Name: isolation and excision of murine aorta; a versatile technique in the study of cardiovascular disease
Uploaded: 2014-11-24T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Excision of Murine Aorta; A Versatile Technique in the Study of Cardiovascular Disease at JoVE.com

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Tutte le procedure sugli animali sono state eseguite con l&#39;approvazione della Cura e uso Comitato Animal Istituzionale dell&#39;Università di Cincinnati e in conformità con la guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio dal National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, Revised 1996). 1. Preparare il mouse <ol><li> Euthanize esponendo l&#39;animale ad una dose di anestetico sovraterapeutiche, isoflurano inalato a effetto. Verificare l&#39;eutanasia primaria via pizzico punta come uno stimolo nocivo. Metodo secondario di eutanasia, il taglio del diaframma, si verificherà in un passaggio imminente. I metodi alternativi possono essere usati eutanasia concesso si ottiene. </li><li> Sanitizie la superficie esterna del mouse spruzzando il pelo lungo la regione addominale, dove verranno effettuati i tagli iniziali, con il 70% di etanolo al punto di umidità in modo che il pelo è bagnato con etanolo ed eventuali peli residui / secco non immettere la regione. </li><li> Disporre il mouse su una surbordo chirurgico in posizione supina, con appendici superiori e inferiori esteso verso l&#39;esterno. </li><li> Appendici sicuro alla scheda con nastro chirurgico. </li></ol> 2. Isolamento del Cuore e Aorta <ol><li> Dopo un adeguato posizionamento del mouse, utilizzare pinze per localizzare e isolare pelle addominale appena inferiore al processo xifoideo dello sterno. </li><li> Creare tensione sollevando la pelle verso l&#39;alto e usare le forbici per rimuovere la pelle superficiale, esponendo la parte superiore del peritoneo e porzione inferiore della cavità toracica. </li><li> Inserire la cavità peritoneale sollevando il processo xifoideo e facendo incisioni laterali appena inferiori al processo lungo i margini sottocostali. </li><li> Sezionare up nella cavità toracica, passando attraverso il diaframma, assicurandosi di non lacerare il cuore o qualsiasi vasi sanguigni principali. </li><li> Estendere le incisioni laterali in passo 2.3 cranialmente per rimuovere la porzione anteriore della gabbia toracica. Senecessario, liberare il cuore dalla parete toracica anteriore utilizzando smussa. </li><li> Pulire la cavità toracica di sangue estraneo e fluido, utilizzando garza sterile per assorbire il materiale. Una volta che la zona è più visibile, rimuovere i polmoni per esporre meglio cuore e dell&#39;aorta. </li></ol> 3. perfusione di Cuore e Aorta NOTA: Per ottenere il sangue tramite puntura cardiaca, farlo appena prima di questo passaggio. <ol><li> Riempire una siringa da 10 cc con 10 ml di ghiaccio sterile 1x freddo tampone fosfato (PBS), e inserire un ago calibro 25 alla siringa. </li><li> Inserire delicatamente l&#39;ago nel ventricolo sinistro del cuore. </li><li> Tagliare l&#39;atrio destro per alleviare l&#39;accumulo di pressione da perfusione. Profumato il contenuto della siringa nel mouse sopra 2 - 3 min. </li><li> Utilizzare garza sterile all&#39;apertura nell&#39;atrio destro di assorbire liquido di perfusione. </li></ol> 4. L&#39;isolamento e l&#39;escissione del Aorta <ol><li> Al termine del perfusion, utilizzare garza sterile per assorbire eventuali residui di liquido opacità il campo di vista nella cavità toracica. </li><li> Esporre contenuto gastrointestinale tagliando caudalmente attraverso la parete addominale, estendendo l&#39;incisione alla zona sovrapubica. Estendere l&#39;incisione più verso gli arti inferiori bilateralmente per creare lembi di pelle che possono essere risolti o escisse. </li><li> Rimuovere i lobi del fegato, pancreas, stomaco, milza e intestino per visualizzare meglio l&#39;aorta. Fare attenzione quando sezionare vicino alla regione perirenale, l&#39;aorta è superficiale ai rami delle arterie renali. NOTA: Eseguire questo passaggio in una precisa e immatricolarsi modo il tratto gastrointestinale è ricco di batteri che aumenta la propensione per la contaminazione. </li><li> Risciacquare la zona con PBS 1x e rimuovere tutto il fluido per assorbimento con una garza sterile. </li><li> Utilizzando microscissors sterili e microforceps, separare l&#39;aorta dalla dorsale spina dorsale e l&#39;esofago ventrale.E &#39;meglio usare scollamento e utilizzando un microscopio dissezione per questo. NOTA: In isolare l&#39;aorta, avviare caudalmente alla biforcazione iliaca e spostare cranialmente pulizia e separazione l&#39;aorta dalla superficie dorsale della cavità o iniziare craniale le carotidi e le arterie brachiocefalici dissezione caudale. Entrambi i metodi è appropriato ed è fino al comfort ricercatori. </li><li> Rimuovere il tessuto adiposo perivascolare utilizzando sottili microscissors assicurandosi di non rimuovere una porzione della parete aortica. Questo è essenziale per ridurre al minimo la possibilità di contaminazione dei fibroblasti quando la coltura di cellule muscolari lisce aortiche. </li></ol>

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	<li>Go, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+disease+and+stroke+statistics--2014+update:+a+report+from+the+American+Heart+Association.">Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.</a> Circulation. 129 (3), 28-292 (2014).</li><li>Ross, R., Harker, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperlipidemia+and+atherosclerosis.">Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.</a> Science. 193 (4258), 1094-1100 (1976).</li><li>Clouse, W. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+aortic+dissection:+population-based+incidence+compared+with+degenerative+aortic+aneurysm+rupture.">Acute aortic dissection: population-based incidence compared with degenerative aortic aneurysm rupture.</a> Mayo Clin Proc. 79 (2), 176-180 (2004).</li><li>Daugherty, A., Cassis, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+abdominal+aortic+aneurysms.">Mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysms.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24 (3), 429-434 (2004).</li><li>Pleumeekers, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aneurysms+of+the+abdominal+aorta+in+older+adults.+The+Rotterdam+Study.">Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in older adults. The Rotterdam Study.</a> Am J Epidemiol. 142 (12), 1291-1299 (1995).</li><li>Brophy, C. M., Reilly, J. M., Smit, G. J., Tilson, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+inflammation+in+nonspecific+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+disease.">The role of inflammation in nonspecific abdominal aortic aneurysm disease.</a> Ann Vasc Surg. 5 (3), 229-233 (1991).</li><li>Ray, J. L., Leach, R., Herbert, J. M., Benson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells+from+a+single+murine+aorta.">Isolation of vascular smooth muscle cells from a single murine aorta.</a> Methods Cell Sci. 23 (4), 185-188 (2001).</li><li>Weiss, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+the+murine+cardiovascular+system+with+magnetic+resonance.">Imaging the murine cardiovascular system with magnetic resonance.</a> Circ Res. 88 (6), 550-551 (2001).</li><li>Graham, E. L., Balla, C., Franchino, H., Melman, Y., del Monte, F., Das, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+culture,+and+functional+characterization+of+adult+mouse+cardiomyoctyes.">Isolation culture, and functional characterization of adult mouse cardiomyoctyes.</a> J Vis Exp. (79), 50289 (2013).</li><li>Wassef, M., Upchurch, G. R., Kuivaniemi, H., Thompson, R. W., Tilson, M. D. 3. r. d. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Challenges+and+opportunities+in+abdominal+aortic+aneurysm+research.">Challenges and opportunities in abdominal aortic aneurysm research.</a> J Vasc Surg. 45 (1), 192-198 (2007).</li></ol>

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Aortic disease can lead to significant systemic pathology and possibly death in severe cases. Treatment options are currently limited therefore continued research in the field is necessary10. Murine models are ideal to further study disease progression and potentially therapeutic options4. Therefore, the successful completion of the method described in this manuscript will provide investigators with the tools to measure disease progression and drug efficacy. 
This techniq...

L&#39;aorta gioca un ruolo centrale in funzione cardiovascolare fornendo il corpo con sangue ossigenato e simili ad altri parti del corpo, è suscettibile di malattia. Malattie dell&#39;aorta comuni includono l&#39;aterosclerosi e aneurisma, che sono il risultato di fattori genetici e ambientali, tra cui la dieta, il fumo e la sedentarietà 1. L&#39;aterosclerosi è la deposizione di un calcio- e la placca base lipidica alla parete aortica tipicamente riscontrati in pazienti con iperlipidemia cronica 2. Gli aneurismi sono caratterizzati dalla degradazione dei componenti strutturali della aorta e assottigliamento della parete del vaso, seguite da un maggiore diametro che potrebbe infine portare alla rottura 3. Modelli animali sono strumenti importanti utilizzati per studiare il meccanismo della malattia e l&#39;efficacia di potenziali trattamenti. Modelli animali comuni utilizzati nella ricerca cardiovascolare, in particolare di ricerca sui disturbi vascolari e metabolicheincludere i topi geneticamente modificati per alterare i livelli di lipidi, come knockout gene apolipoproteina E e lipoproteine ​​a bassa densità gene del recettore knockout mice 4. La maggior parte dei metodi per valutare meccanismi della malattia e l&#39;efficacia della terapia includerebbe l&#39;isolamento e l&#39;escissione dell&#39;aorta. Una volta che l&#39;aorta è localizzata e isolata, analisi morfometrica può essere determinata, come la presenza di un aneurisma, tipicamente definita come un aumento superiore al 50% del diametro 5. Dopo necessarie analisi in situ è completa, l&#39;aorta può essere asportato per ulteriori analisi. Un aorta asportato può essere congelato lampeggerà condurre studi molecolari come proteine ​​e / o saggi di espressione genica o fisso utilizzando 4% paraformaldeide e successivamente incorporato, sezionati e colorati per l&#39;analisi istologica. L&#39;analisi istologica dell&#39;aorta può dimostrare le caratteristiche comuni della malattia aortica come il degrado strutturale, la formazione di placca, e l&#39;infiltrazione dei leucociti &lt;sup&gt; 6,7. Inoltre, l&#39;aorta asportato può essere utilizzata per isolare linee cellulari primarie comprese cellule muscolari lisce endoteliali e che possono successivamente essere utilizzati per una varietà di studi in vitro 7. Attualmente, non ci sono altri metodi per fornire questa caratterizzazione approfondita della patologia aortica nonché fornire ricercatori con strumenti che studiare ulteriormente malattie cardiovascolari. Modalità di imaging come la risonanza magnetica, tomografia computerizzata e l&#39;ecografia sono i metodi più vicini per valutare morfologicamente l&#39;aorta, ma questo è difficile nei piccoli animali e ottenere un dispositivo con tecnologia adeguata è costosa 8. Linee cellulari immortali possono essere acquistati per studiare potenziali meccanismi della malattia e dell&#39;efficacia delle terapie, ma la natura artificiale di queste cellule limitano a studiare gli effetti sul ciclo di vita delle cellule e l&#39;apoptosi 9. L&#39;obiettivo generale diquesto manoscritto è quello di dimostrare l&#39;isolamento sterile e escissione dell&#39;aorta murine nella ricerca delle malattie cardiovascolari.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Med-Vet International</td><td>#RXISO-250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% ethanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td>07-678-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate buffered saline</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P5368-10PAK</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical tape</td><td>3M</td><td>1527-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gauze</td><td>Dukal Corporations</td><td>1312</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 gauge needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 ml syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309604</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation and excision of murine aorta; a versatile technique in the study of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease is a broad term describing disease of the heart and/or blood vessels. The main blood vessel supplying the body with oxygenated blood is the aorta. The aorta may become affected in diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm. Researchers investigating these diseases would benefit from direct observation of the aorta to characterize disease progression as well as to evaluate efficacy of potential therapeutics. The goal of this protocol is to describe proper isolation and excision of the aorta to aid investigators researching cardiovascular disease. Isolation and excision of the aorta allows investigators to look at gross morphometric changes as wells as allowing them to preserve and stain the tissue to look at histologic changes if desired. The aorta may be used for molecular studies to evaluate protein and gene expression to discover targets of interest and mechanisms of action. This technique is superior to imaging modalities as they have inherent limitations in technology and cost. Additionally, primary isolated cells from a freshly isolated and excised aorta can allowing researchers to perform further in situ and in vitro assays. The isolation and excision of the aorta has the limitation of having to sacrifice the animal however, in this case the benefits outweigh the harm as it is the most versatile technique in the study of aortic disease.

Al termine della procedura, ci sarà un aorta intatta proveniente dal cuore, scendendo nella cavità toracica e addominale, con le arterie renali ancora attaccate (Figura 1A). Da qui, l&#39;aorta può essere ripreso in situ di quantificare cambiamenti morfometrici che sono diagnostica nello studio degli aneurismi dell&#39;aorta addominale (Figura 1B e 1C). Successivamente, l&#39;aorta può essere rimosso, fisso e tinto a guardare i cambiamenti istologici. Una m...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Excision of Murine Aorta; A Versatile Technique in the Study of Cardiovascular Disease at JoVE.com

Isolation and Excision of Murine Aorta; A Versatile Technique in the Study of Cardiovascular Disease

Pathology of the aorta can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, therefore research of disease progression and potential therapies is warranted. Here, we present a protocol to isolate and excise the murine aorta to aid researchers in their investigation of cardiovascular disease.

Isolamento e Asportazione di Murine Aorta; Una tecnica versatile nello studio delle malattie cardiovascolari

Cardiovascular disease is a broad term describing disease of the heart and/or blood vessels. The main blood vessel supplying the body with oxygenated ...

isolation-excision-murine-aorta-versatile-technique-study

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

32.3K Views.  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Pathology of the aorta can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, therefore research of disease progression and potential therapies is warranted. Here, we present a protocol to isolate and excise the murine aorta to aid researchers in their investigation of cardiovascular disease. 

Video: Isolation and Excision of Murine Aorta; A Versatile Technique in the Study of Cardiovascular Disease

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. This is largely true, but there are a number of important principles that can reduce the difficulty of these procedures and enhance reproducibility. Orthotopic aortic transplantation is an excellent procedure in which to learn these principles because it involves only two end-to-end anastomoses, but requires good suturing technique and handling of the vessels for consistent success. This procedure begins with the procurement of a length of abdominal aorta from a donor animal, followed by division of the native aorta in the recipient. The procured aorta is then placed between the divided ends of the recipient aorta and sutured into place using end-to-end anastomoses. To accomplish this objective successfully requires a high degree of concentration, good tools, a steady hand, and an appreciation of how easily the vasculature of a mouse can be damaged, resulting in thrombosis. Learning these important principles is what occupies most of the beginner's time when learning microsurgery in small rodents. Throughout this protocol, we refer to these important points. This model can be used to study vascular disease in a variety of different experimental systems1-8. In the context shown here, it is most often used for the study of post-transplant vascular disease, a common long-term complication of solid organ transplantation in which intimal hyperplasia occurs within the allograft. The primary advantage of the model is that it facilitates quantitative morphometric analyses and the transplanted vessel lies contiguous to the endogenous vessel, which can serve as an additional control9. The technique shown here is most often used for mice weighing 18-25 grams. We have accumulated most of our experience using the C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ strains.

We describe a technique in which a section of the abdominal aorta from a mouse is transplanted orthotopically to just below the renal arteries in an allogeneic or syngeneic recipient. This technique can be useful in studies in which transplantation of large arteries of uniform size is deemed advantageous.

Aortica trapianto ortotopico in Mouse per lo studio della malattia vascolare

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the aorta in mice using the sleeve method was short and easy averaging 20 min, permitting studies of iso/allo grafts. The following article describes the aortic transplantation procedure used in our laboratory. The mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 1.5% volume isoflurane and 100% oxygen through a face mask. At this point, the segment of the aorta between the renal arteries and its bifurcation was separated from the vena cava, freely prepared and clampedat the proximal and distal segments with a single silk suture. Prior to the removal of the aorta, a saline solution containing heparin was injected into the inferior vena cava. Then the aorta was cut between the clamps and a saline heparin solution was used to flush the lumen. The sleeve technique with monofilament sutures was used in order to transplant the abdominal aorta in the orthotopic position.

We present an orthotopic aortic transplantation model using the sleeve technique in mice. It is a very rapid anastomosis method, which can be employed in studies of vascular disease.

Utilizzando la tecnica di manica in un modello murino di trapianto aortico - un Video didattico

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. However, only minor improvement in the long-term results of transplanted solid organs could be observed over the past decades. In this context, chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) still represents the leading cause of late organ failure in cardiac, renal and pulmonary transplantation.
Thus far, the underlying pathogenesis of CAV development remains unclear, explaining why effective treatment strategies are presently missing and emphasizing a need for relevant experimental models in order to study the underlying pathophysiology leading to CAV formation. The following protocol describes a murine heterotopic cervical aortic transplantation model using a modified non-suture cuff technique. In this technique, a segment of the thoracic aorta is interpositioned in the right common carotid artery. With the use of the non-suture cuff technique, an easy to learn and reproducible model can be established, minimizing the possible heterogeneity of sutured vascular micro anastomoses.

Here, we present a protocol of heterotopic aortic transplantation in mice using the non-suture cuff technique in a cervical murine model. This model can be used to study the underlying pathology of chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and can help evaluate new therapeutic agents in order to prevent its formation.

Modello di trapianto aortico cervicale murine utilizzando una tecnica di manette non sutura modificata

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. ...

Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice

A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction and electrical activity. Hence, isolating viable, high-quality cardiomyocytes from the heart is the initial and most crucial experimental step. Comparing the various protocols for isolating the cardiomyocytes of adult mice, the Langendorff retrograde perfusion is the most successful and reproducible method reported in the literature, especially for isolating ventricular myocytes. However, isolating quality atrial myocytes from the perfused heart remains challenging, and few successful isolation reports are available. Solving this complicated problem is extremely important because apart from ventricular disease, atrial disease accounts for a large part of heart diseases. Therefore, further investigations on the cellular level to reveal the mechanisms are warranted. In this paper, a protocol based on the Langendorff retrograde perfusion method is introduced and some modifications in the depth of aorta cannulation and the steps that may affect the digestion process to isolate atrial and ventricular myocytes were simultaneously made. Moreover, the isolated cardiomyocytes are confirmed to be amenable to patch clamp investigation.

This protocol describes modifications of the Langendorff method including the depth of aorta cannulation for simultaneous Isolation of atrial and ventricular myocytes from adult mice.

Modifiche del metodo Langendorff per l'isolamento simultaneo di miociti atriali e ventricolari da topi adulti

A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

Isolamento e colture primarie di cellule di topo aortica endoteliali

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

Biologia

Isolation of Murine Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

While the isolation and culture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from large vessels is well established, we sought to isolate and culture VSMCs from the coronary circulation. Hearts with intact aortic arches were removed and perfused via retrograde Langendorff with digestion solution containing 300 Units/ml of collagenase type II, 0.1 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor and 1 M CaCl2. The perfusates were collected at 15 min intervals for 90 min, pelleted by centrifugation, resuspended in plating media, and plated on tissue culture dishes. VSMCs were characterized by presence of SM22&#945;, &#945;-SMA, and vimentin. One of the main advantages of using this technique is the ability to isolate VSMCs from the coronary circulation of mice. Although the small number of cells obtained can limit some of the applications for which the cells can be utilized, isolated coronary VSMCs can be used in a variety of well-established cell culture techniques and assays. Studies investigating VSMCs from genetically modified mice can provide further information about structure-function and signaling processes associated with vascular pathologies.

The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate the isolation and culture techniques of murine primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the coronary circulation. Once VSMCs have been isolated, they can be used for many standard culture techniques.

L&#39;isolamento di Murine coronarica vascolari cellule muscolari lisce

While the isolation and culture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from large vessels is well established, we sought to isolate and culture VSMCs ...

Murine Aortic Crush Injury: An Efficient In Vivo Model of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Endothelial Function

Arterial reconstruction, whether angioplasty or bypass surgery, involves iatrogenic trauma causing endothelial disruption and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Common murine models study small vessels such as the carotid and femoral arteries. Herein we describe an in vivo system in which both VSMC proliferation and endothelial barrier function can be simultaneously assessed in a large vessel. We studied the infrarenal aortic response to injury in C57BL/6 mice. The aorta was injured from the left renal vein to the aortic bifurcation by 30 transmural crushes of 5-seconds duration with a cotton-tipped applicator. Morphological changes were assessed with conventional histology. Aorta wall thickness was measured from the luminal surface to the adventitia. EdU integration and counter staining with DAPI and alpha-actin was used to demonstrate VSMC proliferation. Activation of ERK1/2, a known moderator of intimal hyperplasia formation, was determined by Western Blot analysis. The effect of inflammation was determined by immunohistochemistry for B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages. En face sections of endothelium were visualized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Endothelial barrier function was determined with Evans Blue staining. Transmural injury resulted in aortic wall thickening. This injury induced VSMC proliferation, most prominently at 3 days after injury, and early activation of ERK1/2 and decreased p27kip1 expression. Injury did not result in increased B-cells, T-cells, or macrophages infiltration in the vessel wall. Injury caused partial endothelial cell denudation and loss of cell-cell contact. Injury resulted in a significant loss of endothelial barrier function, which returned to baseline after seven days. The murine transmural blunt aortic injury model provides an efficient system to simultaneously study both VSMC proliferation and endothelial barrier function in a large vessel.

Murine Aortic Crush Injury: An Efficient In Vivo Model of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Endothelial Function

Restenosis following cardiovascular procedures (bypass surgery, angioplasty, or stenting) is a significant problem reducing the durability of these procedures. An ideal therapy would inhibit smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation while promoting regeneration of the endothelium. We describe a model for simultaneous assessment of VSMC proliferation and endothelial function in vivo.

Lesione aortica di crusca a murina: un efficace<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Modello di proliferazione cellulare liscia e funzione endoteliale

Arterial reconstruction, whether angioplasty or bypass surgery, involves iatrogenic trauma causing endothelial disruption and vascular smooth muscle cell ...

A Modified Technique for Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a frequently used surgery in research regarding heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy based on the formation of pressure overload in mouse models. The main challenge of this procedure is to clearly visualize the transverse aortic arch and precisely band the target vessel. Classical approaches perform a partial thoracotomy to expose the transverse aortic arch. However, it is an open-chest model that causes a rather large surgical trauma and requires a ventilator during the surgery. To prevent unnecessary trauma and simplify the operating procedure, the aortic arch is approached via the proximal proportion of the sternum, reaching and binding the target vessel using a small self-made retractor that contains a snare. This procedure can be conducted without entering the pleura cavity and does not need a ventilator or microsurgical operation, which leaves the mice with physiological breathing patterns, simplifies the procedure, and significantly reduces operation time. Due to the less invasive approach and less operation time, mice can undergo fewer stress reactions and recover rapidly.

The present protocol describes a modified and simplified technique with a minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (TAC) procedure using a self-made retractor. This procedure can be conducted without a ventilator or microscope and introduces pressure overload, eventually leading to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure.

Una tecnica modificata per la costrizione aortica trasversale nei topi

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a frequently used surgery in research regarding heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy based on the formation of ...

Isolation and Analysis of Aortic Arch and Root Lesions in an Atherosclerotic Mouse Model

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, necessitates a detailed examination of lesion development and progression. This study introduces a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and histological analysis of aortic arch and root lesions in a widely used atherosclerotic mouse model, low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (Ldlr-/-) mice. The aortic arch and root are key sites for atherosclerotic lesions, and their examination is critical for assessing the onset, progression, or regression of atherosclerosis, predicting cardiovascular event risks, and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This protocol outlines methods for quantifying atherosclerotic burden in the aortic arch and root, including tissue isolation, fixation, Oil Red O staining, aortic root sectioning, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) staining, and image analysis. Oil Red O staining measures plaque area in the aortic arch, evaluating the severity of atherosclerosis, while HE staining of the aortic root reveals plaque components such as the lipid core and fibrous cap, facilitating the assessment of plaque stability and rupture risk. VVG staining can stain collagen fibers within tissues, providing further insights into plaque composition and related information. This thorough analysis offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of lesion development and may guide the creation of novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

This protocol provides a comprehensive methodology for the quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaques to facilitate more in-depth research into the mechanisms and progression of atherosclerosis.

Isolamento e analisi delle lesioni dell'arco aortico e della radice in un modello murino aterosclerotico

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, necessitates a detailed examination of lesion development and progression. This study ...

Surgical Aortic Debanding: A Procedure to Study Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Murine Model of Aortic Constriction

Source: Goncalves-Rodrigues, P. et al. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/video/60036" target="_blank">Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)
This video demonstrates the technique of aortic debanding, which can lead to reverse remodeling to limit the progression towards heart failure in a murine model. Post debanding, a significant reduction of ventricular afterload triggers regression of ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, causing a recovery in cardiac function.

Debanding chirurgico dell'aorta: una procedura per studiare il rimodellamento inverso del ventricolo sinistro in un modello murino di costrizione aortica

Isolamento e Asportazione di Murine Aorta; Una tecnica versatile nello studio delle malattie cardiovascolari

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