Name: isolation and flow cytometric analysis of human endocervical gamma delta t cells
Uploaded: 2017-02-06T10:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 10 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo i partecipanti allo studio Miami WIHS per la loro disponibilità a partecipare a questo lavoro. I dati in questo manoscritto sono stati raccolti dalle donne Miami Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). I contenuti di questa pubblicazione sono di esclusiva responsabilità degli autori e non rappresentano le posizioni ufficiali del National Institutes of Health (NIH). Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dal National Institute of Allergy e Malattie infettive e Interagency HIV Infection Study femminile (WIHS) [concessione numero U01 AI103397], National Institute of Allergy e Malattie infettive, National Institutes of Health [codice di autorizzazione P30AI073961], Centro Nazionale per l&#39;avanzamento traslazionale Scienze e l&#39;Istituto nazionale sulla minoranza Salute e disparità, Istituto nazionale della Salute [codice di autorizzazione UL1TR000460 e 1KL2TR000461], e National Institute of Child Health e lo sviluppo umano, National Institute of Health [codice di autorizzazione K23HD074489].

attività di studio ha avuto luogo presso l&#39;Università di Unità di Ricerca HIV Miami, in collaborazione con l&#39;HIV Interagency Studi delle Donne Miami (WIHS) e il Miami Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) .Institutional Review Board (Università di Miami Miller School of Medicine) l&#39;approvazione è stata ottenuta prima per il reclutamento e le eventuali procedure di valutazione o di studio correlati. Raccolta del campione 1. endocervicale Brush NOTA: I partecipanti sono stati sottoposti a un esame vaginale eseguito da MD addestrato o il ginecologo e la raccolta dei linfociti intraepiteliali sono stati eseguiti in esame con lo speculum inserendo cytobrush. <ol><li> caratteristiche dei partecipanti <ol><li> Reclutare donne partecipanti che sono tra i 18 ei 45 anni di età, sessualmente attivi, non è incinta e non sui farmaci contraccettivi o con un dispositivo intrauterino. </li><li> Prima di un esame vaginale, hanno i partecipanti sono sottoposti a un pareggio 10 ml di sangue in verdevacutainer eparina top per l&#39;isolamento delle cellule periferiche mononucleate del sangue (PBMC). per servire come controllo per endocervicale analisi intraepiteliale 9. </li></ol></li><li> Raccolta dei campioni endocervicali <ol><li> Inserire uno speculum sterile di dimensioni adeguate in vagina senza lubrificazione. Utilizzare acqua calda per facilitare l&#39;inserimento del speculum e garza sterile per pulire il muco. La posizione del speculum consente la completa visualizzazione del sistema operativo e portio. </li><li> Inserire la spazzola endocervicale nel canale endocervicale fino a quando solo le setole più vicini alla mano sono visibili. Ruotare il pennello in senso orario per 360 °. Trasferire la spazzola in un tubo da 15 ml contenente 5 ml di mezzo IMDM. </li><li> Subito dopo la raccolta, posizionare il tubo contenente cytobrush sul ghiaccio. Per ottenere elevata vitalità delle cellule intraepiteliali raccolti, consegnare il cytobrush al laboratorio e processo entro 1 ora. </li></ol></li></ol><ol><li> Tubo Vortex contenente cytobrush endocervicale applicare 4 colpi (10 sec) brevi. </li><li> Centrifugare la provetta contenente cytobrush, per 10 min a 250 x g. </li><li> Rimuovere con attenzione il cytobrush dal tubo (non disturbare il pellet sul fondo della provetta) e aggiungere 1 ml di mezzi IMDM e posizionare il tubo in ghiaccio. </li><li> Posizionare il cytobrush sul setaccio cella 100 mm superiore del tubo 50 ml. </li><li> Lavare il cytobrush con 20 ml IMDM. </li><li> provetta da centrifuga per 10 minuti a 250 x g. </li><li> Decantare il surnatante e le cellule in pellet risospendere in 1 ml IMDM e si combinano con il pellet già ri-sospensione descritto in 2.3. </li><li> Contare le cellule utilizzando un contatore di cellule automatizzato 10 o contare le cellule utilizzando emocitometro combinando 10 ml di sospensione cellulare con 10 ml di colorante blu trypan. Delicatamente pipettare su e giù dieci volte per mescolare le cellule e colorante. Carico di 10 microlitridella miscela nell&#39;apertura di una delle due camere emocitometro. Contare tutte le celle in cinque aree della griglia. Tenere un conteggio separato delle cellule vitali e non vitali. Determinare la vitalità cellulare utilizzando la seguente formula:% di cellule vitali = cellule non vitali x 100 / totale cellule numero delle cellule. Determinare la concentrazione successiva cellule per ml (e il numero totale di cellule) usando i seguenti calcoli. Totale cellule per ml = x cellule totali contate (fattore di diluizione / numero di piazza contate) x 10.000 cellule / ml. </li><li> Congelare isolate cellule endocervicali utilizzando media congelamento contenente il 10% di DMSO e il 90% FBS. </li></ol> 3. Citometria a Flusso <ol><li> Risospendere 1-3 x 10 5 cellule endocervicali in 100 microlitri di buffer FACS (PBS contenente 1% di albumina sierica bovina </li><li> Aggiungere 1 ml / 10 6 Live / Dead fissabile giallo Morto kit cellulare Stain e anticorpi per marcatori di superficie alle concentrazioni descritte nella tabella 1. </li><li> Incubare le cellule per 30 minuti a + 4 ° C, al riparo dalla luce. </li><li> Aggiungere 1 mL FACS tampone e le cellule e provette da centrifuga per 5 min a 350 xg </li><li> Risospendere pellet cellulare in 300 microlitri di 1% paraformaldeide. </li><li> Preparare controlli compensazione utilizzando perline e anticorpi utilizzati per la colorazione aggiungendo 100 ml di tampone FACS e una goccia delle perle e la stessa concentrazione di anticorpi usati per la colorazione del campione. </li><li> Acquisire perline colorate e campioni su un citofluorimetro, dotato di 405 nm, 488 nm e 635 nm laser. </li></ol> L&#39;isolamento delle cellule 4. endocervicale Gamma Delta T <ol><li> Isolamento tallone magnetico <ol><li> Risospendere endocervicale pellet cellulare (≤ 10 7 cellule totali), descritto in 2.6, in 40 ml di tampone incluso nel kit di Gamma Delta microperla TCR fa riferimento la tabella di materiali e reagenti. </li><li> Seguire le istruzioni del kit per il protocollo di colorazione in due fasi: in primo luogo, ingegnoh anti-TCR gamma delta Hapten-anticorpo e la seconda, con l&#39;anti-aptenici microsfere-FITC </li><li> Dopo incubazione di 15 min a 4-8 ° C, lavare le cellule aggiungendo 1 ml di tampone e centrifugare a 300 xg per 10 min. Decantare il supernatante invertendo la provetta, e toccare secco con l&#39;aiuto di un foglio di carta. </li><li> Risospendere il pellet cellulare in 500 ml di condizione di buffer e preparare la colonna magnetica ponendolo in separatore magnetico appropriata secondo il protocollo del fornitore. </li><li> Applicare sospensione cellulare nella colonna e raccogliere le cellule senza etichetta che attraversano e lavare colonna 3x con adeguate quantità di tampone (500 mL). Eseguire fasi di lavaggio aggiungendo tampone tre volte, ogni volta dopo il serbatoio colonna è vuota. Raccogliere dell&#39;effluente totale. Questa è la frazione di cellule senza etichetta, negativo </li><li> Rimuovere la colonna formano il separatore magnetico e pipetta 1 ml di tampone sulla colonna e subito scovare frazione con l&#39;etichetta magneticamentecellule cato applicando saldamente lo stantuffo fornita con la colonna. NOTA: Isolated Gamma Delta cellule T sono già fluorescente macchiato per analisi di flusso-citometria da magneticamente etichettati microsfere anti-aptene sono coniugati con FITC fluorescenti colorante. </li></ol></li><li> cell sorting <ol><li> Per l&#39;ordinamento delle cellule, le cellule endocervicali etichette con Die vitalità e pannello di anticorpi come descritto nel paragrafo 3. </li><li> Impostare varchi elettronici sul vivo, CD45 + CD3 + e delta gamma cellule positive e effettuare una cernita delle cellule. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kaul, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genital+tract+immune+milieu:+an+important+determinant+of+HIV+susceptibility+and+secondary+transmission.">The genital tract immune milieu: an important determinant of HIV susceptibility and secondary transmission.</a> J Reprod Immunol. 77, 32-40 (2008).</li><li>Haase, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+early+infection+to+prevent+HIV-1+mucosal+transmission.">Targeting early infection to prevent HIV-1 mucosal transmission.</a> Nature. 464, 217-223 (2010).</li><li>Hayday, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=gamma][delta]+cells:+a+right+time+and+a+right+place+for+a+conserved+third+way+of+protection.">gamma][delta] cells: a right time and a right place for a conserved third way of protection.</a> Ann Rev Immunol. 18, 975-1026 (2000).</li><li>Nakasone, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accumulation+of+gamma/delta+T+cells+in+the+lungs+and+their+roles+in+neutrophil-mediated+host+defense+against+pneumococcal+infection.">Accumulation of gamma/delta T cells in the lungs and their roles in neutrophil-mediated host defense against pneumococcal infection.</a> Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur. 9, 251-258 (2007).</li><li>Autran, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+receptor+gamma/delta++lymphocyte+subsets+during+HIV+infection.">T cell receptor gamma/delta+ lymphocyte subsets during HIV infection.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 75, 206-210 (1989).</li><li>Pauza, C. D., Poonia, B., Li, H., Cairo, C., Chaudhry, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=gammadelta+T+Cells+in+HIV+Disease:+Past,+Present,+and+Future.">gammadelta T Cells in HIV Disease: Past, Present, and Future.</a> Front Immunol. 5, 687 (2014).</li><li>Hayday, A. C., Spencer, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Barrier+immunity.">Barrier immunity.</a> Sem Immunol. 21, 99-100 (2009).</li><li>Cheroutre, H., Lambolez, F., Mucida, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+light+and+dark+sides+of+intestinal+intraepithelial+lymphocytes.">The light and dark sides of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.</a> Nature Rev Immunol. 11, 445-456 (2011).</li><li>Strbo, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+Intra-Epithelial+Endocervical+Gamma+Delta+(GD)+1+T+Cells+in+HIV-Infected+Women.">Loss of Intra-Epithelial Endocervical Gamma Delta (GD) 1 T Cells in HIV-Infected Women.</a> AJRI. 75, 134-145 (2016).</li><li>Szabo, S. E., Monroe, S. L., Fiorino, S., Bitzan, J., Loper, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+an+automated+instrument+for+viability+and+concentration+measurements+of+cryopreserved+hematopoietic+cells.">Evaluation of an automated instrument for viability and concentration measurements of cryopreserved hematopoietic cells.</a> Lab Hematol. 10, 109-111 (2004).</li><li>Alcaide, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+Vaginosis+Is+Associated+with+Loss+of+Gamma+Delta+T+Cells+in+the+Female+Reproductive+Tract+in+Women+in+the+Miami+Women+Interagency+HIV+Study+(WIHS):+A+Cross+Sectional+Study.">Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study.</a> PloS one. 11, e0153045 (2016).</li><li>Masson, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+genital+tract+cytokine+signatures+of+sexually+transmitted+infections+and+bacterial+vaginosis+in+women+at+high+risk+of+HIV+infection:+a+cross-sectional+study.">Defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of HIV infection: a cross-sectional study.</a> Sex Transm Dis. 90, 580-587 (2014).</li><li>Fichorova, R. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin+(IL)-1,+IL-6,+and+IL-8+predict+mucosal+toxicity+of+vaginal+microbicidal+contraceptives.">Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 predict mucosal toxicity of vaginal microbicidal contraceptives.</a> Biol Reprod. 71, 761-769 (2004).</li><li>Juno, J. A., Boily-Larouche, G., Lajoie, J., Fowke, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collection,+isolation,+and+flow+cytometric+analysis+of+human+endocervical+samples.">Collection, isolation, and flow cytometric analysis of human endocervical samples.</a> JoVE. , (2014).</li><li>McKinnon, L. 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Gli autori non hanno commerciale o di altra associazione che potrebbe rappresentare un conflitto di interesse (ad esempio, magazzino farmaceutico di proprietà, di consulenza, l&#39;appartenenza Advisory Board, brevetti rilevanti, o finanziamenti per la ricerca).

Valutazione della vulnerabilità femminile della mucosa del tratto genitale inferiore è una componente essenziale di studi clinici che affrontano il rischio di acquisizione e trasmissione del virus HIV. Tipicamente FGT vulnerabilità alle infezioni da HIV è valutata misurando immunomodulatori solubili nelle secrezioni genitali (citochine, chemochine e peptidi antimicrobici) 12, 13. Tuttavia, questi marcatori sono solo indicative di infiammazione vaginale, sono...

Abbiamo sviluppato la metodologia di utilizzo di campioni endocervicali pennello per valutare le cellule T GD intraepiteliali. Il canale endocervicale è rivestito da un singolo strato di epitelio colonnare. Linfociti intraepiteliali rappresentano linfociti di prima linea che risiedono all&#39;interno dello strato epiteliale che può rapidamente avviare risposte immunitarie su di incontrare microbi patogeni 7, 8. Comprendere gli eventi immunologici del vano intraepiteliale endocervicale è importante per la progettazione di strategie efficaci per prevenire le infezioni, compreso l&#39;HIV. Il nostro metodo può essere applicato per i campioni endocervicali umane appena raccolti, nonché le cellule endocervicali congelati per esplorare ulteriormente il ruolo delle cellule T GD intraepiteliale nelle donne con infezione da HIV o a rischio di infezione da HIV. L&#39;obiettivo principale di questo protocollo è quello di scoprire nuovi eventi immunologici nel vano intraepiteliale endocervicale e evaluatle risposte delle cellule T e GD come marker di vulnerabilità della mucosa nelle donne con infezione da HIV. Le lacune sostanziali nella conoscenza intorno FGT immunità sono in parte a causa della difficoltà di raccolta e l&#39;elaborazione dei campioni delle mucose con successo. Inoltre, il complesso eterogeneità delle cellule immunitarie mucosali, e la loro interconnessione tra loro, sono sfide importanti per identificare misurazioni clinicamente rilevanti che riflettono lo stato e la capacità del sistema immunitario. Abbiamo sviluppato un metodo per ottenere cellule altamente purificate intraepiteliali GD T che possono essere ulteriormente analizzate utilizzando altamente multiplex, tecnologie unicellulari che possono essere critiche per l&#39;identificazione dei meccanismi alla base della FRT immunità.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cytobrush Plus GT&amp;nbsp;</td><td>(CareFusion, San Diego, CA, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IMDM,Iscove&#039;s Modified Dulbecco&#039;s Medium&amp;nbsp;</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>12440061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beckman Coulter automated cell counter (The Vi-CELL Series Cell Viability Analyzer</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>496178</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>D2650</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Invitrogen, Gibco</td><td>26140-079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Invitrogen, Gibco</td><td>10010023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>A-9647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain kit&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Life Technologies,</td><td>L349S9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1% paraformaldehyde</td><td>Sigma Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>D6148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fortessa flow cytometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UltraComp eBeads</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>01-2222-42</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ArC Amine Reactive Compensation Beads (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A10346</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-TCR gamma/delta MicroBead Kit&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Milteny Miltenyi Biotec Inc.</td><td>130-050-701</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MS column</td><td></td><td>103-042-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS separator</td><td></td><td>4124</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of human endocervical gamma delta t cells

La femmina tratto riproduttivo (FRT) mucosa sistema immunitario serve come la prima linea di difesa. Una migliore conoscenza della mucosa genitale è quindi essenziale per comprendere la patogenicità dei diversi agenti patogeni, tra cui l&#39;HIV. Gamma Delta cellule (GD) T sono il prototipo delle cellule T &quot;non convenzionali&quot; e rappresentano una parte relativamente piccola sottogruppo di cellule T definite dalla loro espressione dei recettori delle cellule T eterodimeriche (TCR) composte da catene di gamma e delta. Questo li distingue dalle cellule T classici e molto meglio noti CD4 + helper e le cellule CD8 + T citotossici che sono definiti da TCR alfa-beta. cellule T GD spesso mostrano la localizzazione tessuto-specifica e sono arricchiti in epitelio. le cellule T GD orchestrare le risposte immunitarie a infiammazione, la sorveglianza del tumore, malattie infettive, e autoimmunità. Qui, vi presentiamo un metodo per isolare ed analizzare riproducibile endocervicali intraepiteliale linfociti T GD umani. noi ettarove utilizzati campioni cytobrush endocervicali da donne che partecipano alle donne Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). La conoscenza GD cellule T interazioni durante le condizioni in cui vi è un insulto alla mucosa vaginale potrebbe essere applicata a qualsiasi studio clinico in cui la vulnerabilità della mucosa è rivolta, compreso lo sviluppo di oltre microbicides.In vaginale, la conoscenza di risposte delle cellule della mucosa GD T ha possibilità di applicazione di GD T cell-based terapia immunitaria nel trattamento delle malattie infettive.

Recentemente, abbiamo analizzato intraepiteliale cellule T GD endocervicali e siamo stati il primo a riferire circa la perdita di cellule endocervicale T gamma delta in donne infette da HIV 9, 11. Qui, descriviamo il protocollo per isolare e analizzare il sottogruppo di cellule T gamma delta endocervicale. Come mostrato in figura 1, le cellule T GD possono essere facilmente rilevati nei campioni di cellule endoce...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

L&#39;isolamento e la citometria a flusso Analisi di Human endocervicale Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-human-endocervical-gamma-delta-t

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

8.7K Views.  Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami. We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Video: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &gamma;&delta; T Cells using Zoledronate

Human &gamma;&delta; T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and anti-infective activity.1 The majority of &gamma;&delta; T cells in peripheral blood have the V&gamma;9V&delta;2 T cell receptor. These cells recognize antigen in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and develop strong cytolytic and Th1-like effector functions.1Therefore, &gamma;&delta; T cells are attractive candidate effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. V&gamma;9V&#x03B4;2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), which is synthesized in bacteria via isoprenoid biosynthesis;2 and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is produced in eukaryotic cells through the mevalonate pathway.3 In physiological condition, the generation of IPP in nontransformed cell is not sufficient for the activation of &gamma;&delta; T cells. Dysregulation of mevalonate pathway in tumor cells leads to accumulation of IPP and &gamma;&delta; T cells activation.3 Because aminobisphosphonates (such as pamidronate or zoledronate) inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), the enzyme acting downstream of IPP in the mevalonate pathway, intracellular levels of IPP and sensitibity to &gamma;&delta; T cells recognition can be therapeutically increased by aminobisphosphonates. IPP accumulation is less efficient in nontransfomred cells than tumor cells with a pharmacologically relevant concentration of aminobisphosphonates, that allow us immunotherapy for cancer by activating &gamma;&delta; T cells with aminobisphosphonates. 4 Interestingly, IPP accumulates in monocytes when PBMC are treated with aminobisphosphonates, because of efficient drug uptake by these cells. 5 Monocytes that accumulate IPP become antigen-presenting cells and stimulate V&gamma;9V&delta;2 T cells in the peripheral blood.6 Based on these mechanisms, we developed a technique for large-scale expansion of &gamma;&delta; T cell cultures using zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2).7 Other methods for expansion of &gamma;&delta; T cells utilize the synthetic phosphoantigens bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP)8 or 2-methyl-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate (2M3B1PP).9 All of these methods allow ex vivo expansion, resulting in large numbers of &gamma;&delta; T cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. However, only zoledronate is an FDA-approved commercially available reagent. Zoledronate-expanded &gamma;&delta; T cells display CD27-CD45RA- effector memory phenotype and thier function can be evaluated by IFN-&gamma; production assay. 7

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &#947;&#948; T Cells using Zoledronate

A method to expand &gamma;&delta; T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is described. PBMC-derived &gamma;&delta; T cells are stimulated and expanded using zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Large scale expansion of &gamma;&delta; T cells can be applied to autologous cellular immunotherapy of cancer.

Espansione del sangue periferico umano γδ cellule T con Zoledronato

Human &gamma;&delta; T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and ...

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Immunologia e infezioni

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female genital tract (FGT). Because heterosexual transmission now represents the dominant mechanism of HIV transmission, and given the continual spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is critical to understand the interplay between host and pathogen at the genital mucosa. The substantial gaps in knowledge around FGT immunity are partially due to the difficulty in successfully collecting and processing mucosal samples. In order to facilitate studies with sufficient sample size, collection techniques must be minimally invasive and efficient. To this end, a protocol for the collection of cervical cytobrush samples and subsequent isolation of cervical mononuclear cells (CMC) has been optimized. Using ex vivo flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, it is possible to accurately and reliably quantify CMC lymphocyte/monocyte population frequencies and phenotypes. This technique can be coupled with the collection of cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL), which contains soluble immune mediators including cytokines, chemokines and anti-proteases, all of which can be used to determine the anti- or pro-inflammatory environment in the vagina.

The use of cytobrush sampling to collect lymphocytes and monocytes from the endocervix is a minimally invasive technique that provides samples for analysis of female genital tract immunity. In this protocol, we describe the collection of cytobrush samples and immune cell isolation for flow cytometry assays.

Raccolta, isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica di campioni endocervicali umano

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female ...

Medicina

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor

The thymus, the primary organ for the generation of &#945;&#946; T cells and backbone of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates, has long been considered as the only source of &#945;&#946;T cells. Yet, thymic involution begins early in life leading to a drastically reduced output of na&#239;ve &#945;&#946;T cells into the periphery. Nevertheless, even centenarians can build immunity against newly acquired pathogens. Recent research suggests extrathymic &#945;&#946;T cell development, however our understanding of pathways that may compensate for thymic loss of function are still rudimental. &#947;&#948; T cells are innate lymphocytes that constitute the main T-cell subset in the tissues. We recently ascribed a so far unappreciated outstanding function to a &#947;&#948; T cell subset by showing that the scarce entity of CD4+ V&#948;1+&#947;&#948; T cells can transdifferentiate into &#945;&#946;T cells in inflammatory conditions. Here, we provide the protocol for the isolation of this progenitor from peripheral blood and its subsequent cultivation. V&#948;1 cells are positively enriched from PBMCs of healthy human donors using magnetic beads, followed by a second step wherein we target the scarce fraction of CD4+ cells with a further magnetic labeling technique. The magnetic force of the second labeling exceeds the one of the first magnetic label, and thus allows the efficient, quantitative and specific positive isolation of the population of interest. We then introduce the technique and culture condition required for cloning and efficiently expanding the cells and for identification of the generated clones by FACS analysis. Thus, we provide a detailed protocol for the purification, culture and ex vivo expansion of CD4+ V&#948;1+&#947;&#948; T cells. This knowledge is prerequisite for studies that relate to this &#945;&#946;T cell progenitor`s biology and for those who aim to identify the molecular triggers that are involved in its transdifferentiation.

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor

Here, we provide an optimized protocol for the isolation and cloning of the scarce T-cell entity of peripheral V&#948;1+CD4+ T cells that is, as we showed recently, an extrathymic &#945;&#946; T-cell progenitor. This technique allows to quantitatively isolate, clone and efficiently expand these cells in ex vivo culture.

Isolamento e<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Cultura di Vδ1<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Celle γδ T, un Extrathymic αβT-cellule progenitrici

The thymus, the primary organ for the generation of &#945;&#946; T cells and backbone of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates, has long been ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

Isolamento e analisi citofluorimetrica di-Glioma infiltrazione sangue periferico mononucleari Cellule

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells of the immune system that play a crucial role in lymphocyte responses, host defense mechanisms, and pathogenesis of inflammation. Isolation and study of DCs have been important in biological research because of their distinctive features. Although they are essential key mediators of the immune system, DCs are very rare in blood, accounting for approximately 0.1 - 1% of total blood mononuclear cells. Therefore, alternatives for isolation methods rely on the differentiation of DCs from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The utilization of proper isolation techniques that combine simplicity, affordability, high purity, and high yield of cells is imperative to consider. In the current study, two distinct methods for the generation of DCs will be compared. Monocytes were selected by adherence or negatively enriched using magnetic separation procedure followed by differentiation into DCs with IL-4 and GM-CSF. Monocyte and MDDC viability, proliferation, and phenotype were assessed using viability dyes, MTT assay, and CD11c/ CD14 surface marker analysis by imaging flow cytometry. Although the magnetic separation method yielded a significant higher percentage of monocytes with higher proliferative capacity when compared to the adhesion method, the findings have demonstrated the ability of both techniques to simultaneously generate monocytes that are capable of proliferating and differentiating into viable CD11c+ MDDCs after seven days in culture. Both methods yielded &gt; 70% CD11c+ MDDCs. Therefore, our results provide insights that contribute to the development of reliable methods for isolation and characterization of human DCs.

This study compares two different methods of human monocyte isolation for obtaining in vitro dendritic cells (DCs). Monocytes are selected by adherence or negatively enriched by magnetic separation. Monocyte yield and viability along with MDDC viability, proliferation and CD11c/CD14 surface marker expression will be compared between both methods.

Caratterizzazione delle derivate da monociti cellule dendritiche umane di Citometria a Flusso Imaging: un confronto tra due protocolli di isolamento dei monociti

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells of the immune system that play a crucial role in lymphocyte responses, host defense mechanisms, and ...

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Cytotoxic T cells play a key role in the elimination of tumor cells and are, therefore, intensively studied in cancer immunology. The frequency and activity of cytotoxic T cells within tumors and their tumor microenvironment (TME) are now well-established prognostic and predictive biomarkers for numerous tumor types. However, it is well-known that various tumor treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, modulate not only the immunogenicity of the tumor but also the immune system itself. Consequently, the interaction between tumor cells and T cells requires more intensive study in different therapeutic contexts to fully understand the complex role of T cells during tumor therapy. To address this need, a protocol was developed to analyze the activity and proliferative capacity of human cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells in co-culture with pre-treated tumor cells. Specifically, CD8+ T cells from healthy donors are stained with the non-toxic proliferation marker carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and stimulated using CD3/CD28-coated plates. Subsequently, T cells are co-cultured with pre-treated tumor cells. As a readout, T cell proliferation is quantified by measuring CFSE signal distribution and assessing the expression of surface activation markers via flow cytometry. This can be further complemented by quantifying cytokine release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This method facilitates the evaluation of treatment-induced changes in the interaction between tumor cells and T cells, providing a foundation for more detailed analyses of tumor treatment modalities and their immunogenicity in a human ex vivo setting. Additionally, it contributes to the reduction of pre-clinical in vivo analyses.

The present protocol describes an experimental workflow that allows for the ex vivo analysis of human T cell stimulation in an allogenic co-culture system with pre-treated tumor cells.

Analisi dell'attività delle cellule T umane in un contesto di co-coltura allogenica di cellule tumorali pretrattate

Cytotoxic T cells play a key role in the elimination of tumor cells and are, therefore, intensively studied in cancer immunology. The frequency and ...

Ricerca sul cancro

Isolation of Dendritic Cells from the Human Female Reproductive Tract for Phenotypical and Functional Studies

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low numbers of DCs present per tissue. Yet, as the phenotype and function of DCs is modified by the tissue environment, it is necessary to analyze tissue resident DC populations, since blood derived DCs incompletely reflect the complexities of DCs in tissues. Here we present a protocol to isolate DCs from the human female reproductive tract (FRT) using hysterectomy specimens that allows both phenotypical and functional analyses. The protocol consists of tissue digestion to generate a single cell mixed cell suspension, followed by positive magnetic bead selection. Our tissue digestion protocol does not cleave surface markers, which allows phenotypical and functional analysis of DCs in the steady state, without overnight incubation or cell activation. This protocol can be adapted for the isolation of other immune cell types or isolation of DCs from other tissues.

We describe here a method to isolate and purify dendritic cells from different anatomical compartments in the human female reproductive tract for the evaluation of their phenotypical and functional characteristics. This method can be adapted to isolate other immune cells or dendritic cells from other mucosal tissues.

Isolamento di cellule dendritiche dal tratto riproduttivo femminile umano per studi fenotipici e funzionali

The characterization of the human dendritic cells (DCs) resident in mucosal tissues is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining samples, and the low ...

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Immune cell characterization heavily relies on multicolor flow cytometry to identify subpopulations based on differential expression of surface markers. Setup of a classic multicolor panel requires high-end instruments, custom labeled antibodies, and careful study design to minimize spectral overlap. We developed a multiparametric analysis to identify major human immune populations (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, &#947;&#948; T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes) in peripheral blood by combining seven lineage markers using only two fluorochromes. Our strategy is based on the observation that lineage markers are constantly expressed in a unique combination by each cell population. Combining this information with a careful titration of the antibodies allows investigators to record five additional markers, expanding the optical limit of most flow cytometers. Head-to-head comparison demonstrated that the vast majority of immune cell populations in peripheral blood can be characterized with comparable accuracy between our method and the classic &#34;one fluorochrome-one marker approach&#34;, although the latter is still more precise for identifying populations such as NKT cells and &#947;&#948; T cells. Combining seven markers using two fluorochromes allows for the analysis of complex immune cell populations and clinical samples on affordable 6-10 fluorochrome flow cytometers, and even on 2-3 fluorochrome field instruments in areas with limited resources. High-end instruments can also benefit from this approach by using extra fluorochromes to accomplish deeper flow cytometry analysis. This approach is also very well suited for screening several cell populations in the case of clinical samples with limited number of cells.

Here, we present a flow cytometric protocol to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, &#947;&#948; T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes in human peripheral blood by using only two fluorochromes instead of seven. With this approach, five additional markers can be recorded on most flow cytometers.

Discriminazione dei sette sottoinsiemi delle cellule immuni di due-fluorocromo flusso Cytometry

Immune cell characterization heavily relies on multicolor flow cytometry to identify subpopulations based on differential expression of surface markers. ...

Isolation of Uterine Innate Lymphoid Cells for Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Described here is a simple method to isolate and phenotype mouse group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells (g1 uILCs) from individual pregnant uterus by flow cytometry. The protocol describes how to set up time mating to obtain multiple synchronous dams, the mechanical and enzymatic digestion of the pregnant uterus, the staining of single-cell suspensions, and a FACS strategy to phenotype and discriminate g1 uILCs. Although this method inevitably loses the spatial information of cellular distribution within the tissue, the protocol has been successfully applied to determine uILC heterogeneity, their response to maternal and foetal factors affecting pregnancy, their gene expression profile, and their functions.

This is a method to isolate uterine lymphoid cells from both pregnant and non-pregnant mice. This method can be used for multiple downstream applications such as FACS phenotyping, cell sorting, functional assays, RNA-seq, and proteomics. The protocol here demonstrates how to phenotype group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells by flow cytometry.

Isolamento delle cellule linfoidi innate uterine per l'analisi mediante citometria a flusso

Described here is a simple method to isolate and phenotype mouse group 1 uterine innate lymphoid cells (g1 uILCs) from individual pregnant uterus by flow ...

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Aberrant T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity is detectable in autoimmune conditions and their presence is associated with clinical outcomes when the lymph node microenvironment in B-cell non-Hodgkin&#39;s lymphoma is analyzed. Subsets of circulating T-follicular helper cells (cTfh), the circulating memory compartment of Tfh cells in the blood, are also perturbed in disease and therefore represent potential novel predictive biomarkers. Peripheral blood-based testing is advantageous because it is relatively non-invasive and allows simple serial monitoring.This article describes a method for isolating CD4+ T-cells from human blood, and further analysis by flow-cytometry to enumerate cTfh cells and the proportions of their various subsets (cTfhPD-1-/+/hi, cTfh1,2,17 and cTfh1/17). The level of these subsets was then compared between normal subjects and patients with lymphoma. We found that the method was robust enough to obtain reliable results from routinely collected patient material. The technique we describe for the analysis can be easily adapted to cell sorting and downstream applications such as RT-PCR.

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Here, a protocol for the isolation and characterization of CD4+ T-cell subsets from human peripheral blood is described. Purified CD4+ T-cells are analyzed by flow cytometry to determine proportions of T-follicular helper cell subsets.

Isolamento di CD4+ T-cellule e analisi della circolazione follicolare T Helper (cTfh) sottoinsiemi di cellule da sangue periferico mediante citometria a flusso di 6 colori

Aberrant T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity is detectable in autoimmune conditions and their presence is associated with clinical outcomes when the ...

L'isolamento e la citometria a flusso Analisi di Human endocervicale Gamma Delta T Cells

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