Siamo grati a Drs. Markus Manz e Irving Weissman per la fornitura di reagenti. Riconosciamo inoltre il servizio fornito dal citometria a flusso di analisi e cellulare ordinamento Nucleo Struttura del Primo e del Secondo Nucleo Laboratory presso la National Taiwan University College of Medicine e NTU ospedale, rispettivamente. Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dal Ministero della Scienza e della Tecnologia, Taiwan (MOST 102-2320-B-002-030-MY3) e il National Institutes Health Research, Taiwan (NHRI-EX102-10256SI e NHRI-EX103-10256SI).

C57BL / 6 topi wild-type sono stati acquistati dal National Laboratory Animal Center (NLAC), Taiwan. Tutti i topi sono stati allevati e tenuti in condizioni esenti da organismi patogeni specifici. Protocolli e le procedure di utilizzo degli animali sono stati esaminati e approvati dal Comitato di cura e l&#39;uso degli animali istituzionale della National Taiwan University College of Medicine (Permesso Numero: 20.120.075). Inoltre, i ricercatori fatto ogni sforzo per ridurre il potenziale di dolore, la sofferenza, l&#39;angoscia negli animali durante l&#39;esecuzione di esperimenti. Tutte le procedure descritte sono state effettuate a temperatura ambiente con i guanti. 1. Preparazione di 6-AC cellule feeder Nota: L&#39;AC-6.21 (AC-6 in breve) linea di cellule stromali 18 (fornito da I. Weissman, della Stanford University) deve essere mantenuta in RPMI integrato con siero fetale bovino inattivato al calore del 15% (FBS). Per servire come cellule di alimentazione, AC-6 celle sono γ-irradiati con 3000 rad (30Gy) un giorno prima della co-coltura per evitare la loro proliferazione. Nota thAC-6 celle tendono a perdere la loro capacità differenziazione sostenere se lasciato sovraffollate durante la manutenzione, o se il loro numero passaggio è superiore a 20. <ol><li> Lavare AC-6 celle una volta con 1 ml di Dulbecco Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) e rimuovere DPBS per aspirazione. Trattare AC-6 cellule con 0,8 ml di soluzione di tripsina (0,05% tripsina e EDTA 0,5 mM in DPBS) per 3-5 minuti a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 e quindi arrestare la reazione diluendo con 10 volumi di mezzo di coltura a fare sospensione singola cellula. </li><li> Seme AC-6 celle a 5.9x10 4 cellule / pozzetto in piastre da 12 pozzetti e incubare a 37 ° C, 5% di CO 2 O / N. Nota: La densità di AC-6 celle è molto importante in quanto una densità inferiore favorirà generazione CDC. Semina ad una densità di 5.9x10 4 cellule / pozzetto permetteranno AC-6 per raggiungere confluenza entro il giorno successivo, che è ottimale per la derivazione di pDCs da CLPS. </li><li> Irradiare AC-6 celle a 3000 rad (30 Gy) con γ-irradiatore. Nota: La dose utilizzata per irradiare AC-6 è ottimizzato per evitare che le cellule proliferazione e tuttavia mantenerli vitali sufficientemente lungo da assicurare le citochine e contatto cellula-cellula necessari per la differenziazione delle DC da CLPS. </li><li> Aspirare media e sostituirlo con 1 ml RPMI completo (RPMI con 10% di calore inattivato FBS, 50 mg / ml di gentamicina e 50 micron β-mercaptoetanolo). </li></ol> 2. Isolare BM cellule da topi <ol><li> Sacrifica topi di CO 2 asfissia e dislocazione cervicale. Posizionare i topi su un vassoio dissezione e sterilizzare con il 70% di etanolo. Fare un&#39;incisione a metà addome e rimuovere la pelle dalla parte distale del mouse compresa la pelle che copre le estremità inferiori. </li><li> Sezionare topi in una cappa semi-sterile. Per rilasciare il femore e tibia, femore agganciare sopra e tibie sotto del ginocchio. Staccare i muscoli dalle ossa con le forbici e posto le ossa in una capsula di Petri 6 centimetri contenente 5 ml RPMI completare. </li><li> Spostarsi in una cappa di coltura sterile. Riempire una siringa da 3 ml collegata ad un ago 27G con RPMI completo. Tagliare entrambe le estremità delle ossa con le forbici, e inserire l&#39;ago 27G per irrigare il midollo dalle ossa iniettando delicatamente RPMI completo una volta da ogni estremità. </li><li> Preparare una singola sospensione cellulare delicatamente pipettando le cellule su e giù per 3-5 volte in piatto cultura con la siringa senza ago. </li><li> Centrifugare le cellule per 5 minuti a 500 xg e decantare il surnatante. </li><li> Lisare globuli rossi con 1 ml di tampone di ACK (150 mm NH 4 Cl, 10 KHCO mm 3, 0,1 mM EDTA) incubazione per 1 min e fermare la reazione diluendo con 10 volumi di RPMI completo. Consentono alle cellule riposare per 5 min per pellet giù grumi di cellule morte e detriti di tessuto per gravità. Nota: non stare in piedi più di 5 min come questo si tradurrà in una perdita di cellule a causa della sedimentazione di cellule vitali. </li><li> Lentamente decantare il surnatante cellulare contenente un nuovo tubo lasciando detritidietro nel tubo originale. </li><li> Centrifugare per 5 minuti a 500 xg per far sedimentare le cellule, quindi rimuovere e scartare il surnatante. </li><li> Risospendere le cellule totali BM (tipicamente 4-6 x 10 7 cellule BM sono ottenuti da un topo) in 100 microlitri tampone FACS (PBS 1x + 2% FBS + 1 mM EDTA). </li></ol> 3. FACS Analisi e ordinamento di CLPS <ol><li> Aggiungi anti-CD16 / 32 (ibridoma supernant clone 2.4G2, 50 ml / reazione o 1-2 mg / reazione) in cellule in tampone FACS (passo 2.9) per 1-2 minuti, al fine di bloccare i recettori Fc. Nota: Anti-CD16 / 32 è anche chiamato blocco Fc, che si aggiunge a prevenire legame non specifico degli anticorpi di cellule esprimenti recettori Fc, tra cui i granulociti, monociti e linfociti B. </li><li> Contemporaneamente colorare le cellule con i seguenti anticorpi fluorescenti colorante marcati (per 4x10 7 cellule) per 15 min in ghiaccio, evitando luce ambientale. Anticorpi: marcatori lignaggio PE-coniugati (0,2 mcg ciascuna) tra cui anti-CD3 (17A2), anti-CD8 (53-6,7), anti-B220 (RA3-6B2), anti-CD19 (eBio1D3), anti-CD11b (M1 / 70), anti-Gr-1 (RB6-8C5), anti- Thy1.1 (HIS51), anti-NK1.1 (PK136), anti-TER119 (TER-119), e anti-MHC-II (NIMR-4), 0.2 mg anti-c-Kit-PerCP-Cy5.5 (2B8), 1 mg anti-Sca-1-FITC (D7), 0.4 mg anti-M-CSFR-APC (AFS98), e 0,2 mg anti-IL-7Rα-PE-Cy7 (A7R34). </li><li> Lavare le cellule con 3 ml di tampone FACS, e centrifugare per 5 min a 500 x g. </li><li> Risospendere le cellule in 300 microlitri di buffer FACS e celle filtranti attraverso un colino cella di 40 micron. </li><li> Lavare il tubo con un 100 microlitri di buffer FACS aggiuntivo per recuperare tutte le cellule residue e filtrare in un FACS sterile ordinamento tubo con la stessa colino cella. </li><li> Eseguire immediatamente citometria a flusso dopo la colorazione utilizzando filtri e tensioni appropriati per il rilevamento del segnale. Utilizzare 488 nm laser per rilevare gli anticorpi FITC, PerCP-Cy5.5-etichettati, 561 nm laser per rilevare il PE e PE-anticorpi Cy7-labelded e 633 nm laser per rilevare l&#39;anticorpo marcato APC. </li><li> Classificare CLPS secondo i seguenti marcatori lin - c-kit int Sca-1 int M-CSFR - IL-7Rα + (come macchiato al punto 3.2) utilizzando un cell sorter. Raccogliere le cellule ordinati in una provetta da 15 ml contenente 8 ml di RPMI completo come un cuscino. </li><li> Registrare il numero assoluto di cellule ordinati come mostrato dalla cell sorter alla fine della corsa. Tipicamente, 5x10 4 CLPS possono essere ottenuti dal BM di un topo. </li></ol> 4. coculture CLPS e AC-6 <ol><li> Centrifugare le cellule ordinati dal punto 3.7 per 10 minuti a 500 xg, rimuovere il surnatante e risospendere il pellet cellulare con abbastanza completo RPMI per ottenere una densità cellulare intorno 5x10 4 cellule / ml. Seed 500 cellule / pozzetto in 12-pozzetti contenenti cellule di alimentazione previste al punto 1.4. </li><li> Aggiungere 100 ng / ml FL 19 (hu-Flt3L-Ig generato internamente utilizzando un sistema di espressione fornita da M. Manz, University Hospital Zurigo, Svizzera) e incubare a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 con controllo visivo periodico di sviluppo DC al microscopio. Nota: disponibile in commercio FL umana ricombinante o il mouse FL può essere utilizzato come un sostituto per hu-Flt3L-Ig per sostenere lo sviluppo continua. </li><li> Raccogliere le cellule nel supernatante a giorno 12 e lavare i pozzetti una volta con 0,5 ml di terreno RPMI completare combinando sovranatanti risultanti. Aggiungere 0,5 ml di mezzo fresco e rottami le cellule aderenti con un raschietto cellulare. </li><li> Combinare il mezzo cellulare contenente da entrambe le parti e centrifugare per 5 min a 500 x g. </li><li> Surnatante e risospendere le cellule decantare in 50 microlitri di buffer FACS. Aggiungere 50 microlitri anti-CD16 / 32 ibridomi surnatante e incubare per 1-2 minuti per bloccare i recettori Fc. </li><li> Enumerare e macchia tutte le celle con i seguenti anticorpi (0,05 mcg ciascuna) anti-CD11c-APC (N418), anti-CD11b-FITC e anti-B220-PE. </li><li> Lavare e centrifugare le cellule come descrivered al punto 3.3. </li><li> Risospendere le cellule in 100 microlitri di buffer FACS, cancello CD11c + e analizzare per CDC (CD11c + CD11b + B220 -) e pDCs (CD11c + CD11b - B220 +) 17. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Authors have nothing to disclose.

Qui si descrive un sistema in vitro in coltura per la robusta generazione di DC, e pDCs in particolare, da un piccolo numero di CLPS. L&#39;unicità di questo sistema di coltura è dovuto all&#39;uso di AC-6 cellule, una linea cellulare stromale, come alimentatori. Questo approccio ha dimostrato di fornire non solo le citochine, come IL-7, SCF, M-CSF e FL 20, ma anche il contatto cellula-cellula 21 necessario per sostenere lo sviluppo DC. AC-6 cellule sono state usate in precedenza per fac...

Le cellule dendritiche (DC) sono cellule presentanti l&#39;antigene professionale che svolgono un ruolo importante nel controllo risposte immunitarie 1. Mentre DC sono eterogenei, possono essere classificati in due popolazioni, DC convenzionale (CDC) e cellule dendritiche plasmacitoidi (PDC) 2,3. Oltre agli organi linfoidi, CDC e pDCs si trovano anche in tessuti tra cui polmone, intestino, pelle e 2. La morfologia di CDC e pDCs differenzia, con CDC espositrici proiezioni dendriti-simili e la forma di pDCs essere più plasma alveolare. Inoltre, il marcatore DC comune topo, CD11c, è più altamente espresso su CDCS che su pDC. Inoltre, CDC può essere ulteriormente suddivisa in CD11b + CD24 - CDC e CD11b - CD24 + CDC, entrambi i quali esprimono alti livelli di MHC di classe II e molecole costimolatorie di fare pDCs 2. PDC mature, d&#39;altra parte, hanno mostrato di esprimere selettivamente Siglec-H e BST2 4. Functionally, CDC sono antigene migliori presentano cellule rispetto sono pDCs; tuttavia, pDCs in grado di produrre una grande quantità di interferone di tipo I dopo l&#39;infezione da virus o la stimolazione infiammatoria 5. Entrambi i CDC e pDCs sono di breve durata, e di conseguenza, devono essere costantemente rifornite da progenitori all&#39;interno del midollo osseo (BM) 6,7. Trasferimento adottivo di progenitori comuni mieloidi (CMP) e progenitori linfoidi comuni (CLPS) in topi irradiati letalmente dimostra che i CDC e pDCs possono essere generati da entrambe le linee 8-10. Tuttavia, vi è un sottoinsieme di pDC che esprimono RAG1 / 2 e possiedono segmenti DJ riarrangiati al locus IgH 11,12. Queste cellule condividono anche analogie molecolari con linfociti B, tra cui l&#39;espressione del marcatore B220, recettori dell&#39;acido nucleico-sensing (TLR7 / TLR9), e fattori di trascrizione (SPIB e BCL11A) 13, dispone di tutto che si ritiene essere le firme del lignaggio linfoide. Pertanto, CLPs possono essere buone scelte per la generazione in vitro di pDCs causa di lignaggio somiglianza. Mentre la frequenza sia CDC e pDC negli esseri umani e nei topi è molto basso 6, DC, particolarmente CDC, può essere generato in vitro da BM o progenitori in presenza di citochine quali GM-CSF o 11,14 Flt3 ligand (FL ) utilizzando sistemi privi di alimentazione 11,15,16. Purtroppo, però, non è possibile produrre un gran numero di pDC in vitro su FL 11,15,16. In precedenza abbiamo dimostrato che pDCs possono essere efficacemente generati in vitro da CLPS utilizzando il sistema 17 AC-6 alimentatore. Il vantaggio di usare la linea cellulare stromale AC-6 nel sistema di coltura è che fornisce il contatto cellula-cellula e la secrezione di citochine che supportano la generazione di un gran numero di pDC da CLPS. Anche se la produzione con questo sistema è molto robusto, attento replica delle procedure descritte di seguito i è necessariol fine di garantire la generazione efficiente di pDCs.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anti-mouse Ly6g/Ly6c (PE), clone RB6-8C5</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108408</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse NK1.1 (PE), clone PK136</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108708</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse&amp;nbsp; CD11b (PE), cloneM1/70</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>101208</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD19 (PE), clone eBio1D3</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>115508</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse B220 (PE), clone RA3-6B2</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>103208</td><td>linage marker/FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD3 (PE), clone 17A2</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>100308</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD8a (PE), clone 53-6.7</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>100707</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse MHC-II (PE), clone NIMR-4</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>107608</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Ter119 (PE), clone TER-119</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>116208</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Thy1.1 (PE), clone HIS51</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0900-83</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse M-CSFR (APC), clone AFS98</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>135510</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse c-Kit (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone 2B8</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>105824</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Sca-1 (FITC), clone D7</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108106</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse IL-7Ra (PE/Cy7), clone A7R34</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>135014</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11c (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone N418</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>117328</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11b (FITC), clone M1/70</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>101206</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>FACSAria III</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td></td><td>Cell sorter</td></tr><tr><td>FACS sorting tube&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>352054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FlowJo</td><td>FlowJo LLC</td><td></td><td>Flow analysis sofrware</td></tr></tbody></table>

in vitro generation of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells from common lymphoid progenitors using the ac-6 feeder system

Cellule dendritiche plasmacitoidi (PDC) sono di tipo potente che interferone (IFN-I) che producono cellule che si attivano in risposta a infezioni o durante le risposte infiammatorie. Purtroppo, studio della funzione pDC è ostacolato dalla loro bassa frequenza in organi linfoidi, e metodi esistenti per la generazione vitro DC prevalentemente favoriscono la produzione di CDC sopra pDC. Qui vi presentiamo un approccio unico per generare efficientemente pDCs da progenitori linfoidi comuni (CLPS) in vitro. In particolare, il protocollo ha descritto i dettagli come purificare CLPS dal midollo osseo e generano pDCs da coculturing con AC-6 cellule di alimentazione gamma-irradiati in presenza di Flt3 ligando. Una caratteristica unica di questo sistema di coltura è che i CLPS migrano sotto le celle AC-6 e diventano cellule territoriali che formano acciottolate, un passaggio fondamentale per l&#39;espansione pDCs. DC morfologicamente distinte, vale a dire PDC e CDC, sono stati generati dopo circa due settimane con una composizione di 70-90% pDCs in condizioni ottimali. Tipicamente, il numero di pDC generati da questo metodo è circa 100 volte del numero di CLPS seminati. Pertanto, questo è un nuovo sistema con cui generare robusto il gran numero di pDC necessarie per agevolare ulteriori studi sviluppo e la funzione di queste cellule.

Un totale di 7 4-6x10 cellule BM sono in genere isolate da femori e tibie di un 6-8 sett-vecchio, wild-type C57BL / 6 del mouse. Per risolvere CLPS, cellule totali BM sono colorate con anticorpi coniugati PE contro marcatori lignaggio (CD3, CD8, B220, CD19, CD11b, Gr-1, Thy1.1, NK1.1, TER119, e MHC-II), anti -c-Kit-PerCP / Cy5.5, anti-Sca-1-FITC, anti-M-Cecoslovacchia-APC e anti-IL-7Rα-PE / Cy7, analizzati e ordinati con un cell sorter. La strategia di ordinamento per CLP è mostrato in Figu...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System at JoVE.com

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand.

In Vitro Generazione di Murine plasmacitoidi dendritiche Cellule dal comune linfoide Progenitori utilizzando l&#39;AC-6 Alimentatore Sistema

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are powerful type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells that are activated in response to infection or during ...

in-vitro-generation-murine-plasmacytoid-dendritic-cells-from-common

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

8.4K Views.  National Taiwan University College of Medicine. In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand. 

Video: In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), human B cells can be expanded without difficulties from small amounts of peripheral blood within 14 days to very large amounts of highly-pure CD40-B cells (&gt;109 cells per patient) from healthy donors as well as cancer patients1-4. CD40-B cells express important lymph node homing molecules and can attract T cells in vitro5. Furthermore they efficiently take up, process and present antigens to T cells6,7. CD40-B cells were shown to not only prime na&iacute;ve, but also expand memory T cells8,9. Therefore CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B cells) have been studied as an alternative source of immuno-stimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) for cell-based immunotherapy1,5,10. In order to further study whether CD40-B cells induce effective T cell responses in vivo and to study the underlying mechanism we established a cell culture system for the generation of murine CD40-activated B cells. Using splenocytes or purified B cells from C57BL/6 mice for CD40-activation, optimal conditions were identified as follows: Starting from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2b) lymphocytes are purified by density gradient centrifugation and co-cultured with HeLa cells expressing recombinant murine CD40 ligand (tmuCD40L HeLa)11. Cells are recultured every 3-4 days and key components such as CD40L, interleukin-4, -Mercaptoethanol and cyclosporin A are replenished. In this protocol we demonstrate how to obtain fully activated murine CD40-B cells (mCD40B) with similar APC-phenotype to human CD40-B cells (Fig 1a,b). CD40-stimulation leads to a rapid outgrowth and expansion of highly pure (&gt;90%) CD19+ B cells within 14 days of cell culture (Fig 1c,d). To avoid contamination with non-transfected cells, expression of the murine CD40 ligand on the transfectants has to be controlled regularly (Fig 2). Murine CD40-activated B cells can be used to study B-cell activation and differentiation as well as to investigate their potential to function as APC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they represent a promising tool for establishing therapeutic or preventive vaccination against tumors and will help to answer questions regarding safety and immunogenicity of this approach12.

In this video, we demonstrate the procedure of CD40-activation and expansion of murine B cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, which can be used as a model antigen-presenting cell (APC) to study induction of immunity.

Modello murino di CD40-attivazione delle cellule B

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to infection. Because these are the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are being increasingly used as a vaccine vector to study the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for harvesting tibias and femurs from a donor mouse, processing the bone marrow and differentiating DCs in vitro. The properties of DCs change following stimulation: immature dendritic cells are potent phagocytes, whereas mature DCs are capable of antigen presentation and interaction with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This change in functional activity corresponds with the upregulation of cell surface markers and cytokine production. Many agents can be used to mature DCs, including cytokines and toll-like receptor ligands. In this video, we demonstrate flow cytometric comparisons of expression of two co-stimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, and the cytokine, IL-12, following overnight stimulation with CpG or mock treatment. After differentiation, DCs can be further manipulated for use as a vaccine vector or to generate antigen-specific immune responses by in vitro pulsing using peptides or proteins, or transduced using recombinant viral vectors. 

This video demonstrates the procedure for differentiating myeloid dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. Isolation of mouse tibia and femur, and processing of bone marrow are demonstrated. Pictures demonstrating cell morphology before and after differentiation, and figures depicting cell phenotype and IL-12 production following maturation using CpG are shown.

Cultura di cellule dendritiche mieloidi dai precursori del midollo osseo

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to ...

Biologia

Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% CD11c high dendritic cells in culture that home to the draining lymph node after subcutaneous injection and present antigen to antigen specific T cells (see video). Additionally, we use Essen Instruments Incucyte to track dendritic cell maturation, where, at day 10, the morphology of the cultured cells is typical of a mature dendritic cell and &lt;85% of cells are CD11chigh. The study of antigen presentation in peripheral lymph nodes by 2-photon imaging revealed that there are three distinct phases of dendritic cell and T cell interaction1, 2. Phase I consists of brief serial contacts between highly motile antigen specific T cells and antigen carrying dendritic cells1, 2. Phase two is marked by prolonged contacts between antigen-specific T cell and antigen bearing dendritic cells1, 2. Finally, phase III is characterized by T cells detaching from dendritic cells, regaining motility and beginning to divide1, 2. This is one example of the type of antigen-specific interactions that can be analyzed by two-photon imaging of antigen-loaded cell tracker dye-labeled dendritic cells.

Antigen presentation in secondary lymphoid organs by dendritic cells is crucial for the initiation of the T cell mediated adaptive immune response. Here we demonstrate the culture of bone marrow derived murine dendritic cells, activation, and labeling for 2-photon imaging.

Generazione di cellule derivate dal midollo osseo dendritiche murini per l&#39;uso in 2-fotone Imaging

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% ...

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/- mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+ and recipients being CD45.2+. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/- mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.

This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer&#8217;s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer&#8217;s patch.

Valutare lo sviluppo delle cellule murine plasmocitoidi dendritiche in placche del Peyer Utilizzando trasferimento adottivo di ematopoietiche Progenitori

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen presenting molecules to initiate T-cell-mediated immunity. Dendritic cells can be separated into several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets. Three important subsets of splenic dendritic cells are plasmacytoid, CD8&#945;Pos and CD8&#945;Neg cells. The plasmacytoid DCs are natural producers of type I interferon and are important for anti-viral T cell immunity. The CD8&#945;Neg DC subset is specialized for MHC class II antigen presentation and is centrally involved in priming CD4 T cells. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs are primarily responsible for cross-presentation of exogenous antigens and CD8 T cell priming. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs have been demonstrated to be most efficient at the presentation of glycolipid antigens by CD1d molecules to a specialized T cell population known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Administration of Flt-3 ligand increases the frequency of migration of dendritic cell progenitors from bone marrow, ultimately resulting in expansion of dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs in murine models. We have adapted this model to purify large numbers of functional dendritic cells for use in cell transfer experiments to compare in vivo proficiency of different DC subsets.

Distinct dendritic cell subsets exist as rare populations in lymphoid organs, and therefore are challenging to isolate in sufficient numbers and purity for immunological experiments. Here we describe a high efficiency, high yield method for isolation of all of the currently known major subsets of mouse splenic dendritic cells.

Un metodo del rendimento efficiente e di alta per l&#39;isolamento di mouse dendritiche sottopopolazioni cellulari

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen ...

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. The immune system is a constant balance in maintaining tolerance to self-molecules and reacting rapidly to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful professional antigen presenting cells that link the innate immune system to the adaptive immune system and balance the adaptive response between self and non-self. Depending on the maturation signals, immature dendritic cells can be selectively stimulated to differentiate into immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs. Immunogenic dendritic cells provide proliferation signals to antigen-specific T cells for clonal expansion; while tolerogenic dendritic cells regulate tolerance by antigen-specific T-cell deletion or clonal expansion of regulatory T-cells. Due to this unique property, dendritic cells are highly sought after as therapeutic agents for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells can be loaded with specific antigens in vitro and injected into the human body to mount a specific immune response both immunogenic and tolerogenic. This work presents a means to generate in vitro from monocytes, immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in surface marker expression, function and metabolic phenotypes.

Immature dendritic cells can be selectively differentiated into tolerogenic or mature dendritic cells to regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance. This work presents a means to generate from immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), in vitro tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in metabolic phenotypes.

Generazione di Immaturo, matura e tollerogenico dendritiche cellule con differenti fenotipi metabolica

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. ...

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on their cell surface and thereby activate and regulate immunity. 
The major function of DCs is the induction of adaptive immunity in the lymph nodes by presenting antigens via MHC I and MHC II molecules to na&#239;ve T lymphocytes. Therefore, DCs have to migrate from the periphery to the lymph nodes after the recognition of pathogens at the sites of infection. For in vitro experiments or DC vaccination strategies, monocyte-derived DCs are routinely used. These cells show similarities in physiology, morphology, and function to conventional myeloid dendritic cells. They are generated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation of monocytes isolated from healthy donors. Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated and stimulated from anti-coagulated human blood after peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) enrichment by density gradient centrifugation. Human monocytes are differentiated into immature DCs and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting after 5 days of incubation.

Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated by magnetic bead separation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after density gradient centrifugation of human anti-coagulated blood. Following incubation for 5 days, human monocytes are differentiated into immature dendritic cells and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting.

Generazione di derivate da monociti cellule dendritiche umane da sangue intero

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition ...

Generation of Large Numbers of Myeloid Progenitors and Dendritic Cell Precursors from Murine Bone Marrow Using a Novel Cell Sorting Strategy

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have recently been recognized to be more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. These cultures routinely contain moDC as well monocyte-derived macrophages (moMac), and even some less developed cells such as monocytes. The goal of this protocol is to provide a consistent method for identification and separation of the many cell types present in these cultures as they develop, so that their specific functions may be further investigated. The sorting strategy presented here separates cells first into four populations based on expression of Ly6C and CD115, both of which are expressed transiently by cells as they develop in GM-CSF-driven culture. These four populations include Common myeloid progenitors or CMP (Ly6C-, CD115-), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors or GMP (Ly6C+, CD115-), monocytes (Ly6C+, CD115+), and monocyte-derived macrophages or moMac (Ly6C-, CD115+). CD11c is also added to the sorting strategy to distinguish two populations within the Ly6C-, CD115- population: CMP (CD11c-) and moDC (CD11c+). Finally, two populations may be further distinguished within the Ly6C-, CD115+ population based on the level of MHC class II expression. MoMacs express lower levels of MHC class II, while a monocyte-derived DC precursor (moDP) expresses higher MHC class II. This method allows for the reliable isolation of several developmentally distinct populations in numbers sufficient for a variety of functional and developmental analyses. We highlight one such functional readout, the differential responses of these cell types to stimulation with Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs).

Here we provide a method for identifying and isolating large numbers of GM-CSF driven myeloid cells using high speed cell sorting. Five distinct populations (Common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived DCs) can be identified based on Ly6C and CD115 expression.

Generazione di un gran numero di progenitori mieloidi e precursori delle cellule dendritiche dal midollo osseo murino utilizzando una romanzo cella ordinamento strategia

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have ...

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

The immune system operates by maintaining a tight balance between coordinating responses against foreign antigens and maintaining an unresponsive state against self-antigens as well as antigens derived from commensal organisms. The disruption of this immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation and to the development of autoimmunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system involved in activating na&#239;ve T cells to initiate immune responses against foreign antigens. However, DCs can also be differentiated into TolDCs that act to maintain and promote T cell tolerance and to suppress effector cells contributing to the development of either autoimmune or chronic inflammation conditions. The recent advancement in our understanding of TolDCs suggests that DC tolerance can be achieved by modulating their differentiation conditions. This phenomenon has led to tremendous growth in developing TolDC therapies for numerous immune disorders caused due to break in immune tolerance. Successful studies in preclinical autoimmunity murine models have further validated the immunotherapeutic utility of TolDCs in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Today, TolDCs have become a promising immunotherapeutic tool in the clinic for reinstating immune tolerance in various immune disorders by targeting pathogenic autoimmune responses while leaving protective immunity intact. Although an array of strategies has been proposed by multiple labs to induce TolDCs, there is no consistency in characterizing the cellular and functional phenotype of these cells. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide for the development of bone marrow-derived DCs in large numbers, a unique method used to differentiate them into TolDCs with a synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid-difluoro-propyl-amide (CDDO-DFPA), and the techniques used to confirm their phenotype, including analyses of essential molecular signatures of TolDCs. Finally, we show a method to assess TolDC function by testing their immunosuppressive response in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis.

Here, we present a protocol to develop and characterize tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) and evaluate their immunotherapeutic utility.

Sviluppo e caratterizzazione funzionale delle cellule dendritiche tollerogeniche murino

The immune system operates by maintaining a tight balance between coordinating responses against foreign antigens and maintaining an unresponsive state ...

Medicina

In Vitro Generation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors

Source: Chang, S., et al. <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/53211">In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video demonstrates an in vitro assay to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs). Upon co-culturing purified CLPs with &#947;-irradiated feeder cells in the presence of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL), the CLPs differentiate into non-adherent pDCs, the presence of which is confirmed using flow cytometry.

Generazione in vitro di cellule dendritiche plasmacitoidi da progenitori linfoidi comuni

Source: Chang, S., et al. In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System. J. ...

In Vitro Generazione di Murine plasmacitoidi dendritiche Cellule dal comune linfoide Progenitori utilizzando l'AC-6 Alimentatore Sistema

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