Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
Associated symptoms include abdominal distention, bloating, nausea, flatulence, an urgency to have a bowel movement, mucus in the stool, and a persistent sensation of incomplete evacuation. Notably, abdominal bloating often leads to visible distention. Besides gastrointestinal symptoms, non-gastrointestinal manifestations such as fatigue, headaches, and sleep disturbances may occur.
The diagnosis of IBS follows the Rome symptom-based criteria, which require the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort at least once a day over the last three months. The pain should be associated with two or more of the following:
This systematic approach helps identify specific patterns of symptoms indicative of IBS.
To rule out other gastrointestinal conditions and confirm an IBS diagnosis, various diagnostic tests may be recommended, including:
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