Name: automated acoustic dispensing for the serial dilution of peptide agonists in potency determination assays
Uploaded: 2016-11-10T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 6 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays at JoVE.com

1. 펩타이드 직렬 희석 <ol><li> 분석 완충액을 준비 : 행크스 25 mM의 HEPES, 0.1 % BSA 및 0.5 mM의 3- 이소 부틸 -1- 메틸 크 (IBMX), pH를 7.4로 보충 된 염 용액 (HBSS)에 버퍼링. </li><li> 체계적 다섯 384 웰 저용량 분석 플레이트의 각 웰에 분석 완충액 5 μL를 추가 벌크 시약 디스펜서를 사용한다. <ol><li> 제조업체의 지침에 따라 384 웰 플레이트의 각 웰에 5 μL 볼륨 추가를위한 분배 프로그램을 만들기 위해 내부 소프트웨어를 사용합니다. </li><li> 분석 버퍼와 주요 유체에 카세트 튜브를 분배 빠져. </li><li> 플레이트 캐리어 384도 낮은 볼륨 분석 플레이트를 놓습니다. </li><li> 를 눌러 시작. </li></ol></li><li> 100X 펩티드 스톡을 생성하는 분석 완충액에 관계없이 기억 차량의 모든 펩티드 시료를 희석. 주 : 스크리닝을 요구하는 펩타이드는 예를 들어, DMSO w (적절한 것으로 간주 포스페이트 완충 식염수 (PBS) 또는 디메틸 설폭 사이드 (DMSO)에 제공 될 수있다병이 같은 PEG 화와 같은 보조 수정)과 펩티드에 해로운 영향을 미친다. </li><li> 열 음향 자격을 갖춘 384 웰 폴리 프로필렌 마이크로 1-5로 25 μL를 100 배 펩타이드 주식을 분배. 이 판은 &#39;소스 판 A&#39;지정됩니다. 해당 소스 판을 확인 있지만 대상 플레이트, 평면 바닥하고 어쿠스틱 악기의 제조 업체에 의해 정의 된 특정 음향 허용 오차를 준수합니다. </li><li> 우물 A23에 25 μL의 100 배 기준 제어를 분배 및 소스 판 A의 A24 </li><li> 소스 A. 플레이트의 컬럼에 컬럼 21-22 11-15 30 μL의 분석 완충액으로 10 ㎕의 분석 완충액을 분배 </li><li> 열 번째 음향 정규화 384- 웰 폴리 프로필렌 마이크로 6-10 및 16-20 칼럼에 10 μL의 분석 완충액을 분주한다. 이 판은 &#39;소스 판 B&#39;를 지정한다. </li><li> 1 분 300 XG에 원심 분리기 소스 판 A와 B. 적절한 균형 플레이트를 포함합니다. </li><li> 음향 flui를 사용하여소스 A에 열 1에서 100 배 펩타이드 주식 (분석 버퍼) (100) 중간 희석 : D 디스펜서는 세 연속 1을 제조 자동화 로봇 시스템에 통합 참고 : 프로그래밍 소스 A와 소스 B (플레이트 레이아웃 그림 1 참조) 사이의 세 가지 음향 전송을 허용하는 판 포맷하고 (음향 유체 디스펜서의 제조 업체에 의해 제공) 용량 반응 소프트웨어가 필요합니다. 구체적으로는 1.9 상세 자동화 로봇 제어하에,이 실험에서 사용되는 액체 분배기의 사용 단계 (재료 표 참조) : <ol><li> 로봇의 판 호텔 섹션에로드 소스 접시와 분석 플레이트. </li><li> 오픈 자동화 된 로봇 소프트웨어 및로드 플레이트 재 포맷 및 용량 반응 프로그램 확장 프로토콜. &#39;실행&#39;을 클릭합니다. 참고 : 자동화 소스 플레이트 B의 열 6-10로 소스 플레이트 (A)의 열 1-5에서 250 NL을 전송하는 음향 유체 디스펜서를 지시하고, 두 번째 ACOUSTI섞어 15 ㎕의 분석 완충액으로 백필 더 큰 유체 볼륨을 처리 할 수있는 C 액 디스펜서. 자동화는 통합 원심 분리기 1 분 동안 300 XG에 원심 분리기 (적절한 균형 판은 모든 원심 분리 단계를 포함)에 소스 판 B를 전송합니다. 소스 플레이트 B 소스 판 A의 열 11-15로 소스 플레이트 B의 열 6-10에서 250 NL의 전송을 위해 음향 유체 분배기로 돌아 혼합 15 μl를 분석 버퍼 백필됩니다. 통합 원심 분리기 1 분 동안 300 XG에 원심 분리기에 자동화 전송 소스 플레이트를했다. 소스 플레이트 (A)는 다음 소스 판 B의 열을 16-20로 소스 플레이트 (A)의 열이 11 ~ 15에서 250 NL의 전송을 위해 음향 유체 분배기로 돌아 혼합 15 μl를 분석 버퍼 백필됩니다. 자동화는 1 분 300 XG에 통합 원심 분리기 및 원심 분리기에 소스 판 B를 전송합니다. 주 : 마지막 투여 량 반응 프로토콜을 전송하는 탄성 분배 지시(소스 플레이트 A와 소스 플레이트 B 모두에서) 4 직렬 희석 소스 판 우물의 각에서 필요한 볼륨을 분석 플레이트에 중복으로 전체 11 점 곡선을 구성하는 (위의 단계 1.2에서 5 ㎕를 분석 버퍼로 미리 채워진 ). 자동화 통합 원심 분리기에 전송 분석 플레이트 및 원심 분리기 1 분 300 XG에. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 셀 준비 <ol><li> 20 mL의 분석 완충액에서 37 ºC 수욕 재현 탁하고 빠르게 목표 마우스 GLP-1 수용체를 발현 녹여 동결 보존 중국 햄스터 난소 (CHO) 세포. </li><li> 실온에서 200 XG (RT)에서 5 분 동안 원심 분리 세포 현탁액. 적절한 균형을 포함합니다. </li><li> 뜨는을 취소하고 10 ml의 분석 버퍼에 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. </li><li> 트리 판 블루 1 및 자동 세포 계수기를 사용하여 생존 세포 밀도를 결정 : 세포 스톡 1 희석. 아 당 8,000 세포 (동등한 ml의 1.6 × 10 6 세포에서 분석 버퍼에 재현 탁 세포분석 판 리터). </li><li> 실온에서 30 분 동안 (5 μL를 분석 완충액에 희석 한 펩티드를 포함)을 분석 플레이트의 각 웰에 세포 현탁액을 5 μL를 추가 배양 벌크 시약 디스펜서를 사용한다. </li></ol> 3. HTRF 캠프 탐지 분석 <ol><li> 사용하기 전에 30 분 동안 실온 HTRF의 cAMP 분석 키트를 준비한다. </li><li> (캠프 검출법의 제조자에 의해 제공된 고유의 제제) 용해 완충액에 희석 1시 20분 별도로 각 HTRF 시약 (크립 테이트 및 D2)을 준비한다. 참고 :주의 : 용해 버퍼가 칼륨 독성 플루오 라이드 (KF)과 기형 (13)를 포함한다. 폐기, KF를 포함하는 분석 플레이트를 밀봉하고 소각 및 액체 폐기물은 이전 싱크대 아래로 폐기 물 &lt;1 밀리몰 / L로 희석해야한다. </li><li> 분석 플레이트의 모든 웰에 5 μL의 크립 테이트 시약을 추가 벌크 시약 디스펜서를 사용합니다. </li><li> 콜럼 5 μL의 D2 시약을 추가 벌크 시약 디스펜서를 사용NS 분석 판 1-22. </li><li> 수작업의 비 - 특이 적 결합 (NSB) 대조군 웰과 웰 E23-P24에 D2 시약 5 μl를 제공하기 위해 분석 플레이트의 웰 A23-D24에 5 ㎕의 용해 완충액을 피펫. </li><li> 우물을 섞어 실온에서 200 XG에서 1 분 동안 분석 플레이트를 원심 분리기. </li><li> 증발 및 사진 표백을 최소화하고 1 시간 동안 실온에서 배양 분석 플레이트를 커버. </li><li> 620 nm에서 플레이트 리더를 사용하여 665 nm에서 320 nm의 여기 및 발광을 사용하여 형광 공명 에너지 전달 (FRET) 신호를 측정한다. </li></ol> 4. 데이터 분석 <ol><li> 모든 우물에서 배경을 뺄 NSB을 의미합니다. </li><li> 다음과 같이 665 나노 미터 / 620 nm의 비율에서 % 델타 F를 계산합니다 : 비율 = (A 665nm / A 620 ㎚)는 10 (4) X 델타 F = ((샘플 비율 - 비율 NSB) / 비율 NSB는)) × 100 여기서 비율 NSB없이 D2 시약 우물을 =. </li><li> %의 activat을 계산다음 자극되지 않은 세포와 세포 사이의 이온 최대 GLP-1을 리간드로 자극 : % 활성 = (% Fsample 델타가 - %가 DeltaFunstimulated 셀) / (%의 DeltaFGLP-1 세포 자극 - % DeltaF 자극되지 않은 세포) × 100 </li><li> 기준 제어부 (1)에 의해 정의 된 바와 같은 활성 % 4- 매개 변수 병참 분석 그래프를 통해 농도 - 반응 곡선을 분석한다. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

이 프로토콜은 직렬 샘플의 1 μl를 필요로하는 3 × 106의 농도 범위 펩티드 시료를 희석하는 자동 분배 탄성의 성공적인 적용을 설명한다. 이 방법의 가장 큰 장점은 일반적으로 시약 전송 및 믹싱에 필요한 실험 용기 (예 : 피펫 팁 등) plasticware에 샘플 감소 노출을 통해 plasticware에 펩타이드의 흡착을 최소화를 통해 데이터 품질을 높이는 것입니다. 탄성 분배 완전히 plasticware의 사용을 배제...

GLP-1R은 제 2 형 당뇨병 (2)의 처리에서 설정된 약물 표적이다. 이 수용체에 대한 천연 펩티드 작용제, GLP-1은 2-3 분 (3)의 생체 내 반감기를 갖는다. 아데 닐 레이트 사이 클라 제의 활성화에 네이티브 G 단백질의 커플 링을 통해 제 메신저는 cAMP의 하류 생산의 G 단백질 결합 수용체 표적 결과 GLP-1의 결합. 축적 된 캠프의 측정은 강력한 분석 수용체 활성화를 모니터링하고 선호하는 물리 화학적 특성을 가진 활성 GLP-1 유사체에 대한 선별을 제공합니다. 이러한 분석은 농도 - 반응 곡선을 구성하기 시험 샘플의 일련의 희석을 필요로하고, 펩티드 샘플 나눠 때 특히 복잡하다. 팁 기반 일련 희석 준비에서 잠재적 인 오류는 이전에 1,4,5 설명 하였다. 펩타이드는 신뢰할 수없는 힘 추정 결과, plasticware에 흡착됩니다. 펩티드 손실 t 통해 최소화 될 수있다그는 소 혈청 버퍼에서 알부민 (BSA)와 실리콘 처리 plasticware의 사용, 아직 결합 단백질의 포함은 예측할 수없는 남아 있습니다. 특히, 실험 용기에 GLP-1의 결합의 편차가 6을 설명 하였다. 수성 분석 완충액으로 팁, 마이크로 타이 터 플레이트에서 침출 단백질 기능 (7, 8)을 방해 할 수 실험실 plasticware에 사용 된 안정 화제의 또 다른 합병증이있다. 따라서, 방법 plasticware 노출을 감소시키기는 측정의 정확성을 증가시킬 필요가있다. 어쿠스틱 액체 디스펜서 인접 분석 플레이트 (9)로 정밀한 나노 리터 액적 토출의 결과, 유체 시료의 표면에 고주파 음향 신호를 집중한다. 탄성 분사의 사용은 제조 및 대형 합성 화합물 라이브러리의 스크리닝을위한 제약 산업 표준 및 기술은 잘 작은 molecul 대한 검증되었습니다에스 10. 우리의 지식, 우리는 재조합 및 합성 펩타이드의 제조를위한 음향 분배를 설명하는 첫 번째 그룹이며, 우리는 이전에 기존의 팁 기반의 방법 1에 비해 향상된 정확도를보고했다. 이 문서에서는 완전히 자동화 된 플레이트 처리 로봇 시스템에 비접촉 음향 전송에 의한 펩타이드 직렬 및 직접 희석의 준비의 통합을 설명합니다. 샘플 음향 전달을 감싸는 다수의 방법은 이전에 11 설명되었다. 우리는 2 단계 방법의 중간 스톡 농도를 준비하고 직렬의 전체 용량 - 반응 곡선의 생성에 대한 펩타이드 유사체 희석을 이용한다. 제조 된 펩타이드는 세포를 대상 마우스 GLP-1R 발현과 함께 배양하고, 우리는 펩티드 작동 제의 액티브의 판독 이러한 세포 내에서의 cAMP 축적을 측정하기 위해, 시판 균질 시간 - 분해 형광 (HTRF) 분석을 사용하여성만. 상기 분석은 견고하고 높은 처리량 384- 웰 포맷 의무 일상적 모두 분석법 개발에 적용되는 약물 스크리닝 (12)을 투사한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hanks&amp;rsquo; Balanced Salt solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H8264</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H3375</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A9418</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>I7018</td><td>Prepared as a 0.5 M stock in DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>GLP-1 (7-36) amide</td><td>Bachem</td><td>H-6795</td><td>Prepared as a 1 mg/ml stock in PBS, referred to as &#039;100x reference control&#039;</td></tr><tr><td>Test peptides</td><td>Produced in-house at MedImmune</td><td></td><td>Supplied at various concentrations in DMSO or PBS as appropriate</td></tr><tr><td>100x peptide stock</td><td>Produced in-house at MedImmune</td><td></td><td>Test peptide diluted into assay buffer to 100x final required concentration</td></tr><tr><td>Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>15250-061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cedex XS Cell Analyzer</td><td>Innovatis</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corning 384 well plates, low volume</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>4514</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Echo Qualified 384-Well Polypropylene Microplate</td><td>Labcyte Inc.</td><td>P-05525</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Echo Qualified Reservoir</td><td>Labcyte Inc.</td><td>ER-0055</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Echo 550 Liquid Handler</td><td>Labcyte Inc.</td><td></td><td>Droplet transfer volumes in increments of 2.5 nl</td></tr><tr><td>Echo 525 Liquid Handler</td><td>Labcyte Inc.</td><td></td><td>Droplet transfer volumes in increments of 25 nl</td></tr><tr><td>ACell Benchtop Automation&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HighRes Biosolutions</td><td>MC522</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellario Lab Automation Scheduling software for Life Science Robotics</td><td>HighRes Biosolutions</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MultidropCombi Reagent Dispenser</td><td>ThermFisher Scientific</td><td>5840300</td><td>Referred to as &#039;bulk reagent dispenser&#039;</td></tr><tr><td>HTRF cAMP Dynamic 2 kit</td><td>Cisbio Bioassays</td><td>62AM4PEJ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EnVision Multilabel Reader</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

automated acoustic dispensing for the serial dilution of peptide agonists in potency determination assays

소분자 약물 발견과 같이, 펩티드 작동 선별하여 농도 - 반응 곡선을 생성하는 펩티드의 일련의 희석을 필요로한다. 펩티드를 스크리닝 종래 팁 기반 시료 처리 방법을 통해 흡착 펩티드 손실 증가 된 기회를 제공 plasticware 큰 표면적에 노출 펩티드로 복잡한 계층을 제공한다. plasticware 과도한 노출을 방지하는 플라스틱에 대한 밀착성을 통해 펩티드 손실을 감소시키고, 따라서 효능 예측의 부정확성을 최소화하고, 우리는 이전 펩티드 작동 (1)의 시험 관내 높은 처리량 스크리닝 분배 비접촉 탄성의 장점을 설명하고있다. 여기서는 마우스 글루카곤 유사 펩타이드 -1 수용체 (GLP-1R)에 펩티드 작동 스크리닝의 예를 이용하여 마이크로 타이 터 플레이트 펩티드 계열 희석 비접촉 탄성 제조 완전히 통합 된 자동화 솔루션을 논의한다. 우리의 방법은 높은 허용-throughput 작용제에 대한 화면을 분석 세포 기반 쉽게 증가 시료 처리를 지원하기 위해, 또는 (기타 표적 세포주 패널, 예) 분석 플레이트 사본 수가 증가를 허용하도록 확장 가능하다.

<html> 우리는 일상적 탄성 송금 펩티드 희석 두 단계 방법을 사용한다. 첫 번째 단계의 경우, 자동으로 정렬 음향 디스펜서는 두 개의 소스 판에서 네 재고 펩타이드 중간 희석액을 만드는 데 사용됩니다 (그림 1A, B). 두 번째 단계에서, 우리는 상기 각 테스트 펩티드 (도 1C)에 대한 11 점의 농도 범위를 만들기 위해 소스 판 A 및 B에서 스?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays at JoVE.com

Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays

Peptide adsorption to plasticware during traditional tip-based serial dilutions can significantly impact potency determination and confound the understanding of structure-activity relationships used for lead identification and lead optimization phases of drug discovery. Here methods for automated acoustic non-contact serial dilution of peptide samples are described.

효능 판별 분석에서 펩타이드 작용제의 직렬 희석에 대한 분배 자동 음향

As with small molecule drug discovery, screening for peptide agonists requires the serial dilution of peptides to produce concentration-response curves. ...

automated-acoustic-dispensing-for-serial-dilution-peptide-agonists

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

7.6K 조회수.  MedImmune. Peptide adsorption to plasticware during traditional tip-based serial dilutions can significantly impact potency determination and confound the understanding of structure-activity relationships used for lead identification and lead optimization phases of drug discovery. Here methods for automated acoustic non-contact serial dilution of peptide samples are described. 

비디오: Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI (iMALDI)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly used technologies for quantifying proteins in complex samples, with excellent assay specificity as a result of the direct detection of the mass-to-charge ratio of each target molecule. However, MS-based proteomics, like most other analytical techniques, has a bias towards measuring high-abundance analytes, so it is challenging to achieve detection limits of low ng/mL or pg/mL in complex samples, and this is the concentration range for many disease-relevant proteins in biofluids such as human plasma. To assist in the detection of low-abundance analytes, immuno-enrichment has been integrated into the assay to concentrate and purify the analyte before MS measurement, significantly improving assay sensitivity. In this work, the immuno- Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (iMALDI) technology is presented for the quantification of proteins and peptides in biofluids, based on immuno-enrichment on beads, followed by MALDI-MS measurement without prior elution. The anti-peptide antibodies are functionalized on magnetic beads, and incubated with samples. After washing, the beads are directly transferred onto a MALDI target plate, and the signals are measured by a MALDI-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) instrument after the matrix solution has been applied to the beads. The sample preparation procedure is simplified compared to other immuno-MS assays, and the MALDI measurement is fast. The whole sample preparation is automated with a liquid handling system, with improved assay reproducibility and higher throughput. In this article, the iMALDI assay is used for determining the peptide angiotensin I (Ang I) concentration in plasma, which is used clinically as readout of plasma renin activity for the screening of primary aldosteronism (PA).

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI iMALDI

A protocol for the protein quantification in complex biological fluids using automated immuno-MALDI (iMALDI) technology is presented.

펩 티 드 및 단백질 정량화를 사용 하 여 자동 면역-MALDI (iMALDI)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly used technologies for quantifying proteins in complex samples, with excellent assay specificity as a ...

연구

화학

Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications

Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse and Parkinson&#39;s disease. Acute activation of G&#945;i/o-linked receptors inhibits AC activity, whereas persistent activation of these receptors results in heterologous sensitization of AC and increased levels of intracellular cAMP. Previous studies have demonstrated that this enhancement of AC responsiveness is observed both in vitro and in vivo following the chronic activation of several types of G&#945;i/o-linked receptors including D2 dopamine and &#956; opioid receptors. Although heterologous sensitization of AC was first reported four decades ago, the mechanism(s) that underlie this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The lack of mechanistic data presumably reflects the complexity involved with this adaptive response, suggesting that nonbiased approaches could aid in identifying the molecular pathways involved in heterologous sensitization of AC. Previous studies have implicated kinase and Gb&#947; signaling as overlapping components that regulate the heterologous sensitization of AC. To identify unique and additional overlapping targets associated with sensitization of AC, the development and validation of a scalable cAMP sensitization assay is required for greater throughput. Previous approaches to study sensitization are generally cumbersome involving continuous cell culture maintenance as well as a complex methodology for measuring cAMP accumulation that involves multiple wash steps. Thus, the development of a robust cell-based assay that can be used for high throughput screening (HTS) in a 384&#160;well format would facilitate future studies. Using two D2 dopamine receptor cellular models (i.e.&#160;CHO-D2L and HEK-AC6/D2L), we have converted our 48-well sensitization assay (&#62;20 steps 4-5 days) to a five-step, single day assay in 384-well format. This new format is amenable to small molecule screening, and we demonstrate that this assay design can also be readily used for reverse transfection of siRNA in anticipation of targeted siRNA library screening.

Persistent activation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors results in sensitization of adenylyl cyclase signaling. To identify the essential molecular pathways, nonbiased approaches are necessary; however, this strategy requires the development of a scalable cell-based cAMP sensitization assay. Herein, we describe a sensitization assay for small molecule and siRNA screening.

아데 닐 레이트 사이 클라 제의 약물에 의한 과민성 : 작은 분자와 siRNA의 심사 응용 프로그램에 대한 분석 최적화 기술과 소형화

Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse ...

생체공학

Stepwise Dosing Protocol for Increased Throughput in Label-Free Impedance-Based GPCR Assays

Label-free impedance-based assays are increasingly used to non-invasively study ligand-induced GPCR activation in cell culture experiments. The approach provides real-time cell monitoring with a device-dependent time resolution down to several tens of milliseconds and it is highly automated. However, when sample numbers get high (e.g., dose-response studies for various different ligands), the cost for the disposable electrode arrays as well as the available time resolution for sequential well-by-well recordings may become limiting. Therefore, we here present a serial agonist addition protocol which has the potential to significantly increase the output of label-free GPCR assays. Using the serial agonist addition protocol, a GPCR agonist is added sequentially in increasing concentrations to a single cell layer while continuously monitoring the sample&#39;s impedance (agonist mode). With this serial approach, it is now possible to establish a full dose-response curve for a GPCR agonist from just one single cell layer. The serial agonist addition protocol is applicable to different GPCR coupling types, Gq Gi/0 or Gs and it is compatible with recombinant and endogenous expression levels of the receptor under study. Receptor blocking by GPCR antagonists is assessable as well (antagonist mode).

This protocol demonstrates real-time recording of full dose-response relationships for agonist-induced GPCR activation from a single cell layer grown on a single microelectrode using label-free impedance measurements. The new dosing scheme significantly increases throughput without loss in time resolution.

라벨없는 임피던스 기반 GPCR 분석에서 처리량 증가를위한 단계별 투약 프로토콜

Label-free impedance-based assays are increasingly used to non-invasively study ligand-induced GPCR activation in cell culture experiments. The approach ...

생화학

Scalable High Throughput Selection From  Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

The demand for antibodies that fulfill the needs of both basic and clinical research applications is high and will dramatically increase in the future. However, it is apparent that traditional monoclonal technologies are not alone up to this task. This has led to the development of alternate methods to satisfy the demand for high quality and renewable affinity reagents to all accessible elements of the proteome. Toward this end, high throughput methods for conducting selections from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries have been devised for applications involving diverse antigens and optimized for rapid throughput and success. Herein, a protocol is described in detail that illustrates with video demonstration the parallel selection of Fab-phage clones from high diversity libraries against hundreds of targets using either a manual 96 channel liquid handler or automated robotics system. Using this protocol, a single user can generate hundreds of antigens, select antibodies to them in parallel and validate antibody binding within 6-8 weeks. Highlighted are: i) a viable antigen format, ii) pre-selection antigen characterization, iii) critical steps that influence the selection of specific and high affinity clones, and iv) ways of monitoring selection effectiveness and early stage antibody clone characterization. With this approach, we have obtained synthetic antibody fragments (Fabs) to many target classes including single-pass membrane receptors, secreted protein hormones, and multi-domain intracellular proteins. These fragments are readily converted to full-length antibodies and have been validated to exhibit high affinity and specificity. Further, they have been demonstrated to be functional in a variety of standard immunoassays including Western blotting, ELISA, cellular immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and related assays. This methodology will accelerate antibody discovery and ultimately bring us closer to realizing the goal of generating renewable, high quality antibodies to the proteome.

A method is described with visual accompaniment for conducting scalable, high throughput selections from phage-displayed combinatorial synthetic antibody libraries against hundreds of antigens simultaneously. Using this parallel approach, we have isolated antibody fragments that exhibit high affinity and specificity for diverse antigens that are functional in standard immunoassays.

파지 - 표시 합성 항체 라이브러리의 확장 성 높은 처리량 선택

The demand for antibodies that fulfill the needs of both basic and clinical research applications is high and will dramatically increase in the future. ...

면역학 및 감염병학

A "Dual-Addition" Calcium Fluorescence Assay for the High-Throughput Screening of Recombinant G Protein-Coupled Receptors

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest superfamily of receptors and are the targets of numerous human drugs. High-throughput screening (HTS) of random small molecule libraries against GPCRs is used by the pharmaceutical industry for target-specific drug discovery. In this study, an HTS was employed to identify novel small-molecule ligands of invertebrate-specific neuropeptide GPCRs as probes for physiological studies of vectors of deadly human and veterinary pathogens.
The invertebrate-specific kinin receptor was chosen as a target because it regulates many important physiological processes in invertebrates, including diuresis, feeding, and digestion. Furthermore, the pharmacology of many invertebrate GPCRs is poorly characterized or not characterized at all; therefore, the differential pharmacology of these groups of receptors with respect to the related GPCRs in other metazoans, especially humans, adds knowledge to the structure-activity relationships of GPCRs as a superfamily. An HTS assay was developed for cells in 384-well plates for the discovery of ligands of the kinin receptor from the cattle fever tick, or southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. The tick kinin receptor was stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells.
The kinin receptor, when activated by endogenous kinin neuropeptides or other small molecule agonists, triggers Ca2+ release from calcium stores into the cytoplasm. This calcium fluorescence assay combined with a &#34;dual-addition&#34; approach can detect functional agonist and antagonist &#34;hit&#34; molecules in the same assay plate. Each assay was conducted using drug plates carrying an array of 320 random small molecules. A reliable Z&#39; factor of 0.7 was obtained, and three agonist and two antagonist hit molecules were identified when the HTS was at a 2 &#181;M final concentration. The calcium fluorescence assay reported here can be adapted to screen other GPCRs that activate the Ca2+ signaling cascade.

In this work, a high-throughput, intracellular calcium fluorescence assay for 384-well plates to screen small molecule libraries on recombinant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is described. The target, the kinin receptor from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is expressed in CHO-K1 cells. This assay identifies agonists and antagonists using the same cells in one "dual-addition" assay.

재조합 G 단백질 결합 수용체의 고처리량 스크리닝을 위한 "이중 첨가" 칼슘 형광 분석

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest superfamily of receptors and are the targets of numerous human drugs. High-throughput screening ...

"Cell Surface Capture" Workflow for Label-Free Quantification of the Cell Surface Proteome

Over the past decade, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has enabled an in-depth characterization of biological systems across a broad array of applications. The cell surface proteome ("surfaceome") in human disease is of significant interest, as plasma membrane proteins are the primary target of most clinically approved therapeutics, as well as a key feature by which to diagnostically distinguish diseased cells from healthy tissues. However, focused characterization of membrane and surface proteins of the cell has remained challenging, primarily due to the complexity of cellular lysates, which mask proteins of interest by other high-abundance proteins. To overcome this technical barrier and accurately define the cell surface proteome of various cell types using mass spectrometry proteomics, it is necessary to enrich the cell lysate for cell surface proteins prior to analysis on the mass spectrometer. This paper presents a detailed workflow for labeling cell surface proteins from cancer cells, enriching these proteins out of the cell lysate, and subsequent sample preparation for mass spectrometry analysis.

Here, we describe a proteomics workflow for characterization of the cell surface proteome of various cell types. This workflow includes cell surface protein enrichment, subsequent sample preparation, analysis using an LC-MS/MS platform, and data processing with specialized software.

Over the past decade, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has enabled an in-depth characterization of biological systems across a broad array of ...

Synthesis of Monocyte-targeting Peptide Amphiphile Micelles for Imaging of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, which claims 17.3 million lives annually. Atherosclerosis is also the leading cause of sudden death and myocardial infarction, instigated by unstable plaques that rupture and occlude the blood vessel without warning. Current imaging modalities cannot differentiate between stable and unstable plaques that rupture. Peptide amphiphiles micelles (PAMs) can overcome this drawback as they can be modified with a variety of targeting moieties that bind specifically to diseased tissue. Monocytes have been shown to be early markers of atherosclerosis, while large accumulation of monocytes is associated with plaques prone to rupture. Hence, nanoparticles that can target monocytes can be used to discriminate different stages of atherosclerosis. To that end, here, we describe a protocol for the preparation of monocyte-targeting PAMs (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) PAMs). MCP-1 PAMs are self-assembled through synthesis under mild conditions to form nanoparticles of 15 nm in diameter with near neutral surface charge. In vitro, PAMs were found to be biocompatible and had a high binding affinity for monocytes. The methods described herein show promise for a wide range of applications in atherosclerosis as well as other inflammatory diseases.

This paper presents a method involving the synthesis and characterization of monocyte-targeting peptide amphiphile micelles and the corresponding assays to test for biocompatibility and ability of the micelle to bind to monocytes.

동맥 경화 증의 영상에 대 한 펩 티 드 Amphiphile Micelles Monocyte 타겟팅의 합성

Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, which claims 17.3 million lives annually. ...

Quantification of Proteins Using Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

There is a great need for quantitative assays in measuring proteins. Traditional sandwich immunoassays, largely considered the gold standard in quantitation, are associated with a high cost, long lead time, and are fraught with drawbacks (e.g. heterophilic antibodies, autoantibody interference, 'hook-effect').1 An alternative technique is affinity enrichment of peptides coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, commonly referred to as SISCAPA (Stable Isotope Standards and Capture by Anti-Peptide Antibodies).2 In this technique, affinity enrichment of peptides with stable isotope dilution and detection by selected/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM/MRM-MS) provides quantitative measurement of peptides as surrogates for their respective proteins. SRM/MRM-MS is well established for accurate quantitation of small molecules 3, 4 and more recently has been adapted to measure the concentrations of proteins in plasma and cell lysates.5-7 To achieve quantitation of proteins, these larger molecules are digested to component peptides using an enzyme such as trypsin. One or more selected peptides whose sequence is unique to the target protein in that species (i.e. "proteotypic" peptides) are then enriched from the sample using anti-peptide antibodies and measured as quantitative stoichiometric surrogates for protein concentration in the sample. Hence, coupled to stable isotope dilution (SID) methods (i.e. a spiked-in stable isotope labeled peptide standard), SRM/MRM can be used to measure concentrations of proteotypic peptides as surrogates for quantification of proteins in complex biological matrices. The assays have several advantages compared to traditional immunoassays. The reagents are relatively less expensive to generate, the specificity for the analyte is excellent, the assays can be highly multiplexed, enrichment can be performed from neat plasma (no depletion required), and the technique is amenable to a wide array of proteins or modifications of interest.8-13 In this video we demonstrate the basic protocol as adapted to a magnetic bead platform.

Stable Isotope Standards and Capture by Anti-Peptide Antibodies (SISCAPA) couples affinity enrichment of peptides with stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) to provide quantitative measurement of peptides as surrogates for their respective proteins. Here we describe the protocol using magnetic particles in a partially automated format.

펩타이드 면역 친 화성 농축을 사용하여 단백질의 양을 정함은 질량 분광법과 함께

There is a great need for quantitative assays in measuring proteins. Traditional sandwich immunoassays, largely considered the gold standard in ...

생물학

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Biochemical assays with recombinant human MHC II molecules can provide rapid, quantitative insights into immunogenic epitope identification, deletion, or design1,2. Here, a peptide-MHC II binding assay is scaled to 384-well format. The scaled down protocol reduces reagent costs by 75% and is higher throughput than previously described 96-well protocols1,3-5. Specifically, the experimental design permits robust and reproducible analysis of up to 15 peptides against one MHC II allele per 384-well ELISA plate. Using a single liquid handling robot, this method allows one researcher to analyze approximately ninety test peptides in triplicate over a range of eight concentrations and four MHC II allele types in less than 48 hr. Others working in the fields of protein deimmunization or vaccine design and development may find the protocol to be useful in facilitating their own work. In particular, the step-by-step instructions and the visual format of JoVE should allow other users to quickly and easily establish this methodology in their own labs.

Biochemical assays with recombinant human MHC II molecules can provide rapid, quantitative insights into immunogenic epitope identification, deletion, or design. &#160;Here, a peptide-MHC II binding assay scaled to 384-well plates is described. This cost effective format should prove useful in the fields of protein deimmunization and vaccine design and development.

펩티드 에피토프의 정량 분석​​을위한 높은 처리량 MHC II 결합 분석

Biochemical assays with recombinant human MHC II molecules can provide rapid, quantitative insights into immunogenic epitope identification, deletion, or ...

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Digital assays are powerful methods that enable detection of rare cells and counting of individual nucleic acid molecules. However, digital assays are still not routinely applied, due to the cost and specific equipment associated with commercially available methods. Here we present a simplified method for readout of digital droplet assays using a conventional real-time PCR instrument to measure bulk fluorescence of droplet-based digital assays.
We characterize the performance of the bulk readout assay using synthetic droplet mixtures and a droplet digital multiple displacement amplification (MDA) assay. Quantitative MDA particularly benefits from a digital reaction format, but our new method&#160;applies to any digital assay. For established digital assay protocols such as digital PCR, this method serves to speed up and simplify assay readout.
Our bulk readout methodology brings the advantages of partitioned assays without the need for specialized readout instrumentation. The principal limitations of the bulk readout methodology are reduced dynamic range compared with droplet-counting platforms and the need for a standard sample, although the requirements for this standard are less demanding than for a conventional real-time experiment. Quantitative whole genome amplification (WGA) is used to test for contaminants in WGA reactions and is the most sensitive way to detect the presence of DNA fragments with unknown sequences, giving the method great promise in diverse application areas including pharmaceutical quality control and astrobiology.

We describe an endpoint digital assay for quantifying nucleic acids with a simplified (analog) readout. We measure bulk fluorescence of droplet-based digital assays using a standard qPCR machine rather than specialized instrumentation and confirm our results by microscopy.

디지털 핵산 정량 분석​​ 실험의 단순 대량 판독

Digital assays are powerful methods that enable detection of rare cells and counting of individual nucleic acid molecules. However, digital assays are ...

효능 판별 분석에서 펩타이드 작용제의 직렬 희석에 대한 분배 자동 음향

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

펩 티 드 및 단백질 정량화를 사용 하 여 자동 면역-MALDI (iMALDI)

아데 닐 레이트 사이 클라 제의 약물에 의한 과민성 : 작은 분자와 siRNA의 심사 응용 프로그램에 대한 분석 최적화 기술과 소형화

라벨없는 임피던스 기반 GPCR 분석에서 처리량 증가를위한 단계별 투약 프로토콜

파지 - 표시 합성 항체 라이브러리의 확장 성 높은 처리량 선택

재조합 G 단백질 결합 수용체의 고처리량 스크리닝을 위한 "이중 첨가" 칼슘 형광 분석

"Cell Surface Capture" Workflow for Label-Free Quantification of the Cell Surface Proteome

동맥 경화 증의 영상에 대 한 펩 티 드 Amphiphile Micelles Monocyte 타겟팅의 합성

펩타이드 면역 친 화성 농축을 사용하여 단백질의 양을 정함은 질량 분광법과 함께

펩티드 에피토프의 정량 분석을위한 높은 처리량 MHC II 결합 분석

디지털 핵산 정량 분석 실험의 단순 대량 판독

효능 판별 분석에서 펩타이드 작용제의 직렬 희석에 대한 분배 자동 음향

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

펩 티 드 및 단백질 정량화를 사용 하 여 자동 면역-MALDI (iMALDI)

아데 닐 레이트 사이 클라 제의 약물에 의한 과민성 : 작은 분자와 siRNA의 심사 응용 프로그램에 대한 분석 최적화 기술과 소형화

라벨없는 임피던스 기반 GPCR 분석에서 처리량 증가를위한 단계별 투약 프로토콜

파지 - 표시 합성 항체 라이브러리의 확장 성 높은 처리량 선택

재조합 G 단백질 결합 수용체의 고처리량 스크리닝을 위한 "이중 첨가" 칼슘 형광 분석

"Cell Surface Capture" Workflow for Label-Free Quantification of the Cell Surface Proteome

동맥 경화 증의 영상에 대 한 펩 티 드 Amphiphile Micelles Monocyte 타겟팅의 합성

펩타이드 면역 친 화성 농축을 사용하여 단백질의 양을 정함은 질량 분광법과 함께

펩티드 에피토프의 정량 분석​​을위한 높은 처리량 MHC II 결합 분석

디지털 핵산 정량 분석​​ 실험의 단순 대량 판독

펩티드 에피토프의 정량 분석을위한 높은 처리량 MHC II 결합 분석

디지털 핵산 정량 분석 실험의 단순 대량 판독