantation assays in mice are invaluable for studies of cell regeneration and neoplastic transformation. Common approaches for orthotopic ...

Medicina

Establishment and Analysis of Tumor Slice Explants As a Prerequisite for Diagnostic Testing

Organotypic primary tissue explant cultures, which include precision-cut slices, represent the three-dimensional (3-D) tissue architecture as well as the multicellular interactions of native tissue. Tissue&#160;slices immediately cut from freshly resected tumors preserve spatial aspects of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), thus making them useful surrogates of in vivo biology. Careful optimization of tissue slice preparation and cultivation conditions is fundamental for the predictive diagnostic potential of tumor slice explants. In this regard, murine models are valuable, as these provide a consistent flow of tumor material to perform replicate and reproducible experiments. This protocol describes the culturing of murine lung tumor-derived tissue slices using a rotating incubation unit, a system that enables intermittent exposure of tissues to oxygen and nutrients. Our previous work showed that the use of rotating incubation units improves the viability of tissue compared to other culture methods, particularly floating slices and stagnant filter supports. Here, we further show that slice thickness influences the viability of cultured slices, suggesting that optimization of slice thickness should be done for different tissue types. Pronounced ITH in relevant oncogenic functions, such as signaling activities, stromal cell infiltration or expression of differentiation markers, necessitates evaluation of adjacent tissue slices for the expression of markers altered by drug treatment or cultivation itself. In summary, this protocol describes the generation of murine lung tumor slices and their culture on a rotating incubation unit and demonstrates how slices should be systematically analyzed for the expression of heterogeneous tissue markers, as a prerequisite prior to drug response studies.

We provide a method for the generation, cultivation and systematic analysis of organotypic slices derived from murine lung tumors. We also describe how to optimize for slice thickness, and how to select drug concentrations to treat tumor slices.

Estabelecimento e análise do Tumor fatia Explants como um pré-requisito para o teste de diagnóstico

Organotypic primary tissue explant cultures, which include precision-cut slices, represent the three-dimensional (3-D) tissue architecture as well as the ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some plant cells have rigid cell walls, tough fibers and crystals (calcium oxalate, silica, etc.), and high water content that often disrupt tissue integrity during plant tissue sectioning.
This study establishes a simple Hybrid-Cut tissue sectioning method. This protocol modifies a paraffin-based sectioning technique and improves the integrity of tissue sections from different plants. Plant tissues were embedded in paraffin before sectioning in a cryostat at -16 &#176;C. Sectioning under low temperature hardened the paraffin blocks, reduced tearing and scratching, and improved tissue integrity significantly. This protocol was successfully applied to calcium oxalate-rich Phalaenopsis orchid tissues as well as recalcitrant tissues such as reproductive organs and leaves of rice, maize, and wheat. In addition, the high quality of tissue sections from Hybrid-Cut could be used in combination with in situ hybridization (ISH) to provide spatial expression patterns of genes of interest. In conclusion, this protocol is particularly useful for recalcitrant plant tissue containing high crystal or silica content. Good quality tissue sections enable morphological and other biological studies.

This protocol describes a simple Hybrid-Cut tissue sectioning method that is useful for recalcitrant plant tissues. Good quality tissue sections enable anatomical studies and other biological studies including in situ hybridization (ISH).

Hybrid-Cut: Um Método Seccionamento melhorado para amostras de tecidos de plantas recalcitrante

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...

Pancreatic Islet Embedding for Paraffin Sections

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a mixed cell population in a structured architecture that impacts function, and human islets are widely variable in cell type composition. Current frequently used methods to study cultured islets include molecular studies performed on whole islets, lumping disparate islet cell types together, or microscopy or molecular studies on dispersed islet cells, disrupting islet architecture. For in vivo islet studies, paraffin-embedded pancreas sectioning is a powerful technique to assess cell-specific outcomes in the native pancreatic environment. Studying post-culture islets by paraffin sectioning would offer several advantages: detection of multiple outcomes on the same islets (potentially even the exact-same islets, using serial sections), cell-type-specific measurements, and maintaining native islet cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions both during experimental exposure and for analysis. However, existing techniques for embedding isolated islets post-culture are inefficient, time consuming, prone to loss of material, and generally produce sections with inadequate islet numbers to be useful for quantifying outcomes. Clinical pathology laboratory cell block preparation facilities are inaccessible and impractical for basic research laboratories. We have developed an improved, simplified bench-top method that generates sections with robust yield and distribution of islets. Fixed islets are resuspended in warm histological agarose gel and pipetted into a flat disc on a standard glass slide, such that the islets are distributed in a plane. After standard dehydration and embedding, multiple (10+) 4 - 5 &#181;m sections can be cut from the same islet block. Using this method, histological&#160;and immunofluorescent analyses can be performed on mouse, rat, and human islets. This is an effective, inexpensive, time-saving approach to assess cell-type-specific, intact-architecture outcomes from cultured islets.

Ex vivo pancreatic islet studies are important for diabetes research. Existing techniques to study cultured islets in their native 3-dimensional architecture are time consuming, inefficient, and infrequently used. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient method for generating high-quality paraffin sections of whole cultured islets.

Ilhota pancreatic incorporação para cortes de parafina

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a ...

Optimized Thin Endometrium Mouse Model with Low Mortality and Minimal Adhesions

Establishing a Mouse Model of Thin Endometrium

Thin endometrium (TE) has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility. However, the pathogenesis of TE remains unclear, and satisfactory treatment options are still urgently needed. Several animal models of TE have been developed, but the mouse model involving abdominal surgery and injection of 95% ethanol presents a formidable challenge due to the high mortality rate and risk of intrauterine adhesions if not performed correctly. Here, we describe a detailed protocol that produces reliable and reproducible TE with a very low mortality rate and minimal intrauterine adhesions by injecting 95% ethanol into the mouse uterus with varying infusion times. The results showed that all of the mice successfully developed TE with infusion times ranging from 1-3 min, characterized by a typical reduction in endometrial thickness and the number of glands, as well as excessive endometrial fibrosis. These findings suggest that this mouse model is suitable for studying thin endometrium and can serve as a platform for developing future TE treatments.

This article describes a detailed protocol for producing a reliable and reproducible thin endometrium with a very low mortality rate and minimal intrauterine adhesions by injecting 95% ethanol into the mouse uterus within 1-3 min.

Thin endometrium (TE) has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility. However, the pathogenesis of TE remains unclear, and satisfactory ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Avaliação da microvasculatura pulmonar com coloração de isolectina B4 em camundongos

Quantifying Pulmonary Microvascular Density in Mice Across Lobules

The abnormal alternation of pulmonary angiogenesis is related to lung microvascular dysfunction and is deeply linked to vascular wall integrity, blood flow regulation, and gas exchange. In murine models, lung lobes exhibit significant differences in size, shape, location, and vascularization, yet existing methods lack consideration for these variations when quantifying microvascular density. This limitation hinders the comprehensive study of lung microvascular dysfunction and the potential remodeling of microvasculature circulation across different lobules. Our protocol addresses this gap by employing two sectioning methods to quantify pulmonary microvascular density changes, leveraging the size, shape, and distribution of airway branches across distinct lobes in mice. We then utilize Isolectin B4 (IB4) staining to label lung microvascular endothelial cells on different slices, followed by unbiased microvascular density analysis using the freely available software ImageJ. The results presented here highlight varying degrees of microvascular density changes across lung lobules with aging, comparing young and old mice. This protocol offers a straightforward and cost-effective approach for unbiased quantification of pulmonary microvascular density, facilitating research on both physiological and pathological aspects of lung microvasculature.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor em destaque: Avanços na quantificação da densidade microvascular em pulmões murinos envelhecidos

Here, we describe a simple and economical protocol to perform unbiased quantification of pulmonary microvascular density for whole mice lung tissue using single staining of Isolectin B4.

Quantificando a densidade microvascular pulmonar em camundongos através de lóbulos

The abnormal alternation of pulmonary angiogenesis is related to lung microvascular dysfunction and is deeply linked to vascular wall integrity, blood ...

O corte e o método flutuante para tecido parafina para seccionamento

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Transplantação no Pad Mouse ovário Fat

Estabelecimento e análise do Tumor fatia Explants como um pré-requisito para o teste de diagnóstico

Hybrid-Cut: Um Método Seccionamento melhorado para amostras de tecidos de plantas recalcitrante

Ilhota pancreatic incorporação para cortes de parafina

Establishing a Mouse Model of Thin Endometrium

Quantificando a densidade microvascular pulmonar em camundongos através de lóbulos

Quantificando a densidade microvascular pulmonar em camundongos através de lóbulos