Name: establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model for investigating epithelial wound repair in a native microenvironment
Uploaded: 2015-06-05T15:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment at JoVE.com

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant to A.S.M. (EY021784).

O protocolo a seguir está em conformidade com os Animal Care Institucional e Comitê de Uso orientações Thomas Jefferson University e com a Declaração de ARVO para o Uso de Animais em Vision Research. 1. Configuração e Preparação de Lentes de Cultura Ex Vivo de Feridas <ol><li> Coloque três pratos de 100 mm de petri em um estéril, capela de fluxo laminar. Encha duas das placas de Petri até meio com tampão Tris / dextrose (tampão TD; 140 mM de NaCl, 5 mM de KCl, 0,7 mM de Na 2 PO 4, 5 mM de D-glucose, 8,25 mM de Tris base, pH a 7,4 com HCl) à TA , deixando a terceira vazio. Meios de cultura de pré-aquecer (Media suplementado com 199, 1% de L-glutamina e 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina) a 37 ° C. Nota: O padrão de cura de feridas é o meio de cultura isento de soro, como ocorre in vivo; no entanto, as culturas de reparação da ferida podem ser cultivadas com sucesso em condições de meios definidos, que incluem soro ou outros factores. </li><li> Remover fértil d embrionárioay 15 clara de ovo pintainho leghorn da incubadora (realizada em 37,7 ° C com agitação suave) </li><li> Coloque o ovo selecionado na capela de fluxo laminar e limpo fora do shell com etanol a 70% a partir de um frasco de lavagem. Realizar todos os procedimentos a seguir em condições de assepsia na câmara de fluxo laminar, usando soluções e instrumentos estéreis. </li><li> Craque conteúdo dos ovos e colocar no vazio 100 milímetros placa de Petri. Decapitar embrião usando uma pinça e tesouras padrão finas. Coloque a cabeça de embrião de pinto em uma placa de Petri contendo tampão de TD e descartar adequadamente o restante do embrião. Opcionalmente manter as cabeças de embrião de pinto em tampão de TD por um curto período de tempo, não mais do que 15 min. </li><li> Coloque a cabeça de embrião de galinha em uma tampa de placa de Petri. Utilizando uma pinça de alta precisão, remova a lente junto com seu humor vítreo do olho ligados na seguinte sequência. Comprima a parte posterior do olho com a pinça para criar uma pequena abertura na parte posterior do olho. </li><li> Em seguida, segure o humor vítreo with fórceps e puxar suavemente no vítreo com um movimento de rolamento, o vítreo com a lente vai ser ligado desalojado do olho. Lugar da lente / vítreo na placa de Petri contendo tampão restante TD. Permitir que as lentes permaneçam em tampão TD durante o período de 30 min. </li><li> Mover a lente para uma nova tampa de placa de petri sob um microscópio de dissecação. Deste ponto em diante executar todas as etapas sob um microscópio de dissecação. Com uma pinça de alta precisão cuidadosamente afastar qualquer corpo ciliar (células pigmentadas) que foram desalojados com a lente usando a ponta da pinça, tomando cuidado para não danificar o tecido da lente. Nota: A remoção do corpo ciliar assegura que os tipos de células que não são endógenos às lentes não estão incluídos na cultura da reparação da ferida. </li><li> Separa-se a lente do humor vítreo com uma pinça de alta precisão por beliscar fora do corpo vítreo de sua associação com a cápsula posterior do cristalino. </li><li> Usando alta precisão forceps transferir a lente em uma pequena gotade tampão de TD (cerca de 200 ul) num prato de cultura de tecidos 35 milímetros. </li></ol> 2. realização de cirurgia de catarata Mock <ol><li> Orientar a lente na gota de tampão de TD no prato de 35 mm com o aspecto anterior da lente voltada para cima. Nota: A anterior da lente pode ser facilmente identificados pela presença de um anel denso no tecido que regista a fronteira entre a região anterior e equatorial do epitélio da lente. Em contraste, há uma ausência de marcas sobre a parte posterior da cápsula da lente para que as células das fibras da lente estão ligados. </li><li> Usando duas pinças de alta precisão fazer uma pequena incisão (aproximadamente 850μm) no centro da cápsula anterior da lente, a espessura da membrana basal que circunda a lente de tecido, e a sua associada epitélio anterior do cristalino, por agarrar o tecido com uma pinça em cada mão e puxando suavemente em direções opostas. </li><li> Remover a massa celular da fibra, que constitui a maior parte do tecido da lente, dislodging-lo de suas ligações com o epitélio da lente e circundante cápsula do cristalino por hydro-eluição (uma abordagem usada em cirurgia de catarata clássico, modelado na Figura 1A). </li><li> Encher uma seringa de 1 mL com uma ponta de agulha de 27,5 L com 300 ul de tampão de TD. Inserir a ponta da agulha dentro da incisão feita na cápsula anterior do cristalino, e cerca de metade para a lente. </li><li> Pressione levemente a seringa injetar o tampão TD na massa celular fibra lente. Injectar entre 50 e 200 ul TD, e nunca mais de 300 ul. Observe a massa celular fibra soltando-se do epitélio e lente cápsula. </li><li> Utilizando uma pinça de alta precisão, retire a massa celular fibra soltos da lente através do local da incisão anterior. Nota: Este procedimento deixa a cápsula posterior do cristalino membrana basal ao qual as células de fibra tinha sido anexado desnudada de células, e um epitélio da lente ferido apenas adjacente a este site. </li></ol> 3. Preparing o Lens Ferido para Ex Cultura Vivo <ol><li> Nivelar o saco capsular da lente, que resulta da cirurgia da catarata descrito acima no prato de cultura, o lado das células para cima, fazendo cinco cortes na face anterior do saco capsular. </li><li> Corte perpendicular ao local da incisão original através do equador do cristalino. Achate as resultantes cinco &quot;retalhos&quot; da cápsula do cristalino com epitélio anexado no lado da cultura cápsula prato para baixo, celular voltado para cima. Note-se a lente ex vivo feridos agora deve assumir uma forma em estrela ou flowerlike (ver Figura 1B). </li><li> Para fixar a cápsula para o prato, pressione suavemente para baixo com a pinça em cada ponto da estrela. Isso fará com que um pequeno recuo para as cinco dicas mais fora do explante e resultar em anexo sustentado para o prato. Nota: É possível danificar a cápsula durante este processo e por isso é importante para assegurar que a cápsula se o prato mais próximo possível das pontas das flaPS quanto possível, bem como para tornar a menor quantidade de pontos de fixação quanto possível (em geral duas, máximo de três por retalho). </li><li> Remover o tampão de TD no prato de 35 mm e substituí-la com 1,5 ml de meio de pré-aquecido. Cobrir o prato de 35mm com a sua tampa e lugar na incubadora (37 ° C, 5% CO 2). </li></ol> 4. Separação da Zona de Migração Central (CMZ), onde Re-epitelização da área ferida do Posterior Capsule Ocorre, do anexo original Zone (OAZ) de lente células epiteliais, para análise quantitativa. Nota: As células começam a mover-se para a região de CMZ imediatamente em resposta à lesão. Por um dia em cultura células suficientes estão migrando através do CMZ para análise molecular e bioquímica, após a separação da CMZ eo OAZ por micro-dissecção 23. Este protocolo envolve a remoção de uma aba (OAZ) de cada vez a partir da área ferida da cápsula. <ol><li> Observar uma demarcatião, claramente visíveis ao microscópio de dissecação, e entre o OAZ CMZ (ver Figura 2A). Usando duas pinças de alta precisão, agarrar com as duas pinças na extremidade da linha OAZ / CMZ, apenas um lado para o outro, em ambos os lados da linha (ver figura 2A, B, seta). </li><li> Usando uma mão / um fórceps no lado da CMZ continuar a sustentar a cultura feridos, enquanto com a outra mão / pinça, puxe o OAZ ao longo da linha OAZ / CMZ. O CMZ facilmente se separa do OAZ ao longo desta linha. Continue ao longo desta linha em torno de toda a cultura até que as duas regiões são completamente separados. </li><li> Estude as fracções separadas OAZ e CMZ para a análise molecular, tais como 24 ou bioquímica análise de RNA-Seq como western blot ou co-imunoprecipitação 23,25. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Here is described a technique for preparing a culture model of wound repair that involves performing an ex vivo cataract surgery on chick embryo lenses after their removal from the eye. The lens epithelium responds to this clinically relevant wounding with a repair process that closely mimics that which occurs in vivo, and shares features with wound repair in other epithelial tissues2,4. While the protocol is straightforward and simple to follow, performing mock cataract surgery with embryoni...

A, a cirurgia de catarata simulada clinicamente relevante, ex vivo epitelial modelo cicatrização de feridas aqui descrito foi desenvolvido para fornecer uma ferramenta para investigar os mecanismos que regulam a reparação de tecidos epiteliais, em resposta a uma lesão. Os principais recursos que foram destinados para na criação deste modelo incluiu uma condições) que prevêem que de perto replicados a resposta in vivo para ferindo em uma configuração de cultura, 2) facilidade de modular os elementos reguladores de reparação, e 3) capacidade de imagem do processo de reparação, na sua totalidade, em tempo real. O desafio, portanto, era criar um modelo de cultura em que foi possível estudar e manipular, reparação epitelial no microambiente nativo das células. A disponibilidade deste modelo ferida-reparação abre novas possibilidades para identificar os sinais de sinalização endógenas de matriz proteínas, citocinas e quimiocinas, que regulam o processo de reparação. Além disso, o modelo é ideal para examinar como umn epitélio é capaz de mover-se como uma folha colectivo para re-epithelialize área da ferida 2,3, e para determinar a linhagem de células mesenquimais líder no bordo da ferida que funcionará em colectivo dirigir a migração do epitélio ferido 4. Este modelo também fornece uma plataforma com a qual identificar terapêuticas que possam promover a cicatrização de feridas eficaz e evitar que a reparação de feridas aberrante 5. Há já uma série de modelos ferida de reparação disponíveis, tanto em cultura e in vivo, que forneceram a maioria do que se sabe sobre o processo de reparação ferida hoje. Em modelos animais de lesão, tais como a córnea 6-12 e 13-17 da pele, há a oportunidade para estudar a resposta do tecido do ferimento no contexto de todos os mediadores de reparo que podem estar envolvidos no processo, incluindo contribuições do vasculatura e no sistema nervoso. No entanto, existem limitações para manipular a expericondições mentais in vivo, e ainda não é possível realizar estudos de imagem da resposta de reparação in vivo, de forma contínua ao longo do tempo. Em contraste, a maioria dos modelos de cultura in vitro de reparação de feridas, tais como a ferida zero, pode ser facilmente manipulada e seguido ao longo do tempo, mas falta o contexto ambiental de estudar a cicatrização de feridas no tecido in vivo. Enquanto ex vivo em modelos oferecem a vantagem de estudar o processo de reparação da lesão de forma contínua ao longo do tempo no contexto da microambiente das células juntamente com a capacidade para modular os reguladores moleculares de reparação em qualquer ponto de tempo no processo, existem poucos modelos que se encaixam estes parâmetros. Aqui é descrito um procedimento para gerar altamente reprodutível ex vivo epitelial culturas que reproduzem a resposta de um tecido epitelial a um ferimento fisiológico cura. Usando a lente de embrião de galinha como uma fonte de tecido, um ex vivo mock cirurgia de catarata é realizada. A lente é um tecido ideal para usar para esses estudos, uma vez que é auto-suficiente dentro de uma cápsula de membrana basal espessa, avascular, não inervados, e livre de qualquer estroma associada 18,19. Na doença humana, a cirurgia da catarata aborda a perda de visão devido a opacificação da lente, e envolve a remoção da massa celular da fibra da lente, o qual compreende a maior parte da lente. Seguindo a visão cirurgia de catarata é restaurada através da inserção de uma lente intra-ocular artificial. O procedimento de cirurgia de catarata, através da remoção das células da fibra, induz uma resposta a uma lesão no epitélio do cristalino adjacente, que responde por re-epitelialização da área posterior da cápsula da lente que tinha sido ocupada pelas células de fibra. Na cirurgia de cataratas, como na maioria das respostas de reparação de ferida, há por vezes ocorre um resultado de fibrose aberrante para a resposta de cicatrização das feridas, associado com o aparecimento dos miofibroblastos, em que a lente é conhecido como posterior Capsule Opacificação 20-22. Para gerar o modelo de cicatrização de feridas cirurgia de catarata, um procedimento de cirurgia de catarata é imitado em lentes removidas do olho de embrião de pinto para produzir uma lesão fisiológica. Remoção microcirúrgico da fibra lente células resulta em uma área de ferida circular muito consistente rodeado pelas células epiteliais da lente. Esta população de células permanece firmemente ligado à cápsula membrana basal da lente e é ferido pelo procedimento cirúrgico. As células epiteliais migrar para a área desnudo da membrana basal endógena para curar a ferida, liderada por uma população de células mesenquimais rico em vimentina conhecidas no processo de reparação como células líder um. Com este modelo, a resposta de um epitélio de lesão pode ser visualizada facilmente seguido e com o tempo no contexto do microambiente das células. As células são facilmente acessíveis a alteração da expressão ou activação de moléculas que se espera que desempenham um papel na reparação de feridas. Um poderoso recurso do thé o modelo é a capacidade de isolar e estudar alterações específicas do migração no âmbito da cicatrização de feridas. A capacidade para preparar um grande número de envelhecidos ex vivo de cura de feridas culturas combinadas para estudos é outra vantagem deste modelo. Assim, este sistema modelo proporciona uma oportunidade única de provocar uma separação mecanismos de reparo de feridas e terapêutica de teste para o seu efeito sobre o processo de cicatrização de feridas. O modelo de cirurgia de catarata ex vivo simulada deverá ter ampla aplicabilidade, fornecendo um recurso crítico para o estudo de mecanismos de reparação do prejuízo.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S271-3</td><td>Use at 140 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P217-500</td><td>Use at 5 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Phosphate (Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S0876</td><td>Use at 0.7 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>D-glucose (Dextrose)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>D16-500</td><td>Use at 0.5 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Tris Base</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP152-1</td><td>Use at 8.25 mM in TD Buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A144-500</td><td>Use to pH TD buffer to 7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Media 199</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>11150-059</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Corning/CellGro</td><td>25-005-CI</td><td>Use at 1% in Media199</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Corning/CellGro</td><td>30-002-CI</td><td>Use at 1% in Media199</td></tr><tr><td>100 mm petri dishes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>FB0875711Z</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stericup Filter Unit</td><td>Millipore</td><td>SCGPU01RE</td><td>Use to filter sterilize Media</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 forceps (need 2)</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11251-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35 mm Cell Culture Dish</td><td>Corning</td><td>430165</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27 G 1 ml SlipTip with precision glide needle</td><td>BD</td><td>309623</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14058-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Standard Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>91100-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other Items Needed: General dissection instruments,&amp;nbsp; fertile white leghorn chicken eggs, check egg incubator (humidified, 37.7&amp;deg;C), laminar flow hood, binocular stereovision dissecting microscope</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model for investigating epithelial wound repair in a native microenvironment

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to follow and manipulate the wound response ex vivo in an environment that closely mimics that of epithelial tissue injury in vivo. This issue was addressed by creating a clinically relevant epithelial ex vivo injury-repair model based on cataract surgery. In this culture model, the response of the lens epithelium to wounding can be followed live in the cells&#8217; native microenvironment, and the molecular mediators of wound repair easily manipulated during the repair process. To prepare the cultures, lenses are removed from the eye and a small incision is made in the anterior of the lens from which the inner mass of lens fiber cells is removed. This procedure creates a circular wound on the posterior lens capsule, the thick basement membrane that surrounds the lens. This wound area where the fiber cells were attached is located just adjacent to a continuous monolayer of lens epithelial cells that remains linked to the lens capsule during the surgical procedure. The wounded epithelium, the cell type from which fiber cells are derived during development, responds to the injury of fiber cell removal by moving collectively across the wound area, led by a population of vimentin-rich repair cells whose mesenchymal progenitors are endogenous to the lens1. These properties are typical of a normal epithelial wound healing response. In this model, as in vivo, wound repair is dependent on signals supplied by the endogenous environment that is uniquely maintained in this ex vivo culture system, providing an ideal opportunity for discovery of the mechanisms that regulate repair of an epithelium following wounding.

Ex Vivo Modelo criado para estudar o processo de cicatrização da ferida no microambiente das células nativas Para investigar os mecanismos envolvidos na regulação da cicatrização da ferida de um epitélio em microambiente das células nativas, um modelo de cirurgia de catarata clinicamente relevante ex vivo simulada foi criado. Este modelo é criada a partir de tecido da lente que oferece muitas vantagens, devido às suas propriedades intrínsecas: 1) A lente é um ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment.

Estabelecimento de um clinicamente relevantes<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Mock Cataract Surgery Modelo para investigar Epithelial Wound Repair em um microambiente Native

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to ...

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Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

6.5K visualizações.  Thomas Jefferson University. Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment. 

Vídeo: Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition

Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) play a crucial role in maintaining corneal clarity through active pumping. A reduced CEC count may lead to corneal edema and diminished visual acuity. However, human CECs are prone to compromised proliferative potential. Furthermore, stimulation of cell growth is often complicated by gradual endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). Therefore, understanding the mechanism of EnMT is necessary for facilitating the regeneration of CECs with competent function. In this study, we prepared a primary culture of bovine CECs by peeling the CECs with Descemet's membrane from the corneal button and demonstrated that bovine CECs exhibited the EnMT process, including phenotypic change, nuclear translocation of &#946;-catenin, and EMT regulators snail and slug, in the in vitro culture. Furthermore, we used a rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury model to demonstrate the EnMT process in vivo. Collectively, the in vitro primary culture of bovine CECs and in vivo rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury models offers useful platforms for investigating the mechanism of EnMT.

In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition

A primary culture of bovine corneal endothelial cells was used to investigate the mechanism of corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, a rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury model was used to demonstrate corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo.

In vitro e in vivo em modelos para o Estudo de Transição da córnea endotelial-mesenquimal

Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) play a crucial role in maintaining corneal clarity through active pumping. A reduced CEC count may lead to corneal edema ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as Aniridia or Steven Johnson Syndrome as well as by external factors such as chemical burns or radiation. Current treatments are (i) the use of corneal grafts and (ii) the use of stem cell expanded in the laboratory and delivered on carriers (e.g., amniotic membrane); these treatments are relatively successful but unfortunately they can fail after 3-5 years. There is a need to design and manufacture new corneal biomaterial devices able to mimic in detail the physiological environment where stem cells reside in the cornea. Limbal stem cells are located in the limbus (circular area between cornea and sclera) in specific niches known as the Palisades of Vogt. In this work we have developed a new platform technology which combines two cutting-edge manufacturing techniques (microstereolithography and electrospinning) for the fabrication of corneal membranes that mimic to a certain extent the limbus. Our membranes contain artificial micropockets which aim to provide cells with protection as the Palisades of Vogt do in the eye.

We report a technique for the fabrication of micropockets within electrospun membranes in which to study cell behavior. Specifically, we describe a combination of microstereolithography and electrospinning for the production of PLGA (Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)) corneal biomaterial devices equipped with microfeatures.

Combinação de Microstereolithography e Electrospinning Produzir Membranas Equipado com nichos para a Regeneração da córnea

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as ...

Bioengenharia

Live-Cell Imaging of Intact Ex Vivo Globes Using a Novel 3D Printed Holder

Corneal epithelial wound healing is a migratory process initiated by the activation of purinergic receptors expressed on epithelial cells. This activation results in calcium mobilization events that propagate from cell to cell, which are essential for initiating cellular motility into the wound bed, promoting efficient wound healing. The Trinkaus-Randall lab has developed a methodology for imaging the corneal wound healing response in ex vivo murine globes in real time. This approach involves enucleating an intact globe from a mouse that has been euthanized per established protocols and immediately incubating the globe with a calcium indicator dye. A counterstain that stains other features of the cell can be applied at this stage to assist with imaging and show cellular landmarks. The protocol worked well with several different live cell dyes used for counterstaining, including SiR actin to stain actin and deep red plasma membrane stain to stain the cell membrane. To examine the response to a wound, the corneal epithelium is injured using a 25 G needle, and the globes are placed in a 3D printed holder. The dimensions of the 3D printed holder are calibrated to ensure immobilization of the globe throughout the duration of the experiment and can be modified to accommodate eyes of different sizes. Live cell imaging of the wound response is performed continuously at various depths throughout the tissue over time using confocal microscopy. This protocol allows us to generate high-resolution, publication-quality images using a 20x air objective on a confocal microscope. Other objectives can also be used for this protocol. It represents a significant improvement in the quality of live cell imaging in ex vivo murine globes and permits the identification of nerves and epithelium.

Live-Cell Imaging of Intact Ex Vivo Globes Using a Novel 3D Printed Holder

The present work describes a novel experimental protocol that utilizes a 3D printed holder to enable high-resolution live cell imaging of enucleated globes. Through this protocol, the cellular calcium signaling activity in wounded corneal epithelium from ex vivo globes can be observed in real time.

Imagem de células vivas de globos ex vivo intactos usando um novo suporte impresso em 3D

Corneal epithelial wound healing is a migratory process initiated by the activation of purinergic receptors expressed on epithelial cells. This activation ...

Bioquímica

Investigating Scarless Tissue Regeneration in Embryonic Wounded Chick Corneas

Chick embryonic corneal wounds display a remarkable capacity to fully and rapidly regenerate, whereas adult wounded corneas experience a loss of transparency due to fibrotic scarring. The tissue integrity of injured embryonic corneas is intrinsically restored with no detectable scar formation. Given its accessibility and ease of manipulation, the chick embryo is an ideal model for studying scarless corneal wound repair. This protocol demonstrates the different steps involved in wounding the cornea of an embryonic chick in ovo. First, eggs are windowed at early embryonic ages to access the eye. Second, a series of in ovo physical manipulations to the extraembryonic membranes are conducted to ensure access to the eye is maintained through later stages of development, corresponding to when the three cellular layers of the cornea are formed. Third, linear cornea wounds that penetrate the outer epithelial layer and the anterior stroma are made using a microsurgical knife. The regeneration process or fully restored corneas can be analyzed for regenerative potential using various cellular and molecular techniques following the wounding procedure. Studies to date using this model have revealed that wounded embryonic corneas display activation of keratocyte differentiation, undergo coordinated remodeling of ECM proteins to their native three-dimensional macrostructure, and become adequately re-innervated by corneal sensory nerves. In the future, the potential impact of endogenous or exogenous factors on the regenerative process could be analyzed in healing corneas by using developmental biology techniques, such as tissue grafting, electroporation, retroviral infection, or bead implantation. The current strategy identifies the embryonic chick as a crucial experimental paradigm for elucidating the molecular and cellular factors coordinating scarless corneal wound healing.

The present protocol demonstrates the different steps involved in wounding the cornea of an embryonic chick in ovo. The regenerating or fully restored corneas can be analyzed for regenerative potential using various cellular and molecular techniques following the wounding procedure.&#160;

Investigando regeneração de tecido sem cicatrizes em córneas de filhotes feridos embrionários

Chick embryonic corneal wounds display a remarkable capacity to fully and rapidly regenerate, whereas adult wounded corneas experience a loss of ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to injury. In fact, the most common type of eye injury found in clinic is a corneal abrasion. Here, we utilize an ocular burr to induce an abrasion resulting in removal of the corneal epithelium in vivo on anesthetized mice. This method allows for targeted and reproducible epithelial disruption, leaving other areas intact. In addition, we describe the visualization of the abraded epithelium with fluorescein staining and provide concrete advice on how to visualize the abraded cornea. Then, we follow the timeline of wound healing 0, 18, and 72 h after abrasion, until the wound is re-epithelialized. The epithelial abrasion model of corneal injury is ideal for studies on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and re-epithelialization of the corneal layers. However, this method is not optimal to study stromal activation during wound healing, because the ocular burr does not penetrate to the stromal cell layers. This method is also suitable for clinical applications, for example, pre-clinical test of drug effectiveness.

This protocol describes a method to inflict an abrasion to the ocular surface of the mouse, and to follow the wound healing process thereafter. The protocol takes advantage of an ocular burr to partially remove the surface epithelium of the eye in anaesthetized mice.

Cicatrização de feridas abrasão epitelial da córnea com Burr Ocular como um modelo para córnea

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

Medicina

Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) culture has generated a wealth of information not only about corneal biology but also about wound healing, myofibroblast biology, and scarring in general. The goal of the protocol is an assay system for quantifying myofibroblast development, which characterizes scarring. We demonstrate a corneal organ culture ex vivo model using pig eyes. In this anterior keratectomy wound, corneas still in the globe are wounded with a circular blade called a trephine. A plug of approximately 1/3 of the anterior cornea is removed including the epithelium, the basement membrane, and the anterior part of the stroma. After wounding, corneas are cut from the globe, mounted on a collagen/agar base, and cultured for two weeks in supplemented-serum free medium with stabilized vitamin C to augment cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion by resident fibroblasts. Activation of myofibroblasts in the anterior stroma is evident in the healed cornea. This model can be used to assay wound closure, the development of myofibroblasts and fibrotic markers, and for toxicology studies. In addition, the effects of small molecule inhibitors as well as lipid-mediated siRNA transfection for gene knockdown can be tested in this system.

A protocol for an ex vivo corneal organ culture model useful for wound healing studies is described. This model system can be used to assess the effects of agents to promote regenerative healing or drug toxicity in an organized 3D multicellular environment.

Ex Vivo modelo de cultura órgão da córnea para cicatrização de feridas estudos

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two ...

An Epithelial Abrasion Model for Studying Corneal Wound Healing

The cornea is critical for vision, accounting for about two-thirds of the refractive power of the eye. Crucial to the role of the cornea in vision is its transparency. However, due to its external position, the cornea is highly susceptible to a wide variety of injuries that can lead to the loss of corneal transparency and eventual blindness. Efficient corneal wound healing in response to these injuries is pivotal for maintaining corneal homeostasis and preservation of corneal transparency and refractive capabilities. In events of compromised corneal wound healing, the cornea becomes vulnerable to infections, ulcerations, and scarring. Given the fundamental importance of corneal wound healing to the preservation of corneal transparency and vision, a better understanding of the normal corneal wound healing process is a prerequisite to understanding impaired corneal wound healing associated with infection and disease. Toward this goal, murine models of corneal wounding have proven useful in furthering our understanding of the corneal wound healing mechanisms operating under normal physiological conditions. Here, a protocol for creating a central corneal epithelial abrasion in mouse using a trephine and a blunt golf club spud is described. In this model, a 2 mm diameter circular trephine, centered over the cornea, is used to demarcate the wound area. The golf club spud is used with care to debride the epithelium and create a circular wound without damaging the corneal epithelial basement membrane. The resulting inflammatory response proceeds as a well-characterized cascade of cellular and molecular events that are critical for efficient wound healing. This simple corneal wound healing model is highly reproducible and well-published and is now being used to evaluate compromised corneal wound healing in the context of disease.

Here, a protocol for creating a central corneal epithelial abrasion wound in the mouse using a trephine and a blunt golf club spud is described. This corneal wound healing model is highly reproducible and is now being used to evaluate compromised corneal wound healing in the context of diseases.

Um modelo de abrasão epitelial para estudar a cicatrização da ferida córnea

The cornea is critical for vision, accounting for about two-thirds of the refractive power of the eye. Crucial to the role of the cornea in vision is its ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, and result in a large, persistent corneal epithelial defect. Epithelial defect with the following corneal opacity and peripheral neovascularization result in irreversible visual impairment and hinder future management, especially keratoplasty. Since the animal model can be used as an effective drug development platform, models of corneal injury to the mouse and alkali burn to rabbit corneal epithelium are developed here. New Zealand white rabbit is used in the alkali burn model. Different concentrations of sodium hydroxide can be applied onto the central circular area of the cornea for 30 s under intramuscular and topical anesthesia. After copious isotonic normal saline irrigation, residual loose corneal epithelium was removed with corneal burr deep down to the Bowman's layer within this circular area. Wound healing was documented by fluorescein staining under Cobalt blue light. C57BL/6 mice were used in the traumatic model of murine corneal epithelium. The murine central cornea was marked using a skin punch, 2 mm in diameter, and then debrided by a corneal rust ring remover with a 0.5 mm burr under a stereomicroscope. These models can be prospectively used to validate the therapeutic effect of eye drops or mixed agents such as stem cells, which potentially facilitate corneal epithelial regeneration. By observing corneal opacity, peripheral neovascularization, and conjunctival congestion with stereomicroscope and imaging software, therapeutic effects in these animal models can be monitored.

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Here, animal models based on mouse and rabbit are developed for mechanical and chemical injury of corneal epithelium to screen new therapeutics and the underlying mechanism.

Modelos Animais Ex Vivo e In Vivo para Lesões Mecânicas e Químicas do Epitélio da Córnea

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium

Human blood-derived topical therapies have been a boon to clinicians in recent decades. Autologous serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are enriched in epitheliotropic growth factors that are essential in corneal wound healing. Unlike AS, PRP is based on a differential centrifugation system, yielding more platelet-derived growth factors. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) not only preserves the preparation of AS and PRP, but also focuses on immune-modulating properties, which are important in inflammatory diseases.
The lack of standardized protocols and high preparation costs are limitations for the clinical application of ACS. This video experiment demonstrates a standard operating procedure for preparing modified autologous conditioned serum (mACS) eye drops. First, glycerol was added into heparin syringes as the blood cell stabilizer during hypoxic incubation. To activate the blood cells, a 4 h incubation at 37 &#176;C was initiated. Then, the blood samples were centrifuged at 3,500 &#215; g for 10 min at room temperature. After filtration of the supernatant through a 0.22 &#181;m filter, the mACS eye drops were fully prepared.
A tentative try-out of the therapeutic effect of mACS showed that it may have competitive advantages over conventional AS in the corneal wound healing in ex vivo mouse eyes. The AS used in this study was prepared according to published studies and the clinical practice in our hospital. Therefore, the efficacy of mACS on ocular surface diseases could be evaluated in future research through in vivo animal studies and clinical trials.

Production of Modified Autologous Conditioned Serum and Ex Vivo Assessment of Its Healing Potential in Murine Corneal Epithelium

This article describes a protocol to simplify the process and render the preparation of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) less expensive. No special syringes or surface-coated glass beads are needed. Moreover, the modified ACS (mACS) has competitive advantages over conventional autologous serum in the corneal wound healing of murine eyes ex vivo.

Produção de Soro Autólogo Condicionado Modificado e Avaliação Ex Vivo de seu Potencial de Cicatrização em Epitélio Corneano Murino

Human blood-derived topical therapies have been a boon to clinicians in recent decades. Autologous serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are enriched ...

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

All animal organs, from the skin to eyes to intestines, are covered with sheets of epithelial cells that allow them to maintain homeostasis while protecting them from infection. Therefore, it is not surprising that the ability to repair epithelial wounds is critical to all metazoans. Epithelial wound healing in vertebrates involves overlapping processes, including inflammatory responses, vascularization, and re-epithelialization. Regulation of these processes involves complex interactions between epithelial cells, neighboring cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM); the ECM contains structural proteins, regulatory proteins, and active small molecules. This complexity, together with the fact that most animals have opaque tissues and inaccessible ECMs, makes wound healing difficult to study in live animals. Much work on epithelial wound healing is therefore performed in tissue culture systems, with a single epithelial cell-type plated as a monolayer on an artificial matrix. Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) provides a unique and exciting complement to these studies, allowing epithelial wound healing to be studied in an intact animal with an authentic ECM. The ectodermal epithelium of Clytia is a single layer of large squamous epithelial cells, allowing high-resolution imaging using differential interfering contrast (DIC) microscopy in living animals. The absence of migratory fibroblasts, vasculature, or inflammatory responses makes it possible to dissect the critical events in re-epithelialization in vivo. The healing of various types of wounds can be analyzed, including single-cell microwounds, small and large epithelial wounds, and wounds that damage the basement membrane. Lamellipodia formation, purse string contraction, cell stretching, and collective cell migration can all be observed in this system. Furthermore, pharmacological agents can be introduced via the ECM to modify cell:ECM interactions and cellular processes in vivo. This work shows methods for creating wounds in live Clytia, capturing movies of healing, and probing healing mechanisms by microinjecting reagents into the ECM.

Characterizing Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Using the Cnidarian Model Organism Clytia hemisphaerica

This paper describes a method to create wounds in the epithelium of a live Clytia hemisphaerica medusa and image wound healing at a high resolution in vivo. Additionally, a technique to introduce dyes and drugs to perturb signaling processes in the epithelial cells and extracellular matrix during wound healing is presented.

Estabelecimento de um clinicamente relevantes

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