Name: a method to test the effect of environmental cues on mating behavior in drosophila melanogaster
Uploaded: 2017-07-17T13:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

Agradecemos ao Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center pelas ações da mosca; C. Gahr, JT Alkema e S. van Hasselt por sua tentativa inicial de desenvolver o ensaio de ar pressurizado; Jasper Bosman, pelo conselho sobre o cultivo de fermento; E Rezza Azanchi e Joel Levine por desenvolverem originalmente o monitoramento do lapso de tempo do comportamento de acoplamento de Drosophila . A JA Gorter foi apoiada por uma bolsa do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Pesquisa de Neurociências BCN / NWO. Este trabalho foi apoiado em parte pela organização holandesa de pesquisa científica (NWO) (referência: 821.02.020) a JC Billeter.

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Este protocolo descreve um ensaio para testar o comportamento de acasalamento ao longo de 24 h, enquanto controla continuamente as pistas ambientais que um casal de acasalamento tem a hipótese de usar para determinar a freqüência de acasalamento. É possível aumentar a frequência de acasalamento em resposta ao ar de fermento entregue através de um sistema de ar pressurizado quando o meio também contém levedura ( Figura 2B ). Além disso, uma resposta semelhante na freqüência de acoplamento pod...

Os comportamentos reprodutivos tipicamente têm altos custos de energia, especialmente para as mulheres, que produzem gametas maiores do que os machos e devem escolher cuidadosamente as condições para elevar sua prole em desenvolvimento. Devido ao custo da energia, não é surpreendente que a reprodução esteja ligada a condições nutricionais. Isso é verdade na maioria, se não em todos, animais, incluindo mamíferos, cuja puberdade pode ser adiada pela desnutrição e cuja excitação sexual pode ser afetada negativamente pela restrição alimentar 1 . A reprodução do organismo modelo genético Drosophila melanogaster também é afetada por condições nutricionais. Tribunal dos machos em nível superior na presença de voláteis alimentares 2 , e as mulheres são mais receptivas sexualmente na presença de fermento, um importante nutriente para a produção de ovos e a sobrevivência da prole 3 , 4 , 5 . esteA resposta reprodutiva reproduzida evolutiva aos alimentos oferece a oportunidade de estudar mecanismos que conectem a disponibilidade de alimentos ambientais à reprodução sexual em um organismo genéticamente atraente e eficiente em termos de tempo. Na verdade, o trabalho em D. melanogaster implicou a via da insulina como um importante regulador da conexão entre alimentação e comportamento de acasalamento 6 . Também mostrou que o ato de se acasalar altera a preferência alimentar das fêmeas, bem como os neurônios quimiossensíveis associados 7 , 8 , 9 . É claro que as indicações alimentares afetam os comportamentos reprodutivos em D. melanogaster . Esses efeitos parecem afetar principalmente as fêmeas, especificamente aqueles que já se acasalaram 5 . No entanto, para testar esses efeitos agudos das condições ambientais, o ensaio clássico usado para o comportamento de acasalamento feminino podeNão seja muito adequado devido às longas interrupções entre os episódios de acasalamento. No clássico ensaio de rematamento, uma fêmea virgem primeiro mata com um macho e é imediatamente isolada e apresentou um novo macho 24 a 48 h depois. Este ensaio clássico tem sido usado com grande sucesso para identificar componentes da ejaculação masculina que modificam o comportamento feminino e a resposta feminina 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 . O ensaio de acoplamento contínuo demonstrado aqui é, portanto, uma adição aos ensaios clássicos de acoplamento que podem ser usados ​​para estudar o efeito agudo das condições ambientais nos comportamentos reprodutivos. Usando o ensaio contínuo para comportamento de acasalamento que é explicado aqui, anteriormente mostramos que um par de moscas expostas à fermento irá remeter sSempre em um período de observação de 24 h 5 , 19 , 20 , 21 , enquanto as moscas não expostas aos alimentos só serão rematadas uma vez 5 . Esta descoberta pode ser intrigante à luz de uma grande parte da literatura de D. melanogaster , indicando que as fêmeas não remontam por vários dias após um acasalamento inicial (revisado nas referências 10 , 11 ). No entanto, esta discrepância pode ser facilmente explicada por condições de ensaio, onde uma fêmea é isolada por um a vários dias antes de uma nova oportunidade de acasalamento ser fornecida. Se o par não se acasalar nesse período de observação de uma hora, a fêmea é caracterizada como não receptiva. Além disso, a alta freqüência de acasalamento não deve ser surpreendente, dado que os dados de moscas selvagens mostram que as fêmeas contêm esperma de 4 a 6 machos em seus órgãos de armazenamento; Assim, emDicionando que as fêmeas naturalmente remontam várias vezes 22 , 23 . Aqui, demonstramos o uso deste ensaio de acoplamento contínuo para desvendar como as moscas se reúnem e combinam informações sobre condições ambientais para modular a freqüência de acasalamento. Este ensaio permite testar um número relativamente grande de casais de acasalamento para estudos genéticos e testar a influência de pistas ambientais voláteis e não voláteis. O ensaio normalmente é executado por 24 h, mas pode ser prolongado para 48 h, permitindo o teste de pistas ambientais de ciclagem, como o ciclo luz-escuro (LD). Demonstramos este ensaio testando a influência das pistas voláteis de uma cultura de fermento dentro de um sistema de ar pressurizado em combinação com a disponibilidade de nutrientes de fermento não volátil no substrato alimentar. O sistema de ar pressurizado bombeia continuamente sinais voláteis para uma arena de acasalamento que contémUm substrato alimentar e um casal teste (cujo comportamento de acasalamento é monitorado). Para determinar ainda mais as especificidades através das quais a levedura influencia o acasalamento, testamos um grande composto volátil de fermento, a saber, ácido acético 24 , em combinação com um teor de aminoácidos que corresponde ao de fermento no substrato alimentar, na forma de peptona (amino Ácidos derivados da digestão enzimática de proteínas animais). Juntos, essas experiências demonstram como o efeito de pistas ambientais sobre o comportamento de acoplamento de D. melanogaster pode ser testado com este ensaio.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Cabinet&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stainless steel kitchen cabinet</td><td>Horecaworld</td><td>7412.0105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>White LEDs</td><td>Lucky Light</td><td>ll-583wc2c-001</td><td>Cold white, 20 mAmp and 2 V</td></tr><tr><td>Red LEDs</td><td>Lucky Ligt</td><td>ll-583vc2c-v1-4da</td><td>Wavelength between 625 nm, 20 mAmp and 6 V</td></tr><tr><td>Resistor</td><td>Royal Ohm</td><td>CFR0W4J0561A50</td><td>560 ohm, 0.25 W, 250 V and 5 % tolerance</td></tr><tr><td>Smartphone light meter app</td><td>Patrick Giudicelli</td><td></td><td>Light/Lux Meter FREE, version 1.1.1</td></tr><tr><td>Power timer</td><td>Alecto</td><td>TS-121</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metal brackets</td><td></td><td></td><td>Sharp angle 5 by 5 mm,&amp;nbsp; 2 x 5450 and 1 x 1100 mm long</td></tr><tr><td>Frosted glass plate</td><td></td><td></td><td>1190 x 545 x 5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Filter paper sheets</td><td>LEE filters</td><td>220</td><td>White frost</td></tr><tr><td>Small fan</td><td>Nanoxia Deep silence</td><td>4260285292828</td><td>80 mm Ultra-Quiet PC Fan, 1200 RPM</td></tr><tr><td>Big fan</td><td>Nanoxia Deep silence</td><td>4260285292910</td><td>120 mm Ultra-Quiet PC Fan, 650-1500 RPM</td></tr><tr><td>Webcam camera</td><td>Logitech</td><td>950270</td><td>B910 HD WEBCAM OEM, Angle: 78-degree, resolution: 5-million-pixel&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Camera software</td><td>DeskShare</td><td></td><td>Security monitor pro</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Fly rearing&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fly rearing bottles</td><td>Flystuff</td><td>32-130</td><td>6oz Drosophila stock 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a method to test the effect of environmental cues on mating behavior in drosophila melanogaster

A movimentação sexual de um indivíduo é influenciada pelo genótipo, experiência e condições ambientais. A forma como esses fatores interagem para modular os comportamentos sexuais permanece mal compreendida. Em Drosophila melanogaster , as pistas ambientais, como a disponibilidade de alimentos, afetam a atividade de acasalamento oferecendo um sistema atraente para investigar os mecanismos que modulam o comportamento sexual. Em D. melanogaster , as sugestões ambientais são muitas vezes detectadas através dos sistemas gustativos e olfativos quimiossensíveis. Aqui, apresentamos um método para testar o efeito de pistas químicas ambientais sobre o comportamento de acasalamento. O ensaio consiste em uma pequena arena de acasalamento contendo meio alimentar e um casal de acasalamento. A frequência de acasalamento para cada casal é monitorada continuamente por 24 h. Aqui apresentamos a aplicabilidade deste ensaio para testar compostos ambientais de uma fonte externa através de um sistema de ar pressurizado, bem como a manipulação dos componentes ambientais diretamente na arena de acasalamento. VocêUm sistema de ar pressurizado é especialmente útil para testar o efeito de compostos muito voláteis, enquanto a manipulação de componentes diretamente na arena de acasalamento pode ser útil para determinar a presença de um composto. Este ensaio pode ser adaptado para responder a perguntas sobre a influência de pistas genéticas e ambientais sobre comportamento e fecundidade de acasalamento, bem como outros comportamentos reprodutivos masculinos e femininos.

O uso desse ensaio contínuo, comportamento de acasalamento e freqüência de acoplamento em específico, pode ser determinado em condições ambientais experimentais. Para controlar as condições ambientais, transformamos um armário de cozinha de aço inoxidável em uma área de teste, com sua própria fonte de luz e difusão, o que garante uma alta abundância de luz e um mínimo de brilho do topo das arenas de acoplamento ( Figura 1A ) . A área de teste interna é ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Demonstramos um ensaio para analisar as pistas ambientais e genéticas que influenciam o comportamento de acasalamento na mosca da fruta Drosophila melanogaster .

Um método para testar o efeito de sugestões ambientais no comportamento de acoplamento em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

An individual's sexual drive is influenced by genotype, experience and environmental conditions. How these factors interact to modulate sexual behaviors ...

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Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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Behavior

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

9.0K visualizações.  University of Groningen.  Demonstramos um ensaio para analisar as pistas ambientais e genéticas que influenciam o comportamento de acasalamento na mosca da fruta Drosophila melanogaster . 

Vídeo: A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and various neurological diseases1. We have optimized simple and robust behavioral assays for determining larval locomotion, adult climbing ability (RING assay), and courtship behaviors of Drosophila. These behavioral assays are widely applicable for studying the role of genetic and environmental factors on fly behavior. Larval crawling ability can be reliably used for determining early stage changes in the crawling abilities of Drosophila larvae and also for examining effect of drugs or human disease genes (in transgenic flies) on their locomotion. The larval crawling assay becomes more applicable if expression or abolition of a gene causes lethality in pupal or adult stages, as these flies do not survive to adulthood where they otherwise could be assessed. This basic assay can also be used in conjunction with bright light or stress to examine additional behavioral responses in Drosophila larvae. Courtship behavior has been widely used to investigate genetic basis of sexual behavior, and can also be used to examine activity and coordination, as well as learning and memory. Drosophila courtship behavior involves the exchange of various sensory stimuli including visual, auditory, and chemosensory signals between males and females that lead to a complex series of well characterized motor behaviors culminating in successful copulation. Traditional adult climbing assays (negative geotaxis) are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming, with significant variation between different trials2-4. The rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) assay5 has many advantages over more widely employed protocols, providing a reproducible, sensitive, and high throughput approach to quantify adult locomotor and negative geotaxis behaviors. In the RING assay, several genotypes or drug treatments can be tested simultaneously using large number of animals, with the high-throughput approach making it more amenable for screening experiments.

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster is a genetically and behaviorally tractable model system that has been used to understand the molecular and cellular basis of many important biological processes for over a century 1. Drosophila has been well exploited to gain insights into the genetic basis of fly behavior.

Métodos de Ensaio para Drosophila Comportamento

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ...

Neurociência

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In a light-tight box illuminated by red light that is invisible to fruit flies, a camera linked to custom data acquisition software monitors the position of six flies simultaneously. Each fly is confined to walk in individual arenas containing a food odor at the center. The testing arenas rest on a porous floor that functions to prevent odor accumulation. Latency to locate the odor source, a metric that reflects olfactory sensitivity under different physiological states, is determined by software analysis. Here, we discuss the critical mechanics of running this behavioral paradigm and cover specific issues regarding fly loading, odor contamination, assay temperature, data quality, and statistical analysis.

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

A Single-fly Ensaio para comportamento de forrageamento em<em&gt; Drosophila</em

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video ...

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by stressed conspecifics due to an odorant released during stress known as the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO). Through the use of the T-maze apparatus, one can quantify the avoidance of the dSO by responder flies in a very affordable and robust assay. Conditions necessary to obtain a strong performance are presented here. A stressful experience is necessary for the flies to emit dSO, as well as enough emitter flies to cause a robust avoidance response to the presence of dSO. Genetic background, but not their group size, strongly altered the avoidance of the dSO by the responder flies. Canton-S and Elwood display a higher performance in avoiding the dSO than Oregon and Samarkand strains. This behavioral assay will allow identification of mechanisms underlying this social behavior, and the assessment of the influence of genes and environmental conditions on both emission and avoidance of the dSO. Such an assay can be included in batteries of simple diagnostic tests used to identify social deficiencies of mutants or environmental conditions of interest.

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Here, we present a protocol to quantify the avoidance of stressed individuals. This paradigm is powerful yet user-friendly and can be used to assess the influence of genes and environment on one kind of social interaction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ensaio simples para Quantificação de Prevenção Social<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by ...

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy and cheap methods to distinguish between individuals in a trial. A standard technique for this is CO2 anaesthesia and then labelling or wing clipping each fly. However, this is invasive and has been shown to affect behavior. Other techniques have used coloration to identify flies. This article presents a simple and non-invasive method for labelling Drosophila that allows them to be individually identified within experiments, using food coloring. This method is used in trials where two males compete to mate with a female. Dyeing allowed quick and easy identification. There was, however, some difference in the strength of the coloration across the three species tested. Data is presented showing the dye has a lower impact on mating behavior than CO2 in Drosophila melanogaster. The impact of CO2 anaesthesia is shown to depend on the species of Drosophila, with D. pseudoobscura and D. subobscura showing no impact, whereas D. melanogaster males had reduced mating success. The dye method presented is applicable to a wide range of experimental designs.

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

This protocol describes a simple, cost effective way to individually identify Drosophila or other insects. Demonstration data investigating mating success across three species of Drosophila show that this method is comparable or better than the use of CO2 anaesthesia.

Tingimento Insetos para Comportamentais Ensaios: o comportamento de acasalamento dos anestesiado<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy ...

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a straightforward manner. As we previously demonstrated 1, in a two-dimensional chamber, we first force the flies to form a tight group, subsequently allowing them to take their preferred distance from each other. After the flies have settled, we measure the distance to the closest neighbor (or social space), processing a static picture with free online software (ImageJ). The analysis of the distance to the closest neighbor allows researchers to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on social interaction, while controlling for potential confounding factors. Diverse factors such as climbing ability, time of day, sex, and number of flies, can modify social spacing of flies. We thus propose a series of experimental controls to mitigate these confounding effects. This assay can be used for at least two purposes. First, researchers can determine how their favorite environmental shift (such as isolation, temperature, stress or toxins) will impact social spacing 1,2. Second, researchers can dissect the genetic and neural underpinnings of this basic form of social behavior 1,3. Specifically, we used it as a diagnostic tool to study the role of orthologous genes thought to be involved in social behavior in other organisms, such as candidate genes for autism in humans 4.

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

The effect of genes and environment on social space of Drosophila melanogaster can be quantified through a powerful but straightforward analytical paradigm. We show here different factors that can affect this social space, and thus need to be taken into consideration when designing experiments in this paradigm.

Condições que afetam Espaço Social em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a ...

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

Aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is composed of the sequential expression of stereotypical behavioral patterns (for analysis see 1). This complex behavior is influenced by genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. As in many organisms, previous fighting experience influences the fighting strategy of flies and the outcome of later contests: losing a fight increases the probability of losing later contests, revealing &#34;loser&#34; effects that likely involve learning and memory 2-4. The learning and memory that accompanies expression of complex social behaviors like aggression, is sensitive to pre-test handling of animals 5,6. Many experimental procedures are used in different laboratories to study aggression 7-9, however, no routinely used protocol that excludes handling of flies is currently available. Here, we report a new behavioral apparatus that eliminates handling of flies, using instead their innate negative geotactic responses to move animals into or out of fighting chambers. In this protocol, small circular fight arenas containing a food cup are divided into two equal halves by a removable plastic slider prior to introduction of flies. Flies enter chambers from their home isolation vials via sliding chamber doors and geotaxis. Upon removal of plastic sliders, flies are free to interact. After specified time periods, flies are separated again by sliders for subsequent experimentation. All of this is done easily without handling of individual flies. This apparatus offers a novel approach to study aggression and the associated learning and memory, including the formation of &#34;loser&#34; effects in fly fights. In addition, this new general-purpose behavioral apparatus can be employed to study other social behaviors of flies and should, in general, be of interest for investigating experience-related changes in fundamental behavioral processes.

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

During fruit fly fights, the behavioral patterns observed, fight dynamics, and associated learning and memory are influenced by experimental conditions. The protocol presented here describes a novel procedure that entirely eliminates handling of flies during experiments. This improves fight dynamics and allows formation of strong &#34;loser&#34; effects.

Uma nova abordagem que elimina a manipulação de Estudos de Agressão e Efeito &quot;perdedor&quot; em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is composed of the sequential expression of stereotypical behavioral patterns (for analysis see 1). This ...

A Behavioral Assay for Mechanosensation of MARCM-based Clones in Drosophila melanogaster

Because of the structural and functional homology to the hair cells of the mammalian inner ear, the neurons that innervate the Drosophila external sense organs provide an excellent model system for the study of mechanosensation. This protocol describes a simple touch behavior in fruit flies which can be used to identify mutations that interfere with mechanosensation. The tactile stimulation of a macrochaete bristle on the thorax of flies elicits a grooming reflex from either the first or third leg. Mutations that interfere with mechanotransduction (such as NOMPC), or with other aspects of the reflex arc, can inhibit the grooming response. A traditional screen of adult behaviors would have missed mutants that have essential roles during development. Instead, this protocol combines the touch screen with mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) to allow for only limited regions of homozygous mutant cells to be generated and marked by the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). By testing MARCM clones for abnormal behavioral responses, it is possible to screen a collection of lethal p-element mutations to search for new genes involved in mechanosensation that would have been missed by more traditional methods.

A Behavioral Assay for Mechanosensation of MARCM-based Clones in Drosophila melanogaster

In order to identify novel mutations affecting mechanosensation, we designed an assay that measures the behavioral response to tactile stimulation of fly bristles in mutant clones generated by the MARCM method. The combination of techniques allows for the identification of mechanosensitive mutations that would otherwise be lethal.

Clones em um ensaio comportamental para Mechanosensation de MarcM baseada em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Because of the structural and functional homology to the hair cells of the mammalian inner ear, the neurons that innervate the Drosophila external sense ...

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We demonstrate a simple way to tap into the fly reward system, modify experiences related to natural reward, and use voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states. The approach serves as a relevant tool to study the neurons and genes that play a role in experience-mediated changes of internal state. The protocol is composed of two discrete parts: exposing the flies to rewarding and nonrewarding experiences, and assaying voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure of the motivation to obtain a drug reward. The two parts can be used independently to induce the modulation of experience as an initial step for further downstream assays or as an independent two-choice feeding assay, respectively. The protocol does not require a complicated setup and can therefore be applied in any laboratory with basic fly culture tools.

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for inducing rewarding and nonrewarding experiences in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) using voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states.

Uma maneira simples para medir alterações na Recompensa comportamento de busca Usando<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, reductionist, and scalable system for in-depth investigation of motivation using the mating drive of male Drosophila&#160;melanogaster (Drosophila), the methods for which we detail here. The behavioral paradigm centers on the finding that male mating drive decreases alongside fertility over the course of repeated copulations and recovers over ~3 d. In this system, the powerful neurogenetic tools available in the fly converge with the genetic accessibility and putative wiring diagram available for sexual behavior. This convergence allows rapid isolation and interrogation of small neuronal populations with specific motivational functions. Here we detail the design and execution of the satiety assay that is used to measure and alter courtship motivation in the male fly. Using this assay, we also demonstrate that low male mating drive can be overcome by stimulating dopaminergic neurons. The satiety assay is simple, affordable, and robust to influences of genetic background. We expect the satiety assay to generate many new insights into the neurobiology of motivational states.

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

This article describes a behavioral assay that uses male mating drive in Drosophila melanogaster to study motivation. Using this method, researchers can utilize advanced fly neurogenetic techniques to uncover the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie this motivation.

Medir e alterando Acasalamento Drive em Male<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, ...

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Many insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been elucidated through the use of simple behavioral assays in model organisms such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is useful for understanding the basic neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits resulting from mutations in genes associated with human cognitive disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism. This work describes a methodology for testing learning and memory using a classic paradigm in Drosophila known as courtship conditioning. Male flies court females using a distinct pattern of easily recognizable behaviors. Premated females are not receptive to mating and will reject the male&#39;s copulation attempts. In response to this rejection, male flies reduce their courtship behavior. This learned reduction in courtship behavior is measured over time, serving as an indicator of learning and memory. The basic numerical output of this assay is the courtship index (CI), which is defined as the percentage of time that a male spends courting during a 10 min interval. The learning index (LI) is the relative reduction of CI in flies that have been exposed to a premated female compared to na&#239;ve flies with no previous social encounters. For the statistical comparison of LIs between genotypes, a randomization test with bootstrapping is used. To illustrate how the assay can be used to address the role of a gene relating to learning and memory, the pan-neuronal knockdown of Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (Dhap-at) was characterized here. The human ortholog of Dhap-at, glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPT), is involved in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2, an autosomal-recessive syndrome characterized by severe ID. Using the courtship conditioning assay, it was determined that Dhap-at is required for long-term memory, but not for short-term memory. This result serves as a basis for further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

This protocol describes a Drosophila learning and memory assay called courtship conditioning. This classic assay is based on a reduction of male courtship behavior after sexual rejection by a non-receptive premated female. This natural form of behavioral plasticity can be used to test learning, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Drosophila Courtship Acondicionamento Como Medida de Aprendizagem e Memória

Many insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been elucidated through the use of simple behavioral assays in model ...

Um método para testar o efeito de sugestões ambientais no comportamento de acoplamento em

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