MLW developed part of this protocol during his postdoctoral studies with Dr. Robert Keenan at the University of Chicago.
This work is funded by NIH grant 1R35GM137904-01 to MLW.

Proper mitochondrial function depends upon a robust protein quality control system. Due to inherent limits in the fidelity of the TA protein targeting pathways, mislocalized TA proteins are a constant source of stress for mitochondria. A key component of the mitochondrial proteostasis network is Msp1, which is a membrane anchored AAA+ ATPase that removes mislocalized TA proteins from the OMM. Here, we have described how to prepare proteoliposomes, co-reconstitute Msp1 and a model TA protein, and perform an extraction ass...

Proper cellular function depends upon a process called proteostasis, which ensures that functional proteins are at the correct concentration and cellular location1. Failures in proteostasis lead to compromised organelle function and are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases2,3,4. Membrane proteins present unique challenges to the proteostasis network as they must be targeted to the correct membrane while avoiding aggregation from the hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMDs)5. Consequently, specialized machinery has evolved to shield the hydrophobic TMD from the cytosol and facilitate targeting and insertion into the proper cellular membrane6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15.
Mitochondria are the metabolic hub of the cell and are involved in numerous essential cellular processes such as: oxidative phosphorylation, iron-sulfur cluster generation, and apoptotic regulation16,17. These endosymbiotic organelles contain two membranes, referred to as the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Over 99% of the 1,500 human mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome and need to be translocated across one or two different membranes18,19. Proper mitochondrial function thus depends on a robust proteostasis network to correct any errors in protein targeting or translocation.
Our lab focuses on a subset of mitochondrial membrane proteins called tail-anchored (TA) proteins, which have a single transmembrane domain at the very C-terminus20,21,22,23,24. TA proteins are involved in a number of essential processes, such as apoptosis, vesicle transport, and protein translocation25. The unique topology of TA proteins requires post-translational insertion, which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the Guided Entry of Tail-anchored (GET) or Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane protein Complex (EMC) pathways or into the OMM by a poorly characterized pathway20,26,27,28. The biophysical properties of the TMD are necessary and sufficient to guide TA proteins to the correct membrane29. The recognition of biophysical characteristics rather than a defined sequence motif limits the fidelity of the targeting pathways5. Thus, mislocalization of TA proteins is a common stress for the proteostasis networks. Cellular stress, such as inhibition of the GET pathway, causes an increase in protein mislocalization to the OMM and mitochondrial dysfunction unless these proteins are promptly removed30,31.
A common theme in membrane proteostasis is the use of AAA+ (ATPase Associated with cellular Activities) proteins to remove old, damaged, or mislocalized proteins from the lipid bilayer1,32,33,34,35,36,37,38. AAA+ proteins are molecular motors that form hexameric rings and undergo ATP dependent movements to remodel a substrate, often by translocation through a narrow axial pore39,40. Although great effort has been devoted to studying the extraction of membrane proteins by AAA+ ATPases, the reconstitutions are complex or involve a mixture of lipids and detergent41,42, which limits the experimental power to examine the mechanism of substrate extraction from the lipid bilayer.
Msp1 is a highly conserved AAA+ ATPase anchored in the OMM and peroxisomes that plays a critical role in membrane proteostasis by removing mislocalized TA proteins43,44,45,46,47. Msp1 was also recently shown to alleviate mitochondrial protein import stress by removing membrane proteins that stall during translocation across the OMM48. Loss of Msp1 or the human homolog ATAD1 results in mitochondrial fragmentation, failures in oxidative phosphorylation, seizures, increased injury following stroke, and early death31,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56.
We have shown that it is possible to co-reconstitute TA proteins with Msp1 and detect the extraction from the lipid bilayer57. This simplified system uses fully purified proteins reconstituted into defined liposomes which mimic the OMM (Figure 1)58,59. This level of experimental control can address detailed mechanistic questions of substrate extraction that are experimentally intractable with more complex reconstitutions involving other AAA+ proteins. Here, we provide experimental protocols detailing our methods for liposome preparation, membrane protein reconstitution, and the extraction assay. It is our hope that these experimental details will facilitate further study of the essential but poorly understood process of membrane proteostasis.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Biobeads</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1523920</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine liver phosphatidyl inositol</td><td>Avanti</td><td>840042C</td><td>PI</td></tr><tr><td>Chicken egg phosphatidyl choline</td><td>Avanti</td><td>840051C</td><td>PC</td></tr><tr><td>Chicken egg phosphatidyl ethanolamine</td><td>Avanti</td><td>840021C</td><td>PE</td></tr><tr><td>ECL Select western blotting detection reagent</td><td>GE</td><td>RPN2235</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter supports</td><td>Avanti</td><td>610014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass vial</td><td>VWR</td><td>60910L-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutathione spin column</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>PI16103</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-rabbit</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>NC1050917</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mini-Extruder</td><td>Avanti</td><td>610020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polycarbonate membrane</td><td>Avanti</td><td>610006</td><td>200 nM</td></tr><tr><td>PVDF membrane</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>88518</td><td>45 &amp;micro;M</td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-FLAG</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F7245</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine</td><td>Avanti</td><td>840035C</td><td>DOPS</td></tr><tr><td>Synthetic 1&#039;,3&#039;-bis[1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol</td><td>Avanti</td><td>710335C</td><td>TOCL</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 mL</td><td>Norm-Ject</td><td>53548-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 mL, gas-tight</td><td>Avanti</td><td>610017</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

reconstitution of msp1 extraction activity with fully purified components

As the center for oxidative phosphorylation and apoptotic regulation, mitochondria play a vital role in human health. Proper mitochondrial function depends on a robust quality control system to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Declines in mitochondrial proteostasis have been linked to cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and many other diseases. Msp1 is a AAA+ ATPase anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane that maintains proteostasis by removing mislocalized tail-anchored proteins. Using purified components reconstituted into proteoliposomes, we have shown that Msp1 is necessary and sufficient to extract a model tail-anchored protein from a lipid bilayer. Our simplified reconstituted system overcomes several of the technical barriers that have hindered detailed study of membrane protein extraction. Here, we provide detailed methods for the generation of liposomes, membrane protein reconstitution, and the Msp1 extraction assay.

To properly interpret the results, the stain free gel and the western blot must be viewed together. The stain free gel ensures equal loading across all samples. When viewing the stain free gel, the chaperones (GST-calmodulin and GST-SGTA) will be visible in the INPUT (I) and ELUTE (E) lanes. Double check that the intensity of these bands is uniform across all of the INPUT samples. Likewise, ensure that the intensity is uniform across the ELUTE samples. The ELUTE is 5x more concentrated than the INPUT and this difference ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reconstitution of Msp1 Extraction Activity with Fully Purified Components at JoVE.com

Reconstitution of Msp1 Extraction Activity with Fully Purified Components

Here, we present a detailed protocol for reconstitution of Msp1 extraction activity with fully purified components in defined proteoliposomes.

As the center for oxidative phosphorylation and apoptotic regulation, mitochondria play a vital role in human health. Proper mitochondrial function ...

reconstitution-msp1-extraction-activity-with-fully-purified

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

2.3K Views.  University of Toledo. Here, we present a detailed protocol for reconstitution of Msp1 extraction activity with fully purified components in defined proteoliposomes.

Video: Reconstitution of Msp1 Extraction Activity with Fully Purified Components

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Monotopic proteins exert their function when attached to a membrane surface, and such interactions depend on the specific lipid composition and on the availability of enough area to perform the function. Nanodiscs are used to provide a membrane surface of controlled size and lipid content. In the absence of bound extrinsic proteins, sodium phosphotungstate-stained nanodiscs appear as stacks of coins when viewed from the side by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This protocol is therefore designed to intentionally promote stacking; consequently, the prevention of stacking can be interpreted as the binding of the membrane-binding protein to the nanodisc. In a further step, the TEM images of the protein-nanodisc complexes can be processed with standard single-particle methods to yield low-resolution structures as a basis for higher resolution cryoEM work. Furthermore, the nanodiscs provide samples suitable for either TEM or non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. To illustrate the method, Ca2+-induced binding of 5-lipoxygenase on nanodiscs is presented.

Many proteins perform their function when attached to membrane surfaces. The binding of extrinsic proteins on nanodisc membranes can be indirectly imaged by transmission electron microscopy. We show that the characteristic stacking (rouleau) of nanodiscs induced by the negative stain sodium phosphotungstate is prevented by the binding of extrinsic protein.

Monotopic proteins exert their function when attached to a membrane surface, and such interactions depend on the specific lipid composition and on the ...

2 in 1: One-step Affinity Purification for the Parallel Analysis of Protein-Protein and Protein-Metabolite Complexes

Cellular processes are regulated by interactions between biological molecules such as proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids. While the investigation of protein-protein interactions (PPI) is no novelty, experimental approaches aiming to characterize endogenous protein-metabolite interactions (PMI) constitute a rather recent development. Herein, we present a protocol that allows simultaneous characterization of the PPI and PMI of a protein of choice, referred to as bait. Our protocol was optimized for Arabidopsis cell cultures and combines affinity purification (AP) with mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein and metabolite detection. In short, transgenic Arabidopsis lines, expressing bait protein fused to an affinity tag, are first lysed to obtain a native cellular extract. Anti-tag antibodies are used to pull down protein and metabolite partners of the bait protein. The affinity-purified complexes are extracted using a one-step methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/methanol/water method. Whilst metabolites separate into either the polar or the hydrophobic phase, proteins can be found in the pellet. Both metabolites and proteins are then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS or UPLC-MS/MS). Empty-vector (EV) control lines are used to exclude false positives. The major advantage of our protocol is that it enables identification of protein and metabolite partners of a target protein in parallel in near-physiological conditions (cellular lysate). The presented method is straightforward, fast, and can be easily adapted to biological systems other than plant cell cultures.

Protein-protein and protein-metabolite interactions are crucial for all cellular functions. Herein, we describe a protocol that allows parallel analysis of these interactions with a protein of choice. Our protocol was optimized for plant cell cultures and combines affinity purification with mass spectrometry-based protein and metabolite detection.

Cellular processes are regulated by interactions between biological molecules such as proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids. While the investigation of ...

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Many aspects of the fundamental spatiotemporal organization of cells are governed by reaction-diffusion type systems. In vitro reconstitution of such systems allows for detailed studies of their underlying mechanisms which would not be feasible in vivo. Here, we provide a protocol for the in vitro reconstitution of the MinCDE system of Escherichia coli, which positions the cell division septum in the cell middle. The assay is designed to supply only the components necessary for self-organization, namely a membrane, the two proteins MinD and MinE and energy in the form of ATP. We therefore fabricate an open reaction chamber on a coverslip, on which a supported lipid bilayer is formed. The open design of the chamber allows for optimal preparation of the lipid bilayer and controlled manipulation of the bulk content. The two proteins, MinD and MinE, as well as ATP, are then added into the bulk volume above the membrane. Imaging is possible by many optical microscopies, as the design supports confocal, wide-field and TIRF microscopy alike. In a variation of the protocol, the lipid bilayer is formed on a patterned support, on cell-shaped PDMS microstructures, instead of glass. Lowering the bulk solution to the rim of these compartments encloses the reaction in a smaller compartment and provides boundaries that allow mimicking of in vivo oscillatory behavior. Taken together, we describe protocols to reconstitute the MinCDE system both with and without spatial confinement, allowing researchers to precisely control all aspects influencing pattern formation, such as concentration ranges and addition of other factors or proteins, and to systematically increase system complexity in a relatively simple experimental setup.

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

We provide a protocol for in vitro self-organization assays of MinD and MinE on a supported lipid bilayer in an open chamber. Additionally, we describe how to enclose the assay in lipid-clad PDMS microcompartments to mimic in vivo conditions by reaction confinement.

Many aspects of the fundamental spatiotemporal organization of cells are governed by reaction-diffusion type systems. In vitro reconstitution of such ...

Membrane-SPINE: A Biochemical Tool to Identify Protein-protein Interactions of Membrane Proteins In Vivo

Membrane proteins are essential for cell viability and are therefore important therapeutic targets1-3. Since they function in complexes4, methods to identify and characterize their interactions are necessary5. To this end, we developed the Membrane Strep-protein interaction experiment, called Membrane-SPINE6. This technique combines in vivo cross-linking using the reversible cross-linker formaldehyde with affinity purification of a Strep-tagged membrane bait protein. During the procedure, cross-linked prey proteins are co-purified with the membrane bait protein and subsequently separated by boiling. Hence, two major tasks can be executed when analyzing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of membrane proteins using Membrane-SPINE: first, the confirmation of a proposed interaction partner by immunoblotting, and second, the identification of new interaction partners by mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, even low affinity, transient PPIs are detectable by this technique. Finally, Membrane-SPINE is adaptable to almost any cell type, making it applicable as a powerful screening tool to identify PPIs of membrane proteins.

Membrane-SPINE: A Biochemical Tool to Identify Protein-protein Interactions of Membrane Proteins In Vivo

A biochemical approach is described to identify in vivo protein-protein interactions (PPI) of membrane proteins. The method combines protein cross-linking, affinity purification and mass spectrometry, and is adaptable to almost any cell type or organism. With this approach, even the identification of transient PPIs becomes possible.

Membrane proteins are essential for cell viability and are therefore important therapeutic targets1-3. Since they function in complexes4, methods to ...

Bioengineering

Co-Translational Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Preformed Nanodiscs

Cell-free expression systems allow the tailored design of reaction environments to support the functional folding of even complex proteins such as membrane proteins. The experimental procedures for the co-translational insertion and folding of membrane proteins into preformed and defined membranes supplied as nanodiscs are demonstrated. The protocol is completely detergent-free and can generate milligrams of purified samples within one day. The resulting membrane protein/nanodisc samples can be used for a variety of functional studies and structural applications such as crystallization, nuclear magnetic resonance, or electron microscopy. The preparation of basic key components such as cell-free lysates, nanodiscs with designed membranes, critical stock solutions as well as the assembly of two-compartment cell-free expression reactions is described. Since folding requirements of membrane proteins can be highly diverse, a major focus of this protocol is the modulation of parameters and reaction steps important for sample quality such as critical basic reaction compounds, membrane composition of nanodiscs, redox and chaperone environment, or DNA template design. The whole process is demonstrated with the synthesis of proteorhodopsin and a G-protein coupled receptor.

Co-translational insertion into pre-formed nanodiscs makes it possible to study cell-free synthesized membrane proteins in defined lipid environments without contact with detergents. This protocol describes the preparation of essential system components and the critical parameters for improving expression efficiency and sample quality.

Cell-free expression systems allow the tailored design of reaction environments to support the functional folding of even complex proteins such as ...

Purification of the M. magneticum Strain AMB-1 Magnetosome Associated Protein MamA&Delta;41

Magnetotactic bacteria comprise a diverse group of aquatic microorganisms that are able to orientate themselves along geomagnetic fields. This behavior is believed to aid their search for suitable environments (1). This capability is conferred by the magnetosome, a subcellular organelle that consists of a linear-chain assembly of lipid vesicles each able to biomineralize and enclose a ~50-nm crystal of magnetite or greigite. A principle component of the magnetosome that was shown to be required for the formation of functional vesicles is MamA. MamA is a highly abundant magnetosome-associated protein which is one of the most characterized magnetosome-associated proteins in vivo (2-6). This article focuses on the purification of MamA, which despite being studied in vivo, no clear functional or structural details have been identified for it. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that MamA is a tetra-tricopeptide repeat (TPR) containing protein. TPR is a structural motif found as such or forming part of a bigger fold in a wide range of proteins, it serves as a template for protein-protein interactions and mediates multi-protein complexes (7). TPRs are involved in many crucial tasks in eukaryotic cell organelle processes and many bacterial pathways (8-14). In order to understand MamA, a unique TPR containing protein, highly purified protein is required as a first step. In this article, we present the purification protocol for a stable MamA deletion mutant (MamA&Delta;41) from M. magneticum AMB-1.

MamA is a unique Magnetosome associated protein which was shown to be involved in magnetosome activation. Here we present the purification protocol of MamA deletion mutant (MamA&Delta;41) from M. magneticum AMB-1.

Magnetotactic bacteria comprise a diverse group of aquatic microorganisms that are able to orientate themselves along geomagnetic fields. This behavior is ...

Biology

A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles

The nanodisc is a discoidal particle (~ 10-12 nm large) that trap membrane proteins into a small patch of phospholipid bilayer. The nanodisc is a particularly attractive option for studying membrane proteins, especially in the context of ligand-receptor interactions. The method pioneered by Sligar and colleagues is based on the amphipathic properties of an engineered highly a-helical scaffold protein derived from the apolipoprotein A1. The hydrophobic faces of the scaffold protein interact with the fatty acyl side-chains of the lipid bilayer whereas the polar regions face the aqueous environment. Analyses of membrane proteins in nanodiscs have significant advantages over liposome because the particles are small, homogeneous and water-soluble. In addition, biochemical and biophysical methods normally reserved to soluble proteins can be applied, and from either side of the membrane. In this visual protocol, we present a step-by-step reconstitution of a well characterized bacterial ABC transporter, the MalE-MalFGK2 complex. The formation of the disc is a self-assembly process that depends on hydrophobic interactions taking place during the progressive removal of the detergent. We describe the essential steps and we highlight the importance of choosing a correct protein-to-lipid ratio in order to limit the formation of aggregates and larger polydisperse liposome-like particles. Simple quality controls such as gel filtration chromatography, native gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy ensure that the discs have been properly reconstituted.

Nanodiscs are small discoid particles that incorporate membrane proteins into a small patch of phospholipid bilayer. We provide a visual protocol that shows the step-by-step incorporation of the MalFGK2 transporter into a disc.

The nanodisc is a discoidal particle (~ 10-12 nm large) that trap membrane proteins into a small patch of phospholipid bilayer. The nanodisc is a ...

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

The MGM101 gene was identified 20 years ago for its role in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Studies from several groups have suggested that the Mgm101 protein is involved in the recombinational repair of mitochondrial DNA. Recent investigations have indicated that Mgm101 is related to the Rad52-type recombination protein family. These proteins form large oligomeric rings and promote the annealing of homologous single stranded DNA molecules. However, the characterization of Mgm101 has been hindered by the difficulty in producing the recombinant protein. Here, a reliable procedure for the preparation of recombinant Mgm101 is described. Maltose Binding Protein (MBP)-tagged Mgm101 is first expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein is initially purified by amylose affinity chromatography. After being released by proteolytic cleavage, Mgm101 is separated from MBP by cationic exchange chromatography. Monodispersed Mgm101 is then obtained by size exclusion chromatography. A yield of ~0.87 mg of Mgm101 per liter of bacterial culture can be routinely obtained. The recombinant Mgm101 has minimal contamination of DNA. The prepared samples are successfully used for biochemical, structural and single particle image analyses of Mgm101. This protocol may also be used for the preparation of other large oligomeric DNA-binding proteins that may be misfolded and toxic to bacterial cells.

The yeast mitochondrial nucleoid protein, Mgm101, is a Rad52-type recombination protein that forms large oligomeric rings. A protocol is described to prepare soluble recombinant Mgm101 using the Maltose Binding Protein (MBP)-tagging strategy coupled with cation exchange and size exclusion chromatography.

The MGM101 gene was identified 20 years ago for its role in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Studies from several groups have suggested that the ...

One-step Purification of Twin-Strep-tagged Proteins and Their Complexes on Strep-Tactin Resin Cross-linked With Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) Suberate (BS3)

Affinity purification of Strep-tagged fusion proteins on resins carrying an engineered streptavidin (Strep-Tactin) has become a widely used method for isolation of protein complexes under physiological conditions. Fusion proteins containing two copies of Strep-tag II, designated twin-Strep-tag or SIII-tag, have the advantage of higher affinity for Strep-Tactin compared to those containing only a single Strep-tag, thus allowing more efficient protein purification. However, this advantage is offset by the fact that elution of twin-Strep-tagged proteins with biotin may be incomplete, leading to low protein recovery. The recovery can be dramatically improved by using denaturing elution with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), but this leads to sample contamination with Strep-Tactin released from the resin, making the assay incompatible with downstream proteomic analysis. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a method whereby resin-coupled tetramer of Strep-Tactin is first stabilized by covalent cross-linking with Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) and the resulting cross-linked resin is then used to purify target protein complexes in a single batch purification step. Efficient elution with SDS ensures good protein recovery, while the absence of contaminating Strep-Tactin allows downstream protein analysis by mass spectrometry. As a proof of concept, we describe here a protocol for purification of SIII-tagged viral protein VPg-Pro from nuclei of virus-infected N. benthamiana plants using the Strep-Tactin polymethacrylate resin cross-linked with BS3. The same protocol can be used to purify any twin-Strep-tagged protein of interest and characterize its physiological binding partners.

One-step Purification of Twin-Strep-tagged Proteins and Their Complexes on Strep-Tactin Resin Cross-linked With Bissulfosuccinimidyl Suberate BS3

A method is described for efficient purification of twin-Strep-tagged fusion proteins and their specific complexes on modified streptavidin (Strep-Tactin) resin covalently cross-linked with Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3). The method has the advantages of fast speed, good target protein recovery and high purity, and is compatible with subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry.

Affinity purification of Strep-tagged fusion proteins on resins carrying an engineered streptavidin (Strep-Tactin) has become a widely used method for ...

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Most bacteria, including mycobacteria, generate extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since bacterial EVs (bEVs) contain a subset of cellular components, including metabolites, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, several groups have evaluated either the native or recombinant versions of bEVs for their protective potency as subunit vaccine candidates. Unlike native EVs, recombinant EVs are molecularly engineered to contain one or more immunogens of interest. Over the last decade, different groups have explored diverse approaches for generating recombinant bEVs. However, here, we report the design, construction, and enrichment of recombinant mycobacterial EVs (mEVs) in mycobacteria. Towards that, we use Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), an avirulent soil mycobacterium as the model system. We first describe the generation and enrichment of native EVs of Msm. Then, we describe the design and construction of recombinant mEVs that contain either mCherry, a red fluorescent reporter protein, or EsxA (Esat-6), a prominent immunogen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We achieve this by separately fusing mCherry and EsxA N-termini with the C-terminus of a small Msm protein Cfp-29. Cfp-29 is one of the few abundantly present proteins of MsmEVs. The protocol to generate and enrich recombinant mEVs from Msm remains identical to the generation and enrichment of native EVs of Msm.

This protocol details the enrichment of native mycobacterial extracellular vesicles (mEVs) from axenic cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm) and how mCherry (a red fluorescent reporter)-containing recombinant MsmEVs can be designed and enriched. Lastly, it verifies the novel approach with the enrichment of MsmEVs containing the EsxA protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Reconstitution of Msp1 Extraction Activity with Fully Purified Components

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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

2 in 1: One-step Affinity Purification for the Parallel Analysis of Protein-Protein and Protein-Metabolite Complexes

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Membrane-SPINE: A Biochemical Tool to Identify Protein-protein Interactions of Membrane Proteins In Vivo

Co-Translational Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Preformed Nanodiscs

Purification of the M. magneticum Strain AMB-1 Magnetosome Associated Protein MamAΔ41

A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

One-step Purification of Twin-Strep-tagged Proteins and Their Complexes on Strep-Tactin Resin Cross-linked With Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) Suberate (BS3)

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria