המחברים היו רוצים להודות ד&quot;ר Nai-Sum וונג על מתן המנגנון קאמרית היפוקסיה וגברת אליס לואי עבור התמיכה הטכנית.

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	<li>Wiliams, R. R., Bunge, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell+transplantation:+a+repair+strategy+for+spinal+cord+injury?.">Schwann cell transplantation: a repair strategy for spinal cord injury?.</a> Prog Brain Res. 201, 295-312 (2012).</li><li>Kanno, H., Pearse, D. D., Ozawa, H., Itoi, E., Bunge, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell+transplantation+for+spinal+cord+injury+repair:+its+significant+therapeutic+potential+and+prospectus.">Schwann cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair: its significant therapeutic potential and prospectus.</a> Rev Neurosci. 26 (2), 121-128 (2015).</li><li>Lindvall, O., Kokaia, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+in+human+neurodegenerative+disorders--time+for+clinical+translation?.">Stem cells in human neurodegenerative disorders--time for clinical translation?.</a> J Clin Invest. 120 (1), 29-40 (2010).</li><li>Terzic, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+Differentiation+of+Oligodendrocyte+Progenitor+Cells+From+Mouse+Induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells.">Directed Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.</a> Cell Transplant. 25 (2), 411-424 (2016).</li><li>Takashima, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroepithelial+cells+supply+an+initial+transient+wave+of+MSC+differentiation.">Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation.</a> Cell. 129 (7), 1377-1388 (2007).</li><li>Felling, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+stem/progenitor+cells+participate+in+the+regenerative+response+to+perinatal+hypoxia/ischemia.">Neural stem/progenitor cells participate in the regenerative response to perinatal hypoxia/ischemia.</a> J Neurosci. 26 (16), 4359-4369 (2006).</li><li>Shea, G. K., Tsui, A. Y., Chan, Y. S., Shum, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow-derived+Schwann+cells+achieve+fate+commitment--a+prerequisite+for+remyelination+therapy.">Bone marrow-derived Schwann cells achieve fate commitment--a prerequisite for remyelination therapy.</a> Exp Neurol. 224 (2), 448-458 (2010).</li><li>Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+origin+and+development+of+glial+cells+in+peripheral+nerves.">The origin and development of glial cells in peripheral nerves.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 6 (9), 671-682 (2005).</li><li>Mung, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+efficient+generation+of+neural+progenitors+from+adult+bone+marrow+stromal+cells+by+hypoxic+preconditioning.">Rapid and efficient generation of neural progenitors from adult bone marrow stromal cells by hypoxic preconditioning.</a> Stem Cell Res Ther. 7 (1), 146 (2016).</li><li>Ao, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+regeneration+of+transected+sciatic+nerves+of+adult+rats+using+chitosan+nerve+conduits+seeded+with+bone+marrow+stromal+cell-derived+Schwann+cells.">The regeneration of transected sciatic nerves of adult rats using chitosan nerve conduits seeded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived Schwann cells.</a> Biomaterials. 32 (3), 787-796 (2011).</li><li>Tondreau, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+BM+mesenchymal+stem+cells+by+plastic+adhesion+or+negative+selection:+phenotype,+proliferation+kinetics+and+differentiation+potential.">Isolation of BM mesenchymal stem cells by plastic adhesion or negative selection: phenotype, proliferation kinetics and differentiation potential.</a> Cytotherapy. 6 (4), 372-379 (2004).</li><li>Baksh, D., Song, L., Tuan, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+mesenchymal+stem+cells:+characterization,+differentiation,+and+application+in+cell+and+gene+therapy.">Adult mesenchymal stem cells: characterization, differentiation, and application in cell and gene therapy.</a> J Cell Mol Med. 8 (3), 301-316 (2004).</li><li>Jirsova, K., Sodaar, P., Mandys, V., Bar, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cold+jet:+a+method+to+obtain+pure+Schwann+cell+cultures+without+the+need+for+cytotoxic,+apoptosis-inducing+drug+treatment.">Cold jet: a method to obtain pure Schwann cell cultures without the need for cytotoxic, apoptosis-inducing drug treatment.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 78 (1-2), 133-137 (1997).</li></ol>

כל המחברים של כתב היד הזה אין כל גילוי כדי להכריז.

זה חיוני כדי לשמר את &quot;גזע&quot; של MSCs לפני העשרה של אבות עצביים באמצעות תנאים מוקדמים היפוקסי ותרבות neurosphere. מניסיוננו, MSCs ריבוי יכול להיות מזוהה באופן מהימן על ידי מורפולוגיה fibroblast שלהם מוארך כמו. לעומת זאת, MSCs אשר אימצו מורפולוגיה מרובעת יותר, מרובעת, עם סיבי הלחץ הבו...

השתלת אבות עצביים ונגזרותיהם מדגימה את ההבטחה כאסטרטגיה טיפולית בעקבות פגיעה עצבית טראומטית 1 , 2 ונוירוגנרטיון 3 , 4 . לפני היישום הקליני, זה חיוני כדי להבטיח: א) שיטה לגישה והרחבה על מקור אוטולוגי של גזע / תאים אב ו 2) אמצעי לכוון אותם סוגי תאים רלוונטיים, בוגרת 3 . ההתעניינות שלנו בטיפול בתאי פציעה בחוט השדרה הובילה אותנו לחפש מקור תא אוטולוגי חזק ואבולוצי של אבות עצביים ברקמות של מבוגרים. תת אוכלוסיות של MSC מקורן בכף עצבי, והוא נגיש בקלות מחלל המפרק. תאים אלה הם אבות עצביים שיכולים ליצור נוירונים וגליה 5 . מודלים של בעלי חיים של איסכמיה מוחית מראים כי היפוקסיה מקדמת את ההרגעה<html> Iferation ו multipotency של אבות עצביים בתוך המוח 6 . זה היה הבסיס לשימוש התנאי היפוקסי כאמצעי להרחבת על אבות עצביים הנגזרים על מוח. השתלת תאי Schwann לתוך חוט השדרה הפצוע מקדם התחדשות 2 . SCLCs ניתן לייצר MSCs באמצעות תוספת עם גורמים gliogenic ( כלומר, β-Heregulin, bFGF, ו PDGF-AA), אבל להפגין יציבות פנוטיפית. עם הנסיגה של גורמי גדילה, הם לחזור פנוטיפ דמוי fibroblast 7 . אי-יציבות פנוטיפית אינה רצויה בהשתלות תאים בשל הסיכון של הבחנה חריגה וסרטן. כמו מבשרי התא Schwann קשורות עם צרורות האקסון בתוך העצב ההיקפי עובריים 8 , הובילו cLCulture coculture עם נוירונים DRG מטוהרים עובריים 7 ,התחת = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 9. תאים בוגרת שוואן בשלבים הם גורל מחויבים להפגין פונקציה במבחנה 7 , 9 ו in vivo 10 . הפרוטוקול שלנו להעשרת אבות עצביים מ MSC הוא פשוט ויעיל ותוצאות גידול במספר התא עבור מבחני הבאים. הגזירה של תאי גורן מחויבים באמצעות פלטפורמת coculture מאפשר לימוד של הבדל גלייה ועל הדור של תאים שוואן יציבה ופונקציונלית עבור יישומים קליניים פוטנציאליים.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&amp;alpha;MEM</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>M4526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM/F12</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>12400-024</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neurobasal medium</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>21103-049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Biosera</td><td>FB-1280/500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>B27</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>17504-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Epidermal growth factor (EGF)</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>PHG0313</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>100-18B/100UG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nerve growth factor (NGF)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Millipore</td><td>NC011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA)</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>100-13A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heregulin beta-3, EGF domain (&amp;beta;-Her)</td><td>Millipore</td><td>01-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Uridine</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>U3003</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-Fluro-2&#039; - deoxyuridine (FDU)</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>F0503</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly-D-lysine (PDL)</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>P7886-1G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laminin</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>23017015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GlutaMAX</td><td>Thermofisher scientific</td><td>35050061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin / streptomycin (P/S)</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>15140-122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TrypLE Express</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>12604-013</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 cm plate for adherent culture</td><td>TPP</td><td>93100</td><td>Used for selection of MSCs by tissue culture adherence</td></tr><tr><td>6-well plate for adherent culture</td><td>TPP</td><td>92006</td><td>Used for expansion of MSCs following passaging</td></tr><tr><td>UltraLow 6-well plate for non-adherent culture</td><td>Corning</td><td>3471</td><td>Used for neural progenitor enrichment</td></tr><tr><td>anti-human CD90(Thy-1)</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>555593</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-human CD73</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>550256</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-human/rat STRO-1</td><td>R&amp;amp;D Systems</td><td>MAB1038</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-human nestin</td><td>R&amp;amp;D Systems</td><td>MAB1259</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-human CD45</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>555480</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-rat CD90(Thy-1)</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>554895</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-rat CD73</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>551123</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-rat nestin</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>MAB1259</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-rat CD45</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>554875</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-S100&amp;beta;</td><td>Dako</td><td>Z031101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-p75</td><td>Millipore</td><td>MAB5386</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-GFAP</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>G3893</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Class III-beta tubulin (Tuj-1)</td><td>Covance</td><td>MMS-435P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-Human nuclei</td><td>Millipore</td><td>MAB1281</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hypoxia chamber</td><td>Billups-Rothenberg</td><td>MIC-101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES buffer</td><td>Sigmaaldrich</td><td>H4034-100G</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

hypoxic preconditioning of marrow-derived progenitor cells as a source for the generation of mature schwann cells

כתב יד זה מתאר אמצעי להעשרתם של אבות עצביים מאוכלוסיית תאי החלב (MSC) ולאחר מכן להפנותם אל גורל התא הבוגר של שוואן. ערכנו חולדות וחולי סרטן אנושיים לתנאים היפוקסיים חולפים (חמצן של 1% ל -16 שעות), ולאחר מכן התרחבות כנוירוספרה על מצע נמוך עם גורם גדילה של אפידרמיס (EGF) / תוספת גורמי גידולי פיברובלסטים בסיסיים (bFGF). Neurospheres היו seeded על פולי-D- ליזין / laminin מצופה רקמה תרבות פלסטיק ו מתורבת בקוקטייל gliogenic המכיל β-Heregulin, bFGF, ו טסיות הנגזרות גורם הצמיחה (PDGF) לייצר תאים דמויי תא שוואן (SCLCs). SCLCs היו מופנים למחויבות הגורל באמצעות coculture במשך 2 שבועות עם נוירונים השורש הגבי מטוהרים (DRG) נוצרים המתקבלים E14-15 הרות חולדה Sprague Dawley. תאים בשלה שוואן להוכיח התמדה ביטוי S100β / p75 ויכול ליצור קטעי myelin. תאים שנוצרו באופן זה יש פוטנציאל אPplications ב השתלת תאים אוטולוגיים בעקבות פגיעה בחוט השדרה, כמו גם דוגמנות המחלה.

סקירה של שלבי המפתח בפרוטוקול שלנו הוא באיור 1 . לסיכום, חולדה MSCs אנושיים נבחרים על ידי דבקות פלסטיק תרבות רקמות. MSC מורחב מותנים מראש עם היפוקסיה והם כפופים לתנאי נוירופר. Neurospheres הם מצופה מותר להבדיל SCLCs. SCLCs הם cocultured עם נוירונים DRG מטו?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells at JoVE.com

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

תאים מוחיים סטרומליים (MSC) עם פוטנציאל עצבי קיימים בתוך מוח העצם. הפרוטוקול שלנו מעשיר אוכלוסייה זו של תאים באמצעות תנאים מוקדמים היפוקסי ולאחר מכן מפנה אותם להפוך לתאי Schwann בוגרת.

Hypoxic Preonditioning של תאים יליד מארו נגזר כמקור לדור של תאים שוואן בוגרת

This manuscript describes a means to enrich for neural progenitors from the marrow stromal cell (MSC) population and thereafter to direct them to the ...

hypoxic-preconditioning-marrow-derived-progenitor-cells-as-source-for

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

7.2K Views.  The University of Hong Kong.  תאים מוחיים סטרומליים (MSC) עם פוטנציאל עצבי קיימים בתוך מוח העצם. הפרוטוקול שלנו מעשיר אוכלוסייה זו של תאים באמצעות תנאים מוקדמים היפוקסי ולאחר מכן מפנה אותם להפוך לתאי Schwann בוגרת. 

Video: Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice

This is a protocol for derivation of glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells from the spinal cord of E13 mouse fetuses. These cells are early precursors within the oligodendrocytic cell lineage. Recently, these cells have been studied as potential source for restorative therapies in white matter diseases. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the leading cause of non-genetic white matter disease in childhood and affects up to 50% of extremely premature infants. The data suggest a heightened susceptibility of the developing brain to hypoxia-ischemia, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity that selectively targets nascent white matter. Glial restricted precursors (GRP), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and immature oligodendrocytes (preOL) seem to be key players in the development of PVL and are the subject of continuing studies. Furthermore, previous studies have identified a subset of CNS tissue that has increased susceptibility to glutamate excitotoxicity as well as a developmental pattern to this susceptibility. Our laboratory is currently investigating the role of oligodendrocyte progenitors in PVL and use cells at the GRP stage of development. We utilize these derived GRP cells in several experimental paradigms to test their response to select stresses consistent with PVL. GRP cells can be manipulated in vitro into OPCs and preOL for transplantation experiments with mouse PVL models and in vitro models of PVL-like insults including hypoxia-ischemia. By using cultured cells and in vitro studies there would be reduced variability between experiments which facilitates interpretation of the data. Cultured cells also allows for enrichment of the GRP population while minimizing the impact of contaminating cells of non-GRP phenotype.

This protocol outlines the derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from fetal spinal cords and maintained in vitro either for transplantation or for the study of oligodendrocytic lineage.

הגזירה של מבשרי מוגבלים גליה מ E13 עכברים

This is a protocol for derivation of glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells from the spinal cord of E13 mouse fetuses. These cells are early precursors ...

Neuroscience

Generation of Large Numbers of Myeloid Progenitors and Dendritic Cell Precursors from Murine Bone Marrow Using a Novel Cell Sorting Strategy

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have recently been recognized to be more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. These cultures routinely contain moDC as well monocyte-derived macrophages (moMac), and even some less developed cells such as monocytes. The goal of this protocol is to provide a consistent method for identification and separation of the many cell types present in these cultures as they develop, so that their specific functions may be further investigated. The sorting strategy presented here separates cells first into four populations based on expression of Ly6C and CD115, both of which are expressed transiently by cells as they develop in GM-CSF-driven culture. These four populations include Common myeloid progenitors or CMP (Ly6C-, CD115-), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors or GMP (Ly6C+, CD115-), monocytes (Ly6C+, CD115+), and monocyte-derived macrophages or moMac (Ly6C-, CD115+). CD11c is also added to the sorting strategy to distinguish two populations within the Ly6C-, CD115- population: CMP (CD11c-) and moDC (CD11c+). Finally, two populations may be further distinguished within the Ly6C-, CD115+ population based on the level of MHC class II expression. MoMacs express lower levels of MHC class II, while a monocyte-derived DC precursor (moDP) expresses higher MHC class II. This method allows for the reliable isolation of several developmentally distinct populations in numbers sufficient for a variety of functional and developmental analyses. We highlight one such functional readout, the differential responses of these cell types to stimulation with Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs).

Here we provide a method for identifying and isolating large numbers of GM-CSF driven myeloid cells using high speed cell sorting. Five distinct populations (Common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived DCs) can be identified based on Ly6C and CD115 expression.

דור מספר גדול של תאים מיאלואידים אבות ו מבשרי תא דנדריטי ממח העצם מאתר באמצעות תא הרומן מיון אסטרטגיה

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have ...

Immunology and Infection

Identification and Isolation of Oligopotent and Lineage-committed Myeloid Progenitors from Mouse Bone Marrow

Myeloid progenitors that yield neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) can be identified in and isolated from the bone marrow of mice for hematological and immunological analyses. For example, studies of the cellular and molecular properties of myeloid progenitor populations can reveal mechanisms underlying leukemic transformation, or demonstrate how the immune system responds to pathogen exposure. Previously described flow cytometry strategies for myeloid progenitor identification have enabled significant advances in many fields, but the fractions they identify are very heterogeneous. The most commonly used gating strategies define bone marrow fractions that are enriched for the desired populations, but also contain large numbers of &#34;contaminating&#34; progenitors. Our recent studies have resolved much of this heterogeneity, and the protocol we present here permits the isolation of 6 subpopulations of oligopotent and lineage-committed myeloid progenitors from 2 previously described bone marrow fractions. The protocol describes 3 stages: 1) isolation of bone marrow cells, 2) enrichment for hematopoietic progenitors by magnetic-activated cell sorting (lineage depletion by MACS), and 3) identification of myeloid progenitor subsets by flow cytometry (including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS, if desired). This approach permits progenitor quantification and isolation for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications, and has already yielded novel insight into pathways and mechanisms of neutrophil, monocyte, and DC differentiation.

We demonstrate how to identify and isolate 6 subsets of myeloid progenitors from murine bone marrow using a combination of magnetic and fluorescence sorting (MACS and FACS). This protocol can be used for in vitro culture assays (methylcellulose or liquid cultures), in vivo adoptive transfer experiments, and RNA/protein analyses.

זיהוי ובידוד של Oligopotent, ביצע לשושלת אבות מיאלואידית ממח העצם העכבר

Myeloid progenitors that yield neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) can be identified in and isolated from the bone marrow of mice for ...

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs constitute a minute cell population of pluripotent cells capable of generating all blood cell lineages for a life-time1. The molecular dissection of HSCs homeostasis in the bone marrow has important implications in hematopoiesis, oncology and regenerative medicine. We describe the labeling protocol with fluorescent antibodies and the electronic gating procedure in flow cytometry to score hematopoietic progenitor subsets and HSCs distribution in individual mice (Fig. 1). In addition, we describe a method to extensively enrich hematopoietic progenitors as well as long-term (LT) and short term (ST) reconstituting HSCs from pooled bone marrow cell suspensions by magnetic enrichment of cells expressing c-Kit. The resulting cell preparation can be used to sort selected subsets for in vitro and in vivo functional studies (Fig. 2).
Both trabecular osteoblasts2,3 and sinusoidal endothelium4 constitute functional niches supporting HSCs in the bone marrow. Several mechanisms in the osteoblastic niche, including a subset of N-cadherin+ osteoblasts3 and interaction of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 expressed in HSCs with its ligand angiopoietin-15 concur in determining HSCs quiescence. "Hibernation" in the bone marrow is crucial to protect HSCs from replication and eventual exhaustion upon excessive cycling activity6. Exogenous stimuli acting on cells of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptor ligands7 and interferon-&alpha;6 can also induce proliferation and differentiation of HSCs into lineage committed progenitors. Recently, a population of dormant mouse HSCs within the lin- c-Kit+ Sca-1+ CD150+ CD48- CD34- population has been described8. Sorting of cells based on CD34 expression from the hematopoietic progenitors-enriched cell suspension as described here allows the isolation of both quiescent self-renewing LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs9. A similar procedure based on depletion of lineage positive cells and sorting of LT-HSC with CD48 and Flk2 antibodies has been previously described10. In the present report we provide a protocol for the phenotypic characterization and ex vivo cell cycle analysis of hematopoietic progenitors, which can be useful for monitoring hematopoiesis in different physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we describe a FACS sorting procedure for HSCs, which can be used to define factors and mechanisms regulating their self-renewal, expansion and differentiation in cell biology and signal transduction assays as well as for transplantation.

A method to analyse the distribution of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors in flow cytometry as well as to efficiently isolate highly purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is described. The isolation procedure is essentially based on magnetic enrichment of c-Kit+ cells and cell sorting to purify HSCs for cellular and molecular studies.

ניתוח בידוד פנוטיפי של Murine בתאי גזע hematopoietic ו-Lineage מחויבים אבות

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs ...

Biology

Preparation of Tunable Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments to Evaluate Schwann Cell Phenotype Specification

Traumatic peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries currently lack suitable treatments to regain full functional recovery. Schwann cells (SCs), as the major glial cells of the PNS, play a vital role in promoting PNS regeneration by dedifferentiating into a regenerative cell phenotype following injury. However, the dedifferentiated state of SCs is challenging to maintain through the time-period needed for regeneration and is impacted by changes in the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, determining the complex interplay between SCs and differing ECM to provide cues of regenerative potential of SCs is essential. To address this, a strategy was created where different ECM proteins were adsorbed onto a tunable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate which provided a platform where stiffness and protein composition can be modulated. SCs were seeded onto the tunable substrates and critical cellular functions representing the dynamics of SC phenotype were measured. To illustrate the interplay between SC protein expression and cellular morphology, differing seeding densities of SCs in addition to individual microcontact printed cellular patterns were utilized and characterized by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Results showed that cells with a smaller spreading area and higher extent of cellular elongation promoted higher levels of SC regenerative phenotypic markers. This methodology not only begins to unravel the significant relationship between the ECM and cellular function of SCs, but also provides guidelines for the future optimization of biomaterials in peripheral nerve repair.

This methodology aims to illustrate the mechanisms by which extracellular matrix cues such as substrate stiffness, protein composition and cell morphology regulate Schwann cell (SC) phenotype.

הכנת למימדי מיקרותאי מטריצה מטריצות להערכת Schwann מפרט Cell

Traumatic peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries currently lack suitable treatments to regain full functional recovery. Schwann cells (SCs), as the ...

Bioengineering

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Mutations in driver genes, that confer cellular fitness, can lead to the development of expanding HSPC clones that increasingly give rise to progeny leukocytes harboring the somatic mutation. Because clonal hematopoiesis has been associated with heart disease, stroke, and mortality, the development of experimental systems that model these processes is key to understanding the mechanisms that underly this new risk factor. Bone marrow transplantation procedures involving myeloablative conditioning in mice, such as total-body irradiation (TBI), are commonly employed to study the role of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases. However, simultaneous damage to the bone marrow niche and other sites of interest, such as the heart and brain, is unavoidable with these procedures. Thus, our lab has developed two alternative methods to minimize or avoid possible side effects caused by TBI: 1) bone marrow transplantation with irradiation shielding and 2) adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice. In shielded organs, the local environment is preserved allowing for the analysis of clonal hematopoiesis while the function of resident immune cells is unperturbed. In contrast, the adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice has the additional advantage that both the local environments of the organs and the hematopoietic niche are preserved. Here, we compare three different hematopoietic cell reconstitution approaches and discuss their strengths and limitations for studies of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease.

We describe three methods of bone marrow transplantation (BMT): BMT with total-body irradiation, BMT with shielded irradiation, and BMT method with no pre-conditioning (adoptive BMT) for the study of clonal hematopoiesis in mouse models.

הליכים השתלת מח עצם בעכברים ללמוד Hematopoiesis שיבוט

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>תאים שמקורם באוסטאו-אורגנואידים עבור HSCT יעיל בעכברים מוקרנים

In Vivo Osteo-organoid Approach for Harvesting Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires a sufficient number of therapeutic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). To identify an adequate source of HSPCs, we developed an in vivo osteo-organoid by implanting scaffolds loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) into an internal muscle pouch near the femur in mice. After 12 weeks of implantation, we retrieved the in vivo osteo-organoids and conducted flow cytometry analysis on HPSCs, revealing a significant presence of HSPC subsets within the in vivo osteo-organoids.
We then established a sublethal model of hematopoietic/immune system injury in mice through radiation and performed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by injecting the extracted osteo-organoid-derived cells into the peripheral blood of radiated mice. The effect of hematopoietic recovery was evaluated through hematological, peripheral blood chimerism, and solid organ chimerism analyses. The results confirmed that in vivo osteo-organoid-derived cells can rapidly and efficiently reconstruct damaged peripheral and solid immune organs in irradiated mice. This approach holds potential as an alternative source of HSPCs for HSCT, offering benefits to a larger number of patients.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>In Vivo גישת אוסטאו-אורגנואיד לקצירת תאי גזע/אב המטופויטיים טיפוליים

Here, we established in vivo osteo-organoids triggered by bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded gelatin scaffolds to harvest therapeutic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for the reconstruction of a damaged hematopoietic and immune system. Overall, this approach can provide a promising cell source for cell therapies.

In Vivo גישת אוסטאו-אורגנואיד לקצירת תאי גזע/אב המטופויטיים טיפוליים

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires a sufficient number of therapeutic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). To identify an ...

Generation of Human Neurons and Oligodendrocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions

In Alzheimer&#8217;s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, oligodendroglial failure is a common early pathological feature, but how it contributes to disease development and progression, particularly in the gray matter of the brain, remains largely unknown. The dysfunction of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is hallmarked by deficiencies in myelination and impaired self-renewal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These two defects are caused at least in part by the disruption of interactions between neuron and oligodendrocytes along the buildup of pathology. OPCs give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes during CNS development. In the mature brain cortex, OPCs are the major proliferative cells (comprising ~5% of total brain cells) and control new myelin formation in a neural activity-dependent manner. Such neuron-to-oligodendrocyte communications are significantly understudied, especially in the context of neurodegenerative conditions such as AD, due to the lack of appropriate tools. In recent years, our group and others have made significant progress to improve currently available protocols to generate functional neurons and oligodendrocytes individually from human pluripotent stem cells. In this manuscript, we describe our optimized procedures, including the establishment of a co-culture system to model the neuron-oligodendrocyte connections. Our illustrative results suggest an unexpected contribution from OPCs/oligodendrocytes to the brain amyloidosis and synapse integrity and highlight the utility of this methodology for AD research. This reductionist approach is a powerful tool to dissect the specific hetero-cellular interactions out of the inherent complexity inside the brain. The protocols we describe here are expected to facilitate future studies on oligodendroglial defects in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.

The neuron-glial interactions in neurodegeneration are not well understood due to inadequate tools and methods. Here, we describe optimized protocols to obtain induced neurons, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells and provide examples of the values of these methods in understanding cell-type-specific contributions in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease.

יצירת נוירונים אנושיים ואוליגודנדרוציטים מתאי גזע פלוריפוטנטיים למידול אינטראקציות נוירון-אוליגודנדרוציטים

In Alzheimer&#8217;s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, oligodendroglial failure is a common early pathological feature, but how it ...

Hypoxic Preonditioning של תאים יליד מארו נגזר כמקור לדור של תאים שוואן בוגרת

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הגזירה של מבשרי מוגבלים גליה מ E13 עכברים

דור מספר גדול של תאים מיאלואידים אבות ו מבשרי תא דנדריטי ממח העצם מאתר באמצעות תא הרומן מיון אסטרטגיה

זיהוי ובידוד של Oligopotent, ביצע לשושלת אבות מיאלואידית ממח העצם העכבר

ניתוח בידוד פנוטיפי של Murine בתאי גזע hematopoietic ו-Lineage מחויבים אבות

הכנת למימדי מיקרותאי מטריצה מטריצות להערכת Schwann מפרט Cell

הליכים השתלת מח עצם בעכברים ללמוד Hematopoiesis שיבוט

In Vivo גישת אוסטאו-אורגנואיד לקצירת תאי גזע/אב המטופויטיים טיפוליים

In Vivo גישת אוסטאו-אורגנואיד לקצירת תאי גזע/אב המטופויטיים טיפוליים

In Vivo גישת אוסטאו-אורגנואיד לקצירת תאי גזע/אב המטופויטיים טיפוליים

יצירת נוירונים אנושיים ואוליגודנדרוציטים מתאי גזע פלוריפוטנטיים למידול אינטראקציות נוירון-אוליגודנדרוציטים