Name: murine distal colostomy, a novel model of diversion colitis in c57bl/6 mice
Uploaded: 2018-07-12T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 20 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice at JoVE.com

ここで説明したすべてのメソッドは、獣医当局 (Landesamt für Lebensmittelsicherheit und Fischerei メクレンブルク = フォアポンメルン州、Landwirtschaft (LALLF M-V)) によって承認されています。
1. 術前のケア、動物の準備
<ol><li>動物施設の到着, 動物 (C57Bl/6) を同じようなサイズのグループに分割、各グループを一緒に、ケージ、グループを実験を通じて一定に保ちます。 注: は、同じ性別の動物を使用します。結果は、雄マウスが得られました。 注: オスの動物を使用する階層を確立できるように、彼らは 7 週齢時に一緒に開始ケージ グループ場合を最小限に抑える積極的な行動のリスク実験中。</li>
	<li>術前に少なくとも 1 週間は高エネルギーに切り替える (> 14 MJ/kg) と高蛋白質 (> 20%) すべての必須微量元素とビタミンを含むフィード (詳細については、資料の一覧を参照してください)。 注: 手術が実行されるすべてのマウスの重量を量る、少なくとも 25 g を保証します。</li>
	<li>87 mg/kg (i. p.) ケタミンおよび塩酸キシラジン 13 mg/kg (i. p.) の腹腔内投与による麻酔と鎮痛を誘発します。マウスは、機械的刺激、例えばつま先ピッチ、モーターの応答なしを許容するまで待機します。</li>
	<li>安定操作中の位置と体の熱の圧倒的な損失を回避する保証操作デスクに配置熱アンダーレイの仰臥位でテープで麻酔マウスを保護します。 メモ: 熱アンダーレイが必要表面温度は 36 の ° C ~ 40 ° C;手術室の温度は 21 ° c. にする必要があります。</li>
</ol>2. 遠位結腸の操作
<ol><li>腹部の毛を剃る。手術を開始する前に、iodophor 3 回 70% アルコールを使用して術野を消毒します。無菌を保証する [操作] フィールドにドレープします。</li>
	<li>腹部の筋肉と白線に沿って腹膜を切開によって 15 mm 正中開腹を行うアルバ、血液の損失を最小限に抑える。</li>
	<li>2 つの DeBakey 非外科的鉗子を使用、盲腸、回腸末端と昇順と横行結腸を腹膜腔から慎重に引き出します。 注: 腸間膜構造への損傷を防ぐために腸の機械操作を厳密に制限するように気をつけてください。</li>
	<li>盲腸のポール、上行結腸、小腸 (図 1 a と 1 b) を特定します。 注: 上行結腸の正しい認識は、人工肛門の正しい配置のための基礎です。回盲部の解剖学があいまいな場合、パイエル板の存在が、小腸を識別し、形成された便の存在を特徴付けるコロン。</li>
	<li>将来の人工肛門の位置を決定するのにには、定規を使用します。する必要があります配置する 20 mm 遠位結腸の回盲弁の遠位。</li>
	<li>右上の象限に腹部壁で 2 番目 3 mm 切開を行います。この切開ループを歪曲しないように注意して、ループを形成する以前に識別されたコロン セグメントを引き出します。</li>
	<li>結腸間膜 22 ゲージ フレキシブル静脈カニューレを慎重に渡します。腸間膜の血管の構造を損傷しないように注意してください。</li>
	<li>腸を腹腔内に戻ります。</li>
	<li>シンプルなステッチと (例えば、polyglactin 910 または polyfil 4 0 1/2 c) 吸収性縫合糸を使用して肌にフレキシブル チューブの両端を修正します。</li>
	<li>術中を閉じる前に 0.5 mL 0.9% 生理食塩水の腹腔内注入による輸液蘇生を実行します。</li>
	<li>(例えば、 polyglactin 910 または polyfil 4 0 1/2 c) 吸収性縫合糸を用いた連続縫合と腹膜、筋層を閉じます。(例えば、polyglactin 910 または polyfil 4 0 1/2 c) 吸収性縫合糸を用いた連続縫合と皮膚を閉じます。</li>
	<li>高級シザーを使用して小計離断を実行して外在化した大腸ループを開きます。腸間膜をすべて避けてください。完全にコロンをトランセクトないです。</li>
	<li>腹膜に 3 つのシングル全層ステッチを使用して各人工肛門開口部を修正し、monofil、吸収性縫合糸を使用して皮膚 (例えば、polydioxanone または monofil 6 0 3/8 s)。機能的なエンド-人工肛門は、求心性のループと粘液瘻は、遠心性のループはこの時点で (図 1 c) 明確に分離します。 注: 流体と熱損失を制限する 20 分未満は、手術時間がする必要があります。</li>
	<li>後外科を仕上げ消毒機器メーカーの指示に従って超音波風呂でアルデヒド無料で消毒液を使用しています。</li>
</ol>3. 偽操作 (Colotomy)
<ol><li>1.1 の手順に従います。through 2.4。</li>
	<li>将来の colotomy の位置を決定するのにには、定規を使用します。Colotomy には、実験群で人工肛門と回盲弁から同じ距離を位置づける必要があります。</li>
	<li>コロンを開く少なくとも 2/3 高級はさみを使用して円周。</li>
	<li>すぐ単独のレイヤーと colotomy、全層中断 monofil 吸収性縫合糸で縫合 (例えばpolydioxanone、monofil 6 0 3/8 s)。 注: 操作時間は実験外科医、流体、熱損失を制限するために 20 分未満をする必要があります。</li>
	<li>2.10 の手順に従います。、2.11。2.14。</li>
</ol>4. 術後のケア
<ol><li>動物を檻に戻ります。37 ° c (例えば、赤外線ランプで) よく調律された雰囲気を提供してマウスが完全に目を覚ましまで。その後、(21 ° C; 30% ± 10% 相対湿度)、温度と湿度調整の環境でマウスを維持します。食品や飲料水への無料アクセスを許可します。流体吸収しやすく、水に浸した動物飼料を提供します。</li>
	<li>0.1 mg/kg 本体重量ブプレノルフィンを注入することにより術後鎮痛を開始サウスカロライナ動物は機械的刺激に対する応答を表示するとき。呼吸抑制を回避するように注意します。</li>
	<li>最初の術後 1 週間の間に継続的な鎮痛の mg/ml 1 つトラマドールと飲料水を補足します。</li>
	<li>ために水分摂取量減少を補うためにモビリティを縮小した、最初の術後 1 週間の間に檻の中の固体を飲むパッドを供給します。</li>
	<li>最初の週、最初の月の残りの部分の間に 1 日おき、クラインオートらに記載されている疾患重症度スコアを使用して 2 番目の月の間に 3 日おきに毎日動物と動物行動のスコアを比較検討します。6。</li>
</ol>

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すべての著者は、彼らは競争の興味があることを宣言します。

確実にこのプロトコルで発表した DC のマウスモデルを再現 (例えば、炎症を起こして腸セグメント、ショートニング、クリプト、削減の粘膜下組織にリンパ濾胞のde novo開発人間の DC の病理組織学的特徴炎のゴブレット細胞数)。この利点は別として、このモデルは非常に類似したトリガー因子によって誘導される、という場合に最も影響を受ける人間の中等度軽度からの臨床経?...

近年では、非感染性大腸炎エンティティから古典的な炎症性腸疾患 (IBDs; 別の相当な数i.e。、Crohn 病や大腸炎潰瘍性) ヒトの病理組織学的および臨床的に特徴づけられています。これらの大腸炎のフォームの開発につながる病態生理学的メカニズム理解されていません完全に部分的に適切な動物モデルが不足しているため。転用性大腸炎は、これらの最近記述されているエンティティの 1 つです。用語は、Glotzer1によって 1980 年に鋳造されたが類似した表現型の最初の説明は、Morson2によって 1972 年に与えられました。病気が 50% から流用、腸瘻患者の 91% の開発し、その臨床強度変化3,4。アメリカ合衆国で約 120,000 の人工肛門患者の年間発生率を考えると、この病気の実体は、重要な健康問題を構成します。
このプロトコルの開発の全体的な目標は、人間 DC に見られるような大腸炎トリガーに依存していると、人間の病気の主な病理組織学的特徴を再現したマウスモデル DC を提供することでした。我々 のモデルの大腸炎誘発は遺伝子組み換え動物 (例えばIL-7 トランスジェニック マウス、N-カドヘリン支配的否定的なマウス、または TGFβ-/-マウス)、他のマウス大腸炎モデルと対照をなして不要の応用化学刺激物質 (例えば、デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム (DSS) - 誘導大腸炎やトリニトロ スルホン酸 (TNBS) - 誘発大腸炎)、または (CD45RB の高速転送のように免疫欠損マウスにおける特定のセル人口の転送大腸炎モデル) (レビュー、5を参照してください)。他のモデルとは対照的 DC モデルのままの免疫システムにより免疫機構の評価、DC 開発に携わる。除外された腸重積に粘膜の炎症の制限により腸管の他の免疫の区画内免疫恒常性に、消化管の他の部分の粘膜免疫にその反響の (など、パイエル板のパッチと mesenteriale リンパ節) と全体の生物の免疫恒常性。最後に、我々 のモデルは、消化の抗原と同様、両方のローカル マイクロバイ通常ローカル環境の変化から発生した局所の炎症性刺激を制御するメカニズムを調査するために適切なツールを構成します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Operation material&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>heat underlay, 6 watt</td><td>ThermoLux, Witte + Sutor GmbH</td><td>461265</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol 70% (with methylethylketon)</td><td>Pharmacie of the University Hospital Greifswald</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wooden applicators, small cotton head onesided, wooden stick, 150 mm length</td><td>Centramed GmbH, Germany</td><td>8308370</td><td>for disinfection of operation field</td></tr><tr><td>Scissor</td><td>Aesculap (BRAUN)</td><td>BC064R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Atraumatic DeBakey forceps</td><td>Aesculap (BRAUN)</td><td>OC021R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder</td><td>Aesculap (BRAUN)</td><td>BM012R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vasofix Safety &lt;em&gt;i.v.&lt;/em&gt; cannula 22G</td><td>Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td><td>4268091S-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>VICRYL Plus 4-0 violet braided; V-5 17 m 1/2c; 70 cm</td><td>ETHICON, Inc.</td><td>VCP994H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDS II 6-0 monofil; V-18 13 mm 3/8c; 70 cm</td><td>ETHICON, Inc.</td><td>Z991H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD Plastipak 1 mL (Syringes with needle with sterile interior)</td><td>BD Medical</td><td>305501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triacid-N (N-Dodecylpropan-1,3-diamin)</td><td>ANTISEPTICA, Germany</td><td>18824-01</td><td>disinfection of surgical instruments in ultrasonic bath</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Medications&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ketamine 10%, 100 mg/mL (ketamine hydrochloride)</td><td>selectavet, Dr. Otto Fischer GmbH</td><td>9089.01.00</td><td>87 mg/kg &lt;em&gt;i.p.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Xylasel, 20 mg/mL (xylazine hydrochloride)</td><td>selectavet, Dr. Otto Fischer GmbH</td><td>400300.00.00</td><td>13 mg/kg &lt;em&gt;i.p.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>NaCl 0.9%</td><td>Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td><td>6697366.00.00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenovet 0.3 mg/mL (buprenorphine)</td><td>Bayer, Germany</td><td>PZN: 01498870</td><td>0.1 mg/kg &lt;em&gt;s.c.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Tramal Drops, 100 mg/mL (tramadol hydrochloride)</td><td>Gr&amp;uuml;nenthal GmbH, Germany</td><td>10116838</td><td>1 mg/mL drinking water</td></tr><tr><td>Ceftriaxon-saar 2 g (ceftriaxone)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Cephasaar GmbH, Germany</td><td>PZN: 08844252</td><td>25 mg/kg body weight &lt;em&gt;i.p.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>metronidazole 5 mg/mL</td><td>Braun Melsungen AG, Germany</td><td>PZN: 05543515</td><td>12.5 mg/kg body weight &lt;em&gt;i.p.&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Food&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ssniff M-Z Ereich</td><td>ssniff, Germany</td><td>&amp;nbsp;V1184-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Solid Drink Dehyprev Vit BIO, pouches</td><td>TripleATrading, the Netherlands</td><td>SDSHPV-75</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nikon Eclipse Ci-L</td><td>Nikon Instruments Europe BV, Germany</td><td></td><td>light microscopy</td></tr><tr><td>VetScan HM 5&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Abaxis, USA</td><td>770-9000</td><td>Veterinary hematology analyzer of 50 &amp;micro;l venous EDTA-blood</td></tr><tr><td>Bandelin SONOREX (Ultrasonic bath)</td><td>Bandelin electronics, Germany</td><td>RK 100 H</td><td>disinfection of surgical instruments</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Software&lt;/em&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NIS-Element BR4 software</td><td>Nikon Instruments Europe BV, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GraphPad Prism Version 6</td><td>GraphPad Software, Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

murine distal colostomy, a novel model of diversion colitis in c57bl/6 mice

転用性大腸炎 (DC) は、転用の生存の結果として糞便のストリームから除外腸セグメントを持つ患者で発生する頻繁に臨床状態です。この病気の病因は不明確なままですが、古典的な炎症性腸疾患クローン病と潰瘍性大腸炎などの違いが表示されます。この病気の開発につながる病態生理学的メカニズムを解読する研究は、深刻な適切なマウスモデルの欠如によって妨げられています。このプロトコルは、免疫システムの役割と DC の開発でマイクロバイとの相互作用の研究を容易にする DC のマウスモデルを生成します。このモデルは c57bl/6 動物を使用して、コロンの遠位部分は遠位人工肛門を作成する、除外された腸のセグメントで炎症を軽度から中等度の開発をトリガーし、人間の特徴病変を再現によって、糞便のストリームから除外します。中程度の全身性炎症反応と DC。ラット モデルと対照をなして C57BL/6 の背景に遺伝子組換えマウス モデルの多数があります。これらの動物モデルの組み合わせにより、個々 のサイトカイン、ケモカイン、または (例えばインターロイキン (IL)-17; 生理活性分子の受容体の潜在的な役割スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸受容体 4 CXCR5 と CCR7、ケモカイン受容体、ケモカイン CXCL13 IL-10) DC の病因に評価されます。C57BL/6 背景にコンジェニック マウス系統の可用性は主として DC の病因に関与する細胞の種類の役割を確立する転送実験を促進します。最後に、モデルは粘膜免疫の影響を受けると以外-影響を受ける腸セグメントにローカル介入 (例えば、ローカル マイクロバイまたは局所抗炎症療法の変更) の影響を評価する機会を提供していますとの全身免疫恒常性。

手術は忍容実験 (人工肛門) と偽 (colotomy) グループの両方。手術および周術期管理が正しく実行されると、周術期死亡率は 10% を超えてはなりません。最初の術後 1 週間実験と偽の両方のグループで有意な体重減少が見られます。偽のグループの動物達成術後四日の方の通常の重量のどん底が実験群で後 1 日が発生します。体重減少は初期体重の 21.7% に達し, 実験群で?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice at JoVE.com

Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

マウスの遠位人工肛門、転用 c57bl/6 マウス大腸炎の新たなモデル

マウスの遠位人工肛門は、人間転換大腸炎、糞便のストリームから除外コロン セグメントで主にリンパ球性大腸炎のマウスモデルを提供します。

Diversion colitis (DC) is a frequent clinical condition occurring in patients with bowel segments excluded from the fecal stream as a result of a ...

murine-distal-colostomy-novel-model-diversion-colitis-c57bl6

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.8K ビュー.  Universitätsmedizin Greifswald. マウスの遠位人工肛門は、人間転換大腸炎、糞便のストリームから除外コロン セグメントで主にリンパ球性大腸炎のマウスモデルを提供します。

ビデオ: Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, colorectal cancer mouse models based on tumor cell injection have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. Genetically engineered mouse models have been introduced to overcome these limitations; however, such models are technically demanding, especially in large organs such as the colon in which only a single tumor is desired.
As a result, an immunocompetent, genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal cancer was developed which develops highly uniform tumors and can be used for tumor biology studies as well as therapeutic trials. Tumor development is initiated by surgical, segmental infection of the distal colon with adeno-cre virus in compound conditionally mutant mice. The tumors can be easily detected and monitored via colonoscopy. We here describe the surgical technique of segmental adeno-cre infection of the colon, the surveillance of the tumor via high-resolution colonoscopy and present the resulting colorectal tumors.

A protocol for the establishment of a genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal cancer by segmental adeno-cre infection and its surveillance via high-resolution colonoscopy is presented.

散発性結腸直腸癌の遺伝子操作マウスモデル

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, colorectal cancer mouse models based on tumor cell injection have severe limitations ...

がん研究

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) over healthy individuals. This risk is proportional to the duration and extent of disease, with a cumulative incidence as high as 30% in individuals with longstanding UC with widespread colonic involvement.1 Colonic dysplasia in IBD and colitis associated cancer (CAC) are believed to develop as a result of repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair while these cells are bathed in a chronic inflammatory cytokine milieu.2 While spontaneous and colitis-associated cancers share the quality of being adenocarcinomas, the sequence of underlying molecular events is believed to be different.3 This distinction argues the need for specific animal models of CAC.
Several mouse models currently exist for the study of CAC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium, can be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles to create a chronic inflammatory state. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors.4 Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice with genetic mutations in tumorigenesis pathways (APC, p53, Msh2), as well as mice pre-treated with genotoxic agents (azoxymethane [AOM], 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH]).5 
The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Though they have a shared mechanism, AOM has been found to be more potent and stable in solution than DMH. While tumor development in other models generally requires several months, mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks.6, 7 Finally, AOM and DSS can be administered to mice of any genetic background (knock out, transgenic, etc.) without cross-breeding to a specific tumorigenic strain. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for inflammation-driven colonic tumorigenesis in mice utilizing a single injection of AOM followed by three seven-day cycles of DSS over a 10 week period. This model induces tumors with histological and molecular changes closely resembling those occurring in human CAC and provides a highly valuable model for the study of oncogenesis and chemoprevention in this disease.8

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane AOM and Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

We demonstrate a protocol in which administration of the genotoxic agent azoxymethane (AOM) followed by three cycles of the pro-inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) rapidly and consistently generates colon tumors in mice with morphologic and molecular similarities to those seen in human colitis-associated cancer.

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal ...

医学

The Citrobacter rodentium Mouse Model: Studying Pathogen and Host Contributions to Infectious Colitis

This protocol outlines the steps required to produce a robust model of infectious disease and colitis, as well as the methods used to characterize Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. C. rodentium is a gram negative, murine specific bacterial pathogen that is closely related to the clinically important human pathogens enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Upon infection with C. rodentium, immunocompetent mice suffer from modest and transient weight loss and diarrhea. Histologically, intestinal crypt elongation, immune cell infiltration, and goblet cell depletion are observed. Clearance of infection is achieved after 3 to 4 weeks. Measurement of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, bacterial load, and histological damage at different time points after infection, allow the characterization of mouse strains susceptible to infection.
The virulence mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens colonize the intestinal tract of their hosts, as well as specific host responses that defend against such infections are poorly understood. Therefore the C. rodentium model of enteric bacterial infection serves as a valuable tool to aid in our understanding of these processes. Enteric bacteria have also been linked to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). It has been hypothesized that the maladaptive chronic inflammatory responses seen in IBD patients develop in genetically susceptible individuals following abnormal exposure of the intestinal mucosal immune system to enteric bacteria. Therefore, the study of models of infectious colitis offers significant potential for defining potentially pathogenic host responses to enteric bacteria. C. rodentium induced colitis is one such rare model that allows for the analysis of host responses to enteric bacteria, furthering our understanding of potential mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis; essential in the development of novel preventative and therapeutic treatments.

The Citrobacter rodentium Mouse Model: Studying Pathogen and Host Contributions to Infectious Colitis

Citrobacter rodentium infection provides a valuable model to study enteric bacterial infections as well as host immune responses and colitis in mice. This protocol outlines the measurement of barrier integrity, pathogen load and histological damage allowing for the thorough characterization of pathogen and host contributions to murine infectious colitis.

ザ<em&gt;シトロrodentium</em&gt;マウスモデル：感染性大腸炎に勉強病原体とホスト貢献

This protocol  outlines the steps required to produce a robust model of infectious disease and  colitis, as well as the methods used to characterize ...

免疫・感染学

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

The use of modern endoscopy for research purposes has greatly facilitated our understanding of gastrointestinal pathologies. In particular, experimental endoscopy has been highly useful for studies that require repeated assessments in a single laboratory animal, such as those evaluating mechanisms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease and the progression of colorectal cancer. However, the methods used across studies are highly variable. At least three endoscopic scoring systems have been published for murine colitis and published protocols for the assessment of colorectal tumors fail to address the presence of concomitant colonic inflammation. This study develops and validates a reproducible endoscopic scoring system that integrates evaluation of both inflammation and tumors simultaneously. This novel scoring system has three major components: 1) assessment of the extent and severity of colorectal inflammation (based on perianal findings, transparency of the wall, mucosal bleeding, and focal lesions), 2) quantitative recording of tumor lesions (grid map and bar graph), and 3) numerical sorting of clinical cases by their pathological and research relevance based on decimal units with assigned categories of observed lesions and endoscopic complications (decimal identifiers). The video and manuscript presented herein were prepared, following IACUC-approved protocols, to allow investigators to score their own experimental mice using a well-validated and highly reproducible endoscopic methodology, with the system option to differentiate distal from proximal endoscopic colitis (D-PECS).

Over the past few years, new generation endoscopes have emerged as important diagnostic research aids for evaluating murine colitis and colorectal tumors. We present herein a detailed protocol for endoscopic assessment of inflammation and colorectal tumors in mice, as well as a novel scoring system that uses decimal identifiers to document the endoscopic severity of colitis and colorectal tumors.

検証済みの内視鏡スコアリングシステムを使用して、大腸炎および結腸直腸腫瘍の重症度を評価するためにマウスでの柔軟な大腸内視鏡検査

The use of modern endoscopy for research purposes has greatly facilitated our understanding of gastrointestinal pathologies. In particular, experimental ...

Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of Crohn&rsquo;s Disease - Crohn&rsquo;s Colitis. Acute colitis may present with abdominal pain and distention, malabsorption, diarrhea, hematochezia and mucus in the stool. We are beginning to understand the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and animal models of colitis have been essential in advancing our understanding of this disease. One popular model involves supplementing the drinking water of mice with low-molecular weight Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS), resulting in epithelial damage and a robust inflammatory response in the colon lasting several days 1.Variations of this approach can be used to model acute injury, acute injury followed by repair, and repeated cycles of DSS interspersed with recovery modeling chronic inflammatory diseases 2. After a single four-day treatment of 3% DSS in drinking water, mice show signs of acute colitis including weight loss, bloody stools, and diarrhea. Mice are euthanized at the conclusion of the treatment course and at necropsy dissected colons are processed and can be 'Swiss rolled" 3 to allow microscopic analysis of the entire colon or infused with formalin as "sausages" to allow macroscopic analysis. Tissue is then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained for histologic review.

Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administered in the drinking water is an established murine inflammatory injury model of acute colitis. This protocol outlines the method for DSS treatment and the preparation of tissues.

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）を用いたマウス大腸炎モデル

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of ...

生物学

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and Parkinson&#8217;s disease. To study the function of the appendix, a gut disease-associated murine appendectomy model has been established and its step-by-step protocol is described here. This report introduces a facile protocol for caecal patch removal in mice followed by the chemical induction of chronic colitis-associated colorectal cancer using a combination of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM). IgA specific cells and IgA concentration were significantly reduced upon removal of the caecal patch in male C57BL/6 mice&#160;compared to those in the sham group. Simultaneously administering 2% DSS and AOM resulted in nearly 80% mice survival in both sham and appendectomy groups without significant body weight loss. Histological results confirmed colonic inflammation and different degrees of adenocarcinoma. This model can be used for the study of the functional role of the appendix in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis and pathogenesis of gut colitis and malignancies, as well as for the potential development of drug targeting therapies.

The presented protocol describes a facile surgical removal of the appendix (caecal patch) in a mouse followed by the induction of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. This murine appendectomy model enables investigation of the biological role of the appendix in the pathogenesis of human gastrointestinal disease.

慢性大腸炎関連大腸癌のマウス虫垂切除モデル、ケーカルパッチの正確な局在化

The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal ...

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including tumorous growths. However, the cellular remodeling mechanisms involved in, and caused by, intestinal obstructions are poorly understood. Several animal models of intestinal obstructions have been developed, but the mouse model is the most cost/time effective. The mouse model uses the surgical implantation of an intestinal partial obstruction (PO) that has a high mortality rate if it is not performed correctly. In addition, mice receiving PO surgery fail to develop hypertrophy if an appropriate blockade is not used or not properly placed. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for PO surgery which produces reliable and reproducible intestinal obstructions with a very low mortality rate. This protocol utilizes a surgically placed silicone ring that surrounds the ileum which partially blocks digestive movement in the small intestine. The partial blockage makes the intestine become dilated due to the halt of digestive movement. The dilation of the intestine induces smooth muscle hypertrophy on the oral side of the ring that progressively develops over 2 weeks until it causes death. The surgical PO mouse model offers an in vivo model of hypertrophic intestinal tissue useful for studying pathological changes of intestinal cells including smooth muscle cells (SMC), interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFR&#945;+, and neuronal cells during the development of intestinal obstruction.

Intestinal obstructions are a partial or complete blockage of the intestine that can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and preventing the passage of stool. This procedure for creating intestinal partial obsructions in mice is reliable in studying the mechanisms underlying pathological cell growth and death in the intestine.

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...

A Technique to Generate a Murine Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

Source: Du, Y., et al. <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/58668">Effects of Taste Signaling Protein Abolishment on Gut Inflammation in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
This video demonstrates a technique to generate a chemical-induced murine model of colitis &#8212; an inflammatory bowel disease. The mouse is allowed to consume a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for an adequate duration. Upon consumption, DSS damages the mucus and epithelial layer barrier in the colon, allowing gut microbes to enter the underlying tissue &#8212; where they are sensed by the resident immune cells to mediate an exaggerated immune response, resulting in inflammation.

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム誘発性大腸炎のマウスモデル作製技術

Source: Du, Y., et al. Effects of Taste Signaling Protein Abolishment on Gut Inflammation in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model. J. Vis. Exp. ...

マウスの遠位人工肛門、転用 c57bl/6 マウス大腸炎の新たなモデル

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散発性結腸直腸癌の遺伝子操作マウスモデル

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

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検証済みの内視鏡スコアリングシステムを使用して、大腸炎および結腸直腸腫瘍の重症度を評価するためにマウスでの柔軟な大腸内視鏡検査

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）を用いたマウス大腸炎モデル

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

慢性大腸炎関連大腸癌のマウス虫垂切除モデル、ケーカルパッチの正確な局在化

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム誘発性大腸炎のマウスモデル作製技術

マウスの遠位人工肛門、転用 c57bl/6 マウス大腸炎の新たなモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

散発性結腸直腸癌の遺伝子操作マウスモデル

アゾキシメタン（AOM）とデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）によるモデリング大腸炎関連癌

ザ

検証済みの内視鏡スコアリングシステムを使用して、大腸炎および結腸直腸腫瘍の重症度を評価するためにマウスでの柔軟な大腸内視鏡検査

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム（DSS）を用いたマウス大腸炎モデル

マウスの消化管吻合の作成

慢性大腸炎関連大腸癌のマウス虫垂切除モデル、ケーカルパッチの正確な局在化

マウスにおけるスリーブ状胃切除モデルを用いた単一吻合十二指腸回腸バイパス術

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウス モデル

デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム誘発性大腸炎のマウスモデル作製技術

腸の部分的な閉塞のマウスモデル