Name: transplantation of tail skin to study allogeneic cd4 t cell responses in mice
Uploaded: 2014-07-25T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 48 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice at JoVE.com

This work was supported by SNF grants PPOOA-_119204 and PPOOP3_144918 to S.W.R. We thank E. Palmer and B.T.H. Hausmann for mice and technical expertise.

이 비디오 간행물 및 프로토콜, 모든 동물의 절차는 주립 기관 바젤 슈타 트, 스위스에서 승인 한 동물 프로토콜에 따라 수행 하였다. 무균 조건 가능한 모든 절차를 수행합니다. 수술 1. 준비 <ol><li> 모든 수술 도구를 압력솥 사용하기 전에 거즈. </li><li> 따뜻한 패드를 가열 테이블 (재료 / 방법의 테이블)에 수술기구를 구성 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 손가락 스트립 붕대를 엽니 다. (가제가 완전히 포함되어 있는지 확인) 면봉으로 상처 패드에 바셀린을 적용합니다. </li><li> 쥐를 달아 진통제 프레 놀핀에게 0.05 ㎎ / ㎏ 체중을 관리 할 수​​ 있습니다. 참고 :이 즉시 이식 후 진통을 제공 할 것입니다. </li></ol> 이식의 꼬리 피부의 2. 준비 <ol><li> CO 2 질식 및 D 당 기증자 마우스 (예를 들어, IA의 BM12)를 안락사절단하기 전에 소독 용액으로 꼬리를 isinfect. </li><li> 깨끗한 플라스틱 보드에 검은 줄무늬 아래로 꼬리를 놓고 중간 라인에 걸쳐 길이 방향으로 잘라, 단지 피부 층을 포함하는 표면 절개. </li><li> 그립 집게를 사용하여 꼬리의 피부를 당겨. </li><li> 10 ㎖ HBSS로 가득 10cm의 세포 배양 접시에 꼬리 피부를 넣습니다. </li></ol> 3. 수술 <ol><li> 투명 유도 상자 3 % 이소 플루오 란 용액 흡입받는 마우스 (예, C57BL / 6)을 마취. 참고 : 마우스가 수술 비행기 마취에 도달하는 것은 3 ~ 5 분입니다. 마취 동안 건조를 방지하기 위해 눈에 수의사 연고를 사용합니다. </li><li> 따뜻한 패드에 마우스를 올려 놓고 발가락이 곤란하여 각 동물의 반사 입 마스크와 엉덩이를 통해 1.5 % 이소 플루오 란을 적용합니다. </li><li> 받는 사람 생쥐의 등쪽 사이트 (예를 들어, C57BL / 6) 면도 마른 거즈 SW를 사용하여 오염 머리카락을 제거AB. </li><li> 무균 용액으로 면도 이식 사이트를 소독. </li><li> 배부의 오른쪽 / 중앙 사이트의 집게로 피부를 조이고 약 1 × 0.6 cm의 원형 절개를 만들기 위해 곡선 가위를 사용합니다. </li><li> 출혈이 발생하는 경우, 멸균 면봉으로 상처를 청소. </li><li> 절개의 크기를 평가하고 메스를 사용하여 꼬리 피부에서 예상 크기의 이식을 잘라. </li><li> 이식을 반올림 모서리를 낸다. </li><li> 멸균 면봉에 메스, HBSS의 건조 초과에 이식을로드하고받는 사람 마우스의 이식 침대에 배치합니다. </li><li> 기증자와 호스트 피부의 중복을 방지하고 독점적으로 접촉 영역에서 조직 접착제를 적용합니다. </li><li> 마우스 허리 주위에 주름없이 석고를 적용합니다. </li><li> 마우스에 석고를 해결하기 위해 접착제가 아닌 탄력 붕대를 적용 (3 MM은 이동). </li><li> 붕대의 상단 복부 사이트의 3mm에 대한 가위로 절개. 주 :이 TR을 피하기위한 것이다복구 단계에서 마우스의 치아 apping. </li><li> 마취 입 마스크를 제거하고 깨어 때까지 가열 패드에 이식 된 쥐를 유지합니다. </li><li> 완전히 복구 된 경우에만 자신의 새장에 이식 된 쥐를 반환하고 붕대가 너무 꽉되지 않도록 자신의 이동성을 평가합니다. </li><li> 다음 수술을 진행하기 전에 70 % 에탄올로 모든 수술기구를 소독. </li></ol> 4. 수술 후 케어 <ol><li> 식수 (4 ㎎ / ㎖)로 해열 함유 시럽을 추가, 7 일 동안을 관리 할 수​​ 있습니다. </li><li> 이 복구되면 동물의 방에 마우스를 반환합니다. </li><li> 밀접하게 붕대 장소 (1 주)에 시간을 우울증이나 다른 행동 변화 (식사 또는 부동), 비정상적인 모양 (손질의 부족) 또는 자세 (pilo 직립 또는 새우등 자세) 등의 임상 증상에 마우스를 모니터링 할 수 있습니다. </li></ol> 5. 붕대 제거 (6 ~ 7 일 후 이식) <ol><li> 마취투명 유도 상자 (위 참조)의 3 % 이소 플루오 란 용액을 흡입 thetize 마우스. </li><li> 동맥 가위 붕대와 석고를 잘라 조심스럽게 제거합니다. 주 : 이식 사이트의 스트레칭 마십시오. </li><li> 임상 증상에 대한 이식 생쥐 (4.3 참조) 모니터 및 피부 이식 (표 1)의 거부에 대한 점수. 주 : 이식 점수 시스템 등의 피부에 비해 꼬리 피부에 다른 머리 질감을 활용합니다. 이식과 거부의 모양은 3 등급으로 분류됩니다. C57BL / 6 마우스의 면역 동종 피부 (MHC II 일치하지 않는, 예를 들어, IA BM12) 이식은 일반적으로 12~15일 포스트 이식 (자신의 데이터와 15 ~ 20)에서 거부됩니다. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

피부 이식은 거부하고 T 세포에 따라 허용 공부를위한 널리 사용되는 방법입니다. 피부 이식 모델이 확립 된 이후, 여러 가지 적응 및 변경 사항이 적용되었습니다. 설명 과정에서 IA BM12 꼬리 피부 이식은 마취 가스 (이소 플루오 란)를 사용하여 수행됩니다. 마취 가스의 사용은 이식 된 생쥐에 응력을 감소 실행 및 생쥐 복구 시간을 감소시킨다. 절차는 귀 또는 등쪽 피부 조직보다 말리는 ...

이러한 피부, 심장, 신장 등 고형 장기의 이식은 지금 전 세계적으로 의료 행위 1의 표준 절차입니다. 성공적으로 장기 이식은 기증자의 주요 조직 적합성 항원을 인식받는 사람의 면역 시스템의 활성화에 의해 거부 될 수 있습니다. 따라서 이식 환자는 면역 억제 약물이 치료가 필요합니다. 생쥐 동종 피부 이식은 1955 년에 메다와 동료에 의해 설립 이후 주요 조직 적합성 복합체 (MHC) 클래스 I 및 II로 기술 대상 분자를 식별하는 데 도움이이었다. 그 이후로, 피부 이식 모델은 연속적으로 수정 및 T 세포 서브 세트의 역할 및 이식 거부 2-4을 억제하는 화학적 및 생물학적 개입의 관련성을 연구하도록 채택되었다. 귀 트렁크에서 피부는 준비하기가 더 어렵습니다 꼬리 피부 5보다 저산소증 및 괴사에 더 민감하다; 그러나,이식 절차는 비슷합니다. 또한 꼬리의 피부 이식의 모니터링으로 인해 피부의 특징적인 머리 짜임새에 용이합니다. 이 문서는 CD4 + T 세포 - 매개 동종 이식 거부 반응 및 생쥐의 허용 오차의 다양한 측면의 연구를 허용 MHC 클래스 II 불일치 꼬리 피부 이식에 대한 자세한 절차를 제공합니다. (IA BM12라고 함) MHC 클래스 II 분자 IA B의 자연 3 점 돌연변이는 6-9 C57BL / 6 마우스 8 피부 동종 이식의 거부 반응을 유발하기에 충분하다. IA의 BM12 분자는 다양한 αβ-T 세포 수용체 Vα2Vβ8-TCR 특정 T 세포의 TCR-트랜스 제닉 마우스 (10)를 생성하기 위해 식별 된 구비 C57BL / 6 생쥐 (TCR) 체인과 CD4 + T 세포를 활성화한다. Vα2Vβ8-TCR 특정 T 세포의 대체 송금 면역 결핍 C57B에서 거부 모델을 수립하는 데 사용되어왔다L / 6 Rag2 - / - IA BM12의 피부에 이식 된 쥐. 기증자와받는 사람 사이의 유전 적 차이는 이식 수용과 거부의 결과에 영향을 미칠. 이식의 다른 유형이있다 :자가 이식받는 사람의 개인 자체에서 이식이다; syngrafts 및 동종 이식은 각각 유 전적으로 동일하고 유 전적으로 관련이없는 개인의 이식입니다. 다른 동종 장기 이식의 수용 환자와 마우스 모델 11,3,4의 화학 및 생물 학적 개입에 의해 증명되었다. 기본적인 접근 방식에서, 항 CD3 항체 처리 C57BL / 6 마우스는 IA BM12 꼬리 피부 (게시되지 않은 데이터)의 장기 생존율을 보였다. 세포받는 생쥐에 이식하기 전에 CD4 +와 CD8 + T의 고갈은 MHC 클래스 I 및 II 일치하지 않는 이식 (12 목사)의 수용의 결과. 흥미롭게도, 피부 이식의 거부 반응은 CD4 +의 존재에 따라 달라집니다 </sup&gt; T 세포 (12 계). 이 모델에서, 규제 T 세포와 항체 억제와 공동 자극 분자를 차단하여 다른 면역 세포 사이의 특정한 상호 작용을 대상으로하는 것은 허용 (게시되지 않은 데이터)를 유도 할 수 있습니다. 실제로, CD40 및 CD28을 모두 차단하는 것은 장기적으로 피부 이식 허용 오차 13, 14되었다. 꼬리 피부 이식은 다른 장기의 이식에 비해 수행하기 쉬운 모니터링하기 쉽습니다. 또한, 꼬리, 피부 이식을 준비하기 쉽고 다른 피부 조직에 비해 국소 빈혈에 덜 민감하다. 주입 마취제 달리, 이식 동안 마취 가스 (이소 플루오 란)의 사용 절차와 수신자 복구 시간을 모두 단축시킨다. 불완전 상처 치유 및 이식 거부로 이어질 수 꼬리 피부 이식의 컬링은, 조직 접착제의인가에 의해 방지된다. 또한, IA BM12 꼬리 피부 이식 모델은 독점적으로 CD4를 활성화 <sup&gt; + (동일한 유전 적 배경) 면역 및 면역 결핍 마우스 모두에서 T 세포는 결과의 해석을 용이. 이 프로토콜은 화학 및 생물 학적 개입을 할 수있는, 신뢰할 수있는 재생 가능한 쉽게 모니터링 마우스 모델에 대해 설명합니다. 이 모델은 테일 피부 이식의 거부와 관용 유도를 조사하기위한 것입니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Betadine standard solution</td><td>Mundipharma</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton swab</td><td>Carl Roth GmbH</td><td>31025060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dafalgan , UPSA</td><td>Bristol Myers Squibb UPSA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hansaplast finger strips</td><td>Beierdorf AG</td><td>REF.76861</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Histoacryl tissue adhesive</td><td>Braun</td><td>REF.1050052</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leukotape classic , 2 cm x 10 m</td><td>BSN Medical SAS</td><td>REF.02204-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS, Phosphate Buffered Saline, pH 7.4</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10010015</td><td>GIBCO</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gauze, 5 x 5 cm, 8 ply</td><td>MaiMed GmbH</td><td>21010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Narrow pattern forceps</td><td>FST</td><td>11003-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine iris scissor curved</td><td>FST</td><td>14095-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fine iris scissor</td><td>FST</td><td>14094-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mayo scissors</td><td>FST</td><td>14010-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Artery scissors ball tip 11.5 cm</td><td>FST</td><td>14080-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue forceps</td><td>FST</td><td>11021-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical blade No. 20</td><td>Swann-Morton LTD</td><td>3006</td><td>Carbon steel</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical blade handles</td><td>Swann-Morton LTD</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 ml</td><td>ARTSANA</td><td></td><td>Disposable</td></tr><tr><td>Temgesic, buprenorphine</td><td>ESSEX Chemie AG</td><td></td><td>0.3 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Culture dishes 10 cm, 60.1 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</td><td>TPP</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vaseline</td><td>Vifor SA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Warm pad</td><td>Solis</td><td></td><td>Type 223</td></tr></tbody></table>

transplantation of tail skin to study allogeneic cd4 t cell responses in mice

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and host T cells, to easily monitor the graft, and to adapt the system in order to answer different immunological questions. Medawar and colleagues established allogeneic tail-skin transplantation in mice in 1955. Since then, the skin transplantation model has been continuously modified and adapted to answer specific questions. The use of tail-skin renders this model easy to score for graft rejection, requires neither extensive preparation nor deep anesthesia, is applicable to animals of all genetic background, discourages ischemic necrosis, and permits chemical and biological intervention. 
In general, both CD4+ and CD8+ allogeneic T cells are responsible for the rejection of allografts since they recognize mismatched major histocompatibility antigens from different mouse strains. Several models have been described for activating allogeneic T cells in skin-transplanted mice. The identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules in different mouse strains including C57BL/6 mice was an important step toward understanding and studying T cell-mediated alloresponses. In the tail-skin transplantation model described here, a three-point mutation (I-Abm12) in the antigen-presenting groove of the MHC-class II (I-Ab) molecule is sufficient to induce strong allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation in C57BL/6 mice. Skin grafts from I-Abm12 mice on C57BL/6 mice are rejected within 12-15 days, while syngeneic grafts are accepted for up to 100 days. The absence of T cells (CD3-/- and Rag2-/- mice) allows skin graft acceptance up to 100 days, which can be overcome by transferring 2 x 104 wild type or transgenic T cells. Adoptively transferred T cells proliferate and produce IFN-&#947; in I-Abm12-transplanted Rag2-/- mice.

첫 번째 방법에서 C57BL / 6 마우스는 IA의 BM12 동종 이식 및 IA B 형 syngrafts 이식되었다. 붕대를 제거한 후, C57BL / 6 마우스 (그림 1A)의 접촉 영역의 폐쇄하지 않고 상처 치유의 명백한 징후를 접목. 붕대를 제거한 후, CD4 + T 세포 매개 염증, 괴사 영역의 모양 (붉은 반점)과 이식 (그림 1B-C, 못 기호) 13 이후 일 이내에 C57BL / 6 마우스의 IA의 BM12 동종</su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice at JoVE.com

Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

Tail-skin transplantation is a powerful model for studying T cell-dependent rejection and tolerance induction during allogeneic immune responses in mice. The advantages of this protocol are minor invasive surgery, and ease of monitoring with no need to sacrifice the recipient mouse.

마우스에 동종 CD4 T 세포 반응을 연구하기 위해 테일 피부 이식

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and ...

transplantation-tail-skin-to-study-allogeneic-cd4-t-cell-responses

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

12.5K 조회수.  University of Basel and University Hospital Basel. Tail-skin transplantation is a powerful model for studying T cell-dependent rejection and tolerance induction during allogeneic immune responses in mice. The advantages of this protocol are minor invasive surgery, and ease of monitoring with no need to sacrifice the recipient mouse.

비디오: Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

Murine Skin Transplantation

As one of the most stringent and least technically challenging models, skin transplantation is a standard method to assay host T cell responses to MHC-disparate donor antigens. The aim of this video-article is to provide the viewer with a step-by-step visual demonstration of skin transplantation using the mouse model. The protocol is divided into 5 main components: 1) harvesting donor skin; 2) preparing recipient for transplant; 3) skin transplant; 4) bandage removal and monitoring graft rejection; 5) helpful hints. Once proficient, the procedure itself should take &lt;10 min to perform.

Allogeneic skin transplantation is a standard model to assay host T cell responses to MHC-disparate donor antigens. This video-article provides a visual tutorial of each step involved in performing a BALB/c--&gt;C57BL/6 skin transplant.

Murine 피부 이식

As one of the most stringent and least technically challenging models, skin transplantation is a standard method to assay host T cell responses to ...

연구

생물학

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting barrier to the broad use of bone marrow transplant as a curative therapy for a variety of hematological deficiencies. GVHD is caused by mature alloreactive T cells present in the bone marrow graft that are infused into the recipient and cause damage to host organs. However, in mice, T cells must be added to the bone marrow inoculum to cause GVHD. Although extensive work has been done to characterize T cell responses post transplant, bioluminescent imaging technology is a non-invasive method to monitor T cell trafficking patterns in vivo. 
Following lethal irradiation, recipient mice are transplanted with bone marrow cells and splenocytes from donor mice. T cell subsets from L2G85.B6 (transgenic mice that constitutively express luciferase) are included in the transplant. By only transplanting certain T cell subsets, one is able to track specific T cell subsets in vivo, and based on their location, develop hypotheses regarding the role of specific T cell subsets in promoting GVHD at various time points. At predetermined intervals post transplant, recipient mice are imaged using a Xenogen IVIS CCD camera. Light intensity can be quantified using Living Image software to generate a pseudo-color image based on photon intensity (red = high intensity, violet = low intensity). 
Between 4-7 days post transplant, recipient mice begin to show clinical signs of GVHD. Cooke et al.1 developed a scoring system to quantitate disease progression based on the recipient mice fur texture, skin integrity, activity, weight loss, and posture. Mice are scored daily, and euthanized when they become moribund. Recipient mice generally become moribund 20-30 days post transplant. 
Murine models are valuable tools for studying the immunology of GVHD. Selectively transplanting particular T cell subsets allows for careful identification of the roles each subset plays. Non-invasively tracking T cell responses in vivo adds another layer of value to murine GVHD models.

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation is a widely used technique to study immunological mechanisms governing graft-versus-host disease in humans. The ability to monitor T cell trafficking patterns in vivo allows for detailed analysis of the development and perpetuation of T cell responses during graft-versus-host disease.

이식 - 대 - 호스트 질병의 유도 및<em&gt; 생체 내</emMHC 검색 손쥐 모델을 사용&gt; T 셀 모니터링

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting barrier to the broad use of bone marrow transplant as a curative therapy for a variety of hematological ...

면역학 및 감염병학

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

T cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in immune responses against tumors, with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) playing the leading role in eradicating cancerous cells. However, the origins and replenishment of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain obscure. This protocol employs the B16F10-OVA melanoma cell line, which stably expresses the surrogate neoantigen, ovalbumin (OVA), and TCR transgenic OT-I mice, in which over 90% of CD8+ T cells specifically recognize the OVA-derived peptide OVA257-264 (SIINFEKL) bound to the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule H2-Kb. These features enable the study of antigen-specific T cell responses during tumorigenesis.
Combining this model with tumor transplantation surgery, tumor tissues from donors were transplanted into tumor-matched syngeneic recipient mice to precisely trace the influx of recipient-derived immune cells into transplanted donor tissues, allowing the analysis of the immune responses of tumor-inherent and periphery-originated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. A dynamic transition was found to occur between these two populations. Collectively, this experimental design has provided another approach to precisely investigate the immune responses of CD8+ T cells in TME, which will shed new light on tumor immunology.

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Here, we present a tumor transplantation protocol for the characterization of tumor-inherent and periphery-derived tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in a mouse tumor model. Specific tracing of the influx of recipient-derived immune cells with flow cytometry reveals the dynamics of the phenotypic and functional changes of these cells during antitumor immune responses.

마우스에서 종양 침윤성 CD8+ T 세포의 역학을 평가하기 위한 종양 이식

T cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in immune responses against tumors, with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) playing the leading role in ...

암 연구학

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. We describe here an experimental colitis model that is initiated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic splenic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into T and B cell deficient recipient mice. The CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell population that largely consists of na&#239;ve effector cells is capable of inducing chronic intestinal inflammation, closely resembling key aspects of human IBD. This method can be manipulated to study aspects of disease onset and progression. Additionally it can be used to study the function of innate, adaptive, and regulatory immune cell populations, and the role of environmental exposures, i.e., the microbiota, in intestinal inflammation. In this article we illustrate the methodology for inducing colitis with a step-by-step protocol. This includes a video demonstration of key technical aspects required to successfully develop this murine model of experimental colitis for research purposes.

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Here, we present a protocol to induce colonic inflammation in mice by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into T and B cell deficient recipients. Clinical and histopathological features mimic human inflammatory bowel diseases. This method allows the study of the initiation of colonic inflammation and progression of disease.

이펙터 CD4의 입양 전송하여 쥐과 장내 염증의 유도<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD45RB<sup&gt; 높은</sup&gt; 면역 결핍 마우스에게 T 세포

There are many different animal models available for studying the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), each with its own advantages ...

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral tissues through an as-yet undefined mechanism. The application of multiphoton microscopy to the study of the immune system provides a tool to measure the dynamics of immune responses within intact tissues. Here we present a protocol for non-invasive intravital multiphoton imaging of CD4 T cells in the inflamed mouse ear dermis. Use of a custom imaging platform and a venous catheter allows for the visualization of CD4 T cell dynamics in the dermal interstitium, with the ability to interrogate these cells in real-time via the addition of blocking antibodies to key molecular components involved in motility. This system provides advantages over both in vitro models and surgically invasive imaging procedures. Understanding the pathways used by CD4 T cells for motility may ultimately provide insight into the basic function of CD4 T cells as well as the pathogenesis of both autoimmune diseases and pathology from chronic infections.

The mechanisms that govern the interstitial motility of CD4 effector T cells at sites of inflammation are relatively unknown. We present a non-invasive approach to visualize and manipulate in vitro-primed CD4 T cells in the inflamed ear dermis, allowing for study of the dynamic behavior of these cells in situ.

염증이 진피의 이미징 CD4 T 세포 간질 마이그레이션

The ability of CD4 T cells to carry out effector functions is dependent upon the rapid and efficient migration of these cells in inflamed peripheral ...

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established in vivo model to study alloimmune response and graft rejection. Despite its limited application to humans, skin transplantation in mice has been widely employed for transplantation research. The procedure is easy to learn and perform, and it does not require delicate microsurgical techniques nor extensive training. Moreover, graft rejection in this model occurs in a very reproducible immunological reaction and is easily monitored by direct inspection and palpation. In addition, secondary skin transplantation with donor-matched or third-party skin grafts can be performed on more complex transplant models as an alternative and uncomplicated method to assess donor-specific tolerance. The complications are low and are in general limited to anesthesia overdose or respiratory distress after the procedure. Graft failure, on the other hand, occurs commonly as a result of poor preparation of the graft, incorrect positioning in the graft bed, or inappropriate placement of the bandage. In this article, we present a protocol for full-thickness skin transplantation in mice and describe the important steps necessary for a successful procedure.

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established model to study rejection in an alloimmune setting. Here, we provide a tutorial of each step involved in performing a BALB/c--&#62;C57BL/6 full-thickness skin transplant.

쥐의 전체 두께 피부 이식

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established in vivo model to study alloimmune response and graft rejection. Despite its limited ...

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

마우스에서 소성을 뒷다리 이식

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

의학

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice are produced by transplanting human cells into immune deficient mice. These models are an important tool for studying the mechanisms of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and are the gold standard for identifying effective chemotherapies for many malignancies. PDX models are possible because many of the mouse cytokines also act on human cells. However, this is not the case for all cytokines, including many that are critical for studying normal and malignant hematopoiesis in human cells. Techniques that engineer mice to produce human cytokines (transgenic and knock-in models) require significant expense before the usefulness of the model has been demonstrated. Other techniques are labor intensive (injection of recombinant cytokine or lentivirus) and in some cases require high levels of technical expertise (hydrodynamic injection of DNA). This report describes a simple method for generating PDX mice that have exogenous human cytokine (TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin) via weekly intraperitoneal injection of stroma that have been transduced to overexpress this cytokine. Use of this method provides an in vivo source of continuous cytokine production that achieves physiological levels of circulating human cytokine in the mouse. Plasma levels of human cytokine can be varied based on the number of stromal cells injected, and cytokine production can be initiated at any point in the experiment. This method also includes cytokine-negative control mice that are similarly produced, but through intraperitoneal injection of stroma transduced with a control vector. We have previously demonstrated that leukemia cells harvested from TSLP-expressing PDX, as compared to control PDX, exhibit a gene expression pattern more like the original patient sample. Together the cytokine-producing and cytokine-negative PDX mice produced by this method provide a model system that we have used successfully to study the role of TSLP in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.

Cytokine-induced stromal cell line 주입에 의한 환자 유래 이종 이식편에서의 외인성 사이토 카인의 발현

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice are produced by transplanting human cells into immune deficient mice. These models are an important tool for studying ...

Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective therapy for hematological malignancies due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect to eradicate tumors. However, its application is limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of BMT. GVHD is evoked when T-cells in the donor grafts recognizealloantigen expressed by recipient cells and mount unwanted immunological attacks against recipient healthy tissues. Thus, traditional therapies are designed to suppress donor T-cell alloreactivity. However, these approaches substantially impair the GVL effect so that the recipient&#39;s survival is not improved. Understanding the effects of therapeutic approaches on BMT, GVL, and GVHD, is thus essential. Due to the antigen-presenting and cytokine-secreting capacities to stimulate donor T-cells, recipient dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in the induction of GVHD. Therefore, targeting recipient DCs becomes a potential approach for controlling GVHD. This work provides a description of a novel BMT platform to investigate how host DCs regulate GVH and GVL responses after transplantation. Also presented is an effective BMT model to study the biology of GVHD and GVL after transplantation.

Graft-versus-host disease is a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Dendritic cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease. The current article describes a novel bone marrow transplantation platform to investigate the role of dendritic cells in the development of graft-versus-host disease and the graft-versus-leukemia effect.

이식대 숙주 질환에서 수지상 세포의 역할을 조사하는 골수 이식 플랫폼

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective therapy for hematological malignancies due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect to ...

Adoptive Cell Transfer: Introducing Donor Mouse Splenocytes to a Host Mouse and Assessing Success via FACS

Source: Meunier Sylvain1,2,3, Perchet Thibaut1,2,3, Sophie Novault4, Rachel Golub1,2,3 
1 Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France 
2 INSERM U1223, Paris, France 
3 Universit&#233; Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit&#233;, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France 
4 Flow Cytometry Platfrom, Cytometry and Biomarkers UtechS, Center for Translational Science, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
Adoptive cell transfer is a method for introducing cells into a patient or study organism in order to treat a disease or study a biological process, such as haematopoiesis. Aims of adoptive transfer are various; it can be used in fundamental biology as well as in medical sciences (1, 2). In mouse models, migration and distribution of transferred cells can be studied and followed by a tracking system (cell surface marker, staining by CFSE, etc.). In cancer studies on mouse models, transfer of specific cell populations can be used as experimental treatment against tumors. Another example for this technique is creation of chimeric mice by transfer of bone marrow cells to irradiated mice or mice with a severe immunodeficiency phenotype. This mouse model can be used to assess the impact of gene deletion on a specific cell population for instance. Transfer of bone borrow cells is also used in human medical treatment. When patients are irradiated in case of cancer therapy, adoptive transfer of bone marrow allows immune system reconstitution.
The first step in this technique is to obtain the cell population of interest. The technique chosen to isolate this population depends on the level of specificity of the targeted population. The largest level of selection is the whole organ, in which all cell populations present in the organ are taken. A more precise method is selection of a target cell population, often selected by one cell surface marker. The ideal method to sort cells in this case is by magnetic sorting. Finally, the most stringent level is the selection of cells by several cell surface markers to sort very specific cell populations. Flow cytometry sorting is the most popular method for this level of selection. Once population of interest is obtained, it can be transferred to the host. Before adoptive transfer it is essential to ensure compatibility between host and donor. Indeed, regardless of transfer goal, compatibility is crucial to assure cells adoption by the host without cells rejection.
In this lab exercise, we demonstrate the adoptive cell transfer technique by transferring splenocytes from a CD45.2 mouse into a CD45.1 Rag&#947;c mouse (lacking lymphocytes) and four days later confirm the splenocytes transfer using flow cytometry (see Figure 1).
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/10504/10504fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Schematic representation of adoptive transfer. (1) Splenocytes are isolated from CD45.2 mice and (2) transferred in CD45.1 Rag&#947;c mouse, control mouse is injected with PBS only. (3) 4 days after adoptive transfer, splenocytes are recovered from mice and (4) analyzed by flow cytometry. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/10504/10504fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

마우스에 동종 CD4 T 세포 반응을 연구하기 위해 테일 피부 이식

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

Murine 피부 이식

이식 - 대 - 호스트 질병의 유도 및

마우스에서 종양 침윤성 CD8⁺ T 세포의 역학을 평가하기 위한 종양 이식

이펙터 CD4의 입양 전송하여 쥐과 장내 염증의 유도

염증이 진피의 이미징 CD4 T 세포 간질 마이그레이션

쥐의 전체 두께 피부 이식

마우스에서 소성을 뒷다리 이식

Cytokine-induced stromal cell line 주입에 의한 환자 유래 이종 이식편에서의 외인성 사이토 카인의 발현

이식대 숙주 질환에서 수지상 세포의 역할을 조사하는 골수 이식 플랫폼

입양 세포 전송: 기증자 쥐 비장 세포를 숙주 쥐에 도입 후 FACS를 통한 성공 평가