אנו מודים למרכז המניות של בלומינגטון תסיסנית עבור המניות זבוב; ג גאהר, ג &#39;ט Alkema, ו S. ואן Hasselt על הניסיון המוקדם שלהם בפיתוח assay האוויר בלחץ; ג &#39;ספר בוסמן על העצה על טיפוח שמרים; ואת רזה Athanchi ואת יואל לוין עבור במקור לפתח את זמן לשגות ניטור של תסיסנית הזדווגות התנהגות. JA Gorter נתמך על ידי מעבדה מחקר מדעי המוח BCN / NWO מענק תוכנית. עבודה זו נתמכה בחלקו על ידי הארגון ההולנדי למחקר מדעי (NWO) (הפניה: 821.02.020) ל- JC Billeter.

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למחברים אין אינטרסים מתחרים לחשוף.

פרוטוקול זה מתאר assay כדי לבדוק התנהגות ההזדווגות מעל 24 שעות תוך שליטה רציפה על רמזים סביבתיים כי זוג הזדווגות משוער להשתמש כדי לקבוע תדירות ההזדווגות. ניתן להגדיל את תדירות ההזדווגות בתגובה האוויר שמרים נמסר באמצעות מערכת אוויר בלחץ כאשר המדיום מכיל שמרים גם ( א?...

התנהגויות פוריות בדרך כלל יש עלויות אנרגיה גבוהות, במיוחד עבור הנקבות, אשר מייצרים gametes גדול יותר מאשר גברים חייב בזהירות בחר את התנאים להעלות את צאצאיהם המתפתחים. בגלל עלות האנרגיה, אין זה מפתיע כי רבייה קשורה לתנאים תזונתיים. זה נכון ברוב, אם לא כל, חיות כולל יונקים, התבגרות אשר יכול להתעכב על ידי תת תזונה, ואשר דחף מיני יכול להיות מושפעת לרעה על ידי מזון הגבלה 1. רפרודוקציה של אורגניזם מודל גנטי תסיסנית melanogaster מושפע גם בתנאים תזונתיים. גברים בבית המשפט ברמה גבוהה יותר בנוכחות מזון נדיפים 2 , ונקבה הם יותר מינית פתוח בנוכחות שמרים, מזין עיקרי לייצור ביצים וצאצאים הישרדות 3 , 4 , 5 . זֶהאבולוציונית משמרת התגובה הרבייה למזון מציעה הזדמנות ללמוד מנגנונים המחברים זמינות מזון סביבתי כדי רבייה מינית באורגניזם גנטית זמן יעיל. ואכן, עבודה ד melanogaster יש מעורבים את מסלול האינסולין כווסת חשוב של הקשר בין מזון התנהגות ההזדווגות 6 . זה הוכיח גם כי מעשה ההזדווגות עצמו משנה את העדפת המזון של הנקבות, כמו גם את הנוירונים chemosensory הקשורים 7 , 8 , 9 . ברור כי רמזים למזון משפיעים על התנהגויות הרבייה ב מלנוגאסטר . תופעות אלה נראים משפיעים בעיקר נשים, במיוחד לאלה שכבר הזדווגו 5. עם זאת, כדי לבדוק את ההשפעות האלה חריפה של תנאים סביבתיים assay בשימוש קלאסי עבור התנהגות ההזדווגות הנשי עשוילא להיות מתאים מאוד עקב הפרעות ארוכות בין פרקים ההזדווגות. ב assay remating קלאסי, נקבה בתולה הראשון mates עם זכר, והוא מבודד מיד ומוצג עם זכר חדש 24 עד 48 שעות מאוחר יותר. זה assay קלאסי שימש בהצלחה רבה כדי לזהות רכיבים של פליטה זכר לשנות את ההתנהגות הנשית ואת התגובה הנשית 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 . Assay ההזדווגות מתמשך הוכיח כאן, ולכן, בנוסף מבחני ההזדווגות הקלאסית שניתן להשתמש בהם כדי ללמוד את ההשפעה החריפה של תנאים סביבתיים על התנהגויות הרבייה. באמצעות assay מתמשך עבור התנהגות ההזדווגות מוסבר כאן, הראינו בעבר כי זוג זבובים חשופים שמרים יהיה remate sאי פעם על פני תקופת תצפית של 24 שעות 5 , 19 , 20 , 21 , בעוד זבובים לא חשופים למזון יהיה רק ​​פעם אחת 5 . ממצא זה יכול להיות תמוהה לאור חלק גדול של הספרות ד melanogaster המציין כי הנקבות לא remate עבור מספר ימים לאחר הזדווגות הראשונית (נסקרו הפניות 10 , 11 ). עם זאת, פער זה יכול בקלות להיות מוסבר על ידי תנאי assay, שבו נקבה מבודדת במשך יום עד כמה ימים לפני הזדמנות ההזדווגות החדשה מסופק. אם הצמד אינו מזדווג במהלך תקופת תצפית זו של שעה, הנקבה מאופיינת כבלתי פתוחה. יתר על כן, תדירות ההזדווגות גבוהה לא צריך להיות מפתיע בהתחשב בנתונים של זבובים נתפס בר להראות כי הנקבות מכילות זרע מ 4 עד 6 זכרים באברי האחסון שלהם; ובכךDicating כי הנקבות באופן טבעי remate מספר פעמים 22 , 23 . כאן, אנו מדגימים את השימוש זה assay הזדווגות מתמשך כדי לפענח כיצד זבובים לאסוף ולשלב מידע על תנאי הסביבה כדי לווסת את תדירות ההזדווגות. Assay זה מאפשר אחד לבחון מספר גדול יחסית של זוגות ההזדווגות עבור מחקרים גנטיים כדי לבדוק את ההשפעה של רמזים סביבתיים נדיפים ולא תנודתיים. Assay בדרך כלל פועל במשך 24 שעות, אבל יכול להיות המורחבת ל 48 שעות, המאפשר בדיקה של רמזים סביבתיים רכיבה כגון מחזור כהה (LD) אור. אנו מדגימים assay זה על ידי בדיקת ההשפעה של רמזים נדיפים מתרבות שמרים בתוך מערכת אוויר בלחץ בשילוב עם הזמינות של מזין שמרים בלתי נדיף מצע מזון. מערכת האוויר בלחץ ברציפות משאבות רמזים נדיפים לזירת ההזדווגות המכיליםמזון מצע זוג הבדיקה (אשר התנהגות ההזדווגות שלו מנוטר). כדי לקבוע עוד יותר את הפרטים באמצעותם השמרים משפיע על ההזדווגות, אנו בוחנים תרכובת נדיפה גדולה של שמרים, כלומר חומצה אצטית 24 , בשילוב עם חומצת אמינו תוכן המתאים לזה של שמרים במצע מזון, בצורה של פפטון (אמינו חומצות הנובעות מעיכול אנזימטי של חלבונים מן החי). יחד אלה ניסויים להדגים כיצד ההשפעה של רמזים סביבתיים על התנהגות ההזדווגות של ד melanogaster ניתן לבדוק עם assay זה.

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unit</td><td>Whatman</td><td>10462100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Serological pipettes</td><td>VWR</td><td>612-1600</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>BD Plastipak</td><td>300013</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot glue</td><td>Pattex</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe filter</td><td>Whatman</td><td></td><td>FP 30/pore size 0.45 mm CA-S</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Statistics software</td><td>R</td><td></td><td>lme4 package</td></tr></tbody></table>

a method to test the effect of environmental cues on mating behavior in drosophila melanogaster

הדחף המיני של האדם מושפע מגנוטיפ, מניסיון ותנאי סביבה. איך גורמים אלה אינטראקציה כדי לווסת התנהגויות מיניות נשאר מובן. ב תסיסנית melanogaster , רמזים סביבתיים, כגון זמינות מזון, משפיעים על פעילות ההזדווגות המציע מערכת דקדנית לחקור את מנגנונים modulating מינית התנהגות. ב ד melanogaster , רמזים סביבתיים הם חשו לעתים קרובות באמצעות chemosensory gustatory ומערכות חוש הריח. כאן, אנו מציגים שיטה לבחון את ההשפעה של רמזים כימיים סביבתיים על התנהגות ההזדווגות. Assay מורכב הזירה הזדווגות קטן המכיל בינוני מזון זוג מזדווגים. תדירות ההזדווגות עבור כל זוג הוא פיקוח מתמיד במשך 24 שעות. כאן אנו מציגים את תחולת assay זה כדי לבדוק תרכובות סביבתיות ממקור חיצוני באמצעות מערכת אוויר דחוס כמו גם מניפולציה של רכיבים סביבתיים ישירות בזירה ההזדווגות. USe של מערכת האוויר בלחץ שימושי במיוחד כדי לבדוק את ההשפעה של תרכובות נדיפים מאוד, תוך מניפולציה רכיבים ישירות בזירה ההזדווגות יכול להיות בעל ערך כדי לוודא נוכחות של המתחם. Assay זה יכול להיות מותאם לענות על שאלות לגבי ההשפעה של רמזים גנטיים סביבתיים על התנהגות ההזדווגות ואת פוריות, כמו גם אחרים התנהגות הרבייה זכר ונקבה.

שימוש זה assay רציפה, התנהגות ההזדווגות, תדירות ההזדווגות בפרט, ניתן לקבוע בתנאים סביבתיים ניסיוניים. כדי לשלוט בתנאים סביבתיים, שינינו ארון מטבח נירוסטה לתוך אזור הבדיקה, עם מקור האור שלה דיפוזיה, אשר מבטיח שפע גבוה של אור כמות מינימלית של בוהק מלמעלה...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

אנו מדגימים assay לנתח את רמזים סביבתיים וגנטיים המשפיעים על התנהגות ההזדווגות של זבוב הפירות תסיסנית melanogaster .

שיטה לבחינת ההשפעה של רמזים סביבתיים על התנהגות ההזדווגות ב<em&gt; תסיסנית מלנוגאסטר</em

An individual's sexual drive is influenced by genotype, experience and environmental conditions. How these factors interact to modulate sexual behaviors ...

a-method-to-test-effect-environmental-cues-on-mating-behavior

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

9.0K Views.  University of Groningen.  אנו מדגימים assay לנתח את רמזים סביבתיים וגנטיים המשפיעים על התנהגות ההזדווגות של זבוב הפירות תסיסנית melanogaster . 

Video: A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and various neurological diseases1. We have optimized simple and robust behavioral assays for determining larval locomotion, adult climbing ability (RING assay), and courtship behaviors of Drosophila. These behavioral assays are widely applicable for studying the role of genetic and environmental factors on fly behavior. Larval crawling ability can be reliably used for determining early stage changes in the crawling abilities of Drosophila larvae and also for examining effect of drugs or human disease genes (in transgenic flies) on their locomotion. The larval crawling assay becomes more applicable if expression or abolition of a gene causes lethality in pupal or adult stages, as these flies do not survive to adulthood where they otherwise could be assessed. This basic assay can also be used in conjunction with bright light or stress to examine additional behavioral responses in Drosophila larvae. Courtship behavior has been widely used to investigate genetic basis of sexual behavior, and can also be used to examine activity and coordination, as well as learning and memory. Drosophila courtship behavior involves the exchange of various sensory stimuli including visual, auditory, and chemosensory signals between males and females that lead to a complex series of well characterized motor behaviors culminating in successful copulation. Traditional adult climbing assays (negative geotaxis) are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming, with significant variation between different trials2-4. The rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) assay5 has many advantages over more widely employed protocols, providing a reproducible, sensitive, and high throughput approach to quantify adult locomotor and negative geotaxis behaviors. In the RING assay, several genotypes or drug treatments can be tested simultaneously using large number of animals, with the high-throughput approach making it more amenable for screening experiments.

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster is a genetically and behaviorally tractable model system that has been used to understand the molecular and cellular basis of many important biological processes for over a century 1. Drosophila has been well exploited to gain insights into the genetic basis of fly behavior.

שיטות Assay תסיסנית התנהגות

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ...

Neuroscience

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In a light-tight box illuminated by red light that is invisible to fruit flies, a camera linked to custom data acquisition software monitors the position of six flies simultaneously. Each fly is confined to walk in individual arenas containing a food odor at the center. The testing arenas rest on a porous floor that functions to prevent odor accumulation. Latency to locate the odor source, a metric that reflects olfactory sensitivity under different physiological states, is determined by software analysis. Here, we discuss the critical mechanics of running this behavioral paradigm and cover specific issues regarding fly loading, odor contamination, assay temperature, data quality, and statistical analysis.

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

יחיד לטוס Assay עבור התנהגות שיחור מזון ב<em&gt; דרוזופילה</em

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video ...

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

In recent years there has been growing evidence that all organisms and the environment are exposed to hormone-like chemicals, known as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs). These chemicals may alter the normal balance of endocrine systems and lead to adverse effects, as well as an increasing number of hormonal disorders in the human population or disturbed growth and reduced reproduction in the wildlife species. For some EDCs, there are documented health effects and restrictions on their use. However, for most of them, there is still no scientific evidence in this sense. In order to verify potential endocrine effects of a chemical in the full organism, we need to test it in appropriate model systems, as well as in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report detailed in vivo protocols to study endocrine disruption in Drosophila, addressing EDC effects on the fecundity/fertility, developmental timing, and lifespan of the fly. In the last few years, we used these Drosophila life traits to investigate the effects of exposure to 17-&#945;-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol AF (BPA F). Altogether, these assays covered all Drosophila life stages and made it possible to evaluate endocrine disruption in all hormone-mediated processes. Fecundity/fertility and developmental timing assays were useful to measure the EDC impact on the fly reproductive performance and on developmental stages, respectively. Finally, the lifespan assay involved chronic EDC exposures to adults and measured their survivorship. However, these life traits can also be influenced by several experimental factors that had to be carefully controlled. So, in this work, we suggest a series of procedures we have optimized for the right outcome of these assays. These methods allow scientists to establish endocrine disruption for any EDC or for a mixture of different EDCs in Drosophila, although to identify the endocrine mechanism responsible for the effect, further essays could be needed.

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) represent a serious problem for organisms and for natural environments. Drosophila melanogaster represents an ideal model to study EDC effects in vivo. Here, we present methods to investigate endocrine disruption in Drosophila, addressing EDC effects on fecundity, fertility, developmental timing, and lifespan of the fly.

שיטות לבדיקת הפרעה אנדוקרינית בדרוזופילה מלאנוסטר

In recent years there has been growing evidence that all organisms and the environment are exposed to hormone-like chemicals, known as endocrine disruptor ...

Developmental Biology

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by stressed conspecifics due to an odorant released during stress known as the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO). Through the use of the T-maze apparatus, one can quantify the avoidance of the dSO by responder flies in a very affordable and robust assay. Conditions necessary to obtain a strong performance are presented here. A stressful experience is necessary for the flies to emit dSO, as well as enough emitter flies to cause a robust avoidance response to the presence of dSO. Genetic background, but not their group size, strongly altered the avoidance of the dSO by the responder flies. Canton-S and Elwood display a higher performance in avoiding the dSO than Oregon and Samarkand strains. This behavioral assay will allow identification of mechanisms underlying this social behavior, and the assessment of the influence of genes and environmental conditions on both emission and avoidance of the dSO. Such an assay can be included in batteries of simple diagnostic tests used to identify social deficiencies of mutants or environmental conditions of interest.

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Here, we present a protocol to quantify the avoidance of stressed individuals. This paradigm is powerful yet user-friendly and can be used to assess the influence of genes and environment on one kind of social interaction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Assay הפשוט לכימות חברתיות הימנעות ב<em&gt; Melanogaster דרוזופילה</em

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by ...

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy and cheap methods to distinguish between individuals in a trial. A standard technique for this is CO2 anaesthesia and then labelling or wing clipping each fly. However, this is invasive and has been shown to affect behavior. Other techniques have used coloration to identify flies. This article presents a simple and non-invasive method for labelling Drosophila that allows them to be individually identified within experiments, using food coloring. This method is used in trials where two males compete to mate with a female. Dyeing allowed quick and easy identification. There was, however, some difference in the strength of the coloration across the three species tested. Data is presented showing the dye has a lower impact on mating behavior than CO2 in Drosophila melanogaster. The impact of CO2 anaesthesia is shown to depend on the species of Drosophila, with D. pseudoobscura and D. subobscura showing no impact, whereas D. melanogaster males had reduced mating success. The dye method presented is applicable to a wide range of experimental designs.

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

This protocol describes a simple, cost effective way to individually identify Drosophila or other insects. Demonstration data investigating mating success across three species of Drosophila show that this method is comparable or better than the use of CO2 anaesthesia.

צביעת חרקים למבחני התנהגות: התנהגות חיזור של הרדים<em&gt; דרוזופילה</em

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy ...

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a straightforward manner. As we previously demonstrated 1, in a two-dimensional chamber, we first force the flies to form a tight group, subsequently allowing them to take their preferred distance from each other. After the flies have settled, we measure the distance to the closest neighbor (or social space), processing a static picture with free online software (ImageJ). The analysis of the distance to the closest neighbor allows researchers to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on social interaction, while controlling for potential confounding factors. Diverse factors such as climbing ability, time of day, sex, and number of flies, can modify social spacing of flies. We thus propose a series of experimental controls to mitigate these confounding effects. This assay can be used for at least two purposes. First, researchers can determine how their favorite environmental shift (such as isolation, temperature, stress or toxins) will impact social spacing 1,2. Second, researchers can dissect the genetic and neural underpinnings of this basic form of social behavior 1,3. Specifically, we used it as a diagnostic tool to study the role of orthologous genes thought to be involved in social behavior in other organisms, such as candidate genes for autism in humans 4.

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

The effect of genes and environment on social space of Drosophila melanogaster can be quantified through a powerful but straightforward analytical paradigm. We show here different factors that can affect this social space, and thus need to be taken into consideration when designing experiments in this paradigm.

תנאים המשפיעים על המרחב חברתי ב<em&gt; תסיסנית melanogaster</em

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a ...

A Behavioral Assay for Mechanosensation of MARCM-based Clones in Drosophila melanogaster

Because of the structural and functional homology to the hair cells of the mammalian inner ear, the neurons that innervate the Drosophila external sense organs provide an excellent model system for the study of mechanosensation. This protocol describes a simple touch behavior in fruit flies which can be used to identify mutations that interfere with mechanosensation. The tactile stimulation of a macrochaete bristle on the thorax of flies elicits a grooming reflex from either the first or third leg. Mutations that interfere with mechanotransduction (such as NOMPC), or with other aspects of the reflex arc, can inhibit the grooming response. A traditional screen of adult behaviors would have missed mutants that have essential roles during development. Instead, this protocol combines the touch screen with mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) to allow for only limited regions of homozygous mutant cells to be generated and marked by the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). By testing MARCM clones for abnormal behavioral responses, it is possible to screen a collection of lethal p-element mutations to search for new genes involved in mechanosensation that would have been missed by more traditional methods.

A Behavioral Assay for Mechanosensation of MARCM-based Clones in Drosophila melanogaster

In order to identify novel mutations affecting mechanosensation, we designed an assay that measures the behavioral response to tactile stimulation of fly bristles in mutant clones generated by the MARCM method. The combination of techniques allows for the identification of mechanosensitive mutations that would otherwise be lethal.

התנהגות Assay עבור Mechanosensation של MARCM מבוסס משובט ב<em&gt; תסיסנית melanogaster</em

Because of the structural and functional homology to the hair cells of the mammalian inner ear, the neurons that innervate the Drosophila external sense ...

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We demonstrate a simple way to tap into the fly reward system, modify experiences related to natural reward, and use voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states. The approach serves as a relevant tool to study the neurons and genes that play a role in experience-mediated changes of internal state. The protocol is composed of two discrete parts: exposing the flies to rewarding and nonrewarding experiences, and assaying voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure of the motivation to obtain a drug reward. The two parts can be used independently to induce the modulation of experience as an initial step for further downstream assays or as an independent two-choice feeding assay, respectively. The protocol does not require a complicated setup and can therefore be applied in any laboratory with basic fly culture tools.

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for inducing rewarding and nonrewarding experiences in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) using voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states.

דרך פשוטה למדוד שינויים בהתנהגות שוחרת זכה שימוש<em&gt; תסיסנית</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, reductionist, and scalable system for in-depth investigation of motivation using the mating drive of male Drosophila&#160;melanogaster (Drosophila), the methods for which we detail here. The behavioral paradigm centers on the finding that male mating drive decreases alongside fertility over the course of repeated copulations and recovers over ~3 d. In this system, the powerful neurogenetic tools available in the fly converge with the genetic accessibility and putative wiring diagram available for sexual behavior. This convergence allows rapid isolation and interrogation of small neuronal populations with specific motivational functions. Here we detail the design and execution of the satiety assay that is used to measure and alter courtship motivation in the male fly. Using this assay, we also demonstrate that low male mating drive can be overcome by stimulating dopaminergic neurons. The satiety assay is simple, affordable, and robust to influences of genetic background. We expect the satiety assay to generate many new insights into the neurobiology of motivational states.

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

This article describes a behavioral assay that uses male mating drive in Drosophila melanogaster to study motivation. Using this method, researchers can utilize advanced fly neurogenetic techniques to uncover the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie this motivation.

מדידת כונן מזווג סירוס ועיקור במאלה<em&gt; תסיסנית</em

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, ...

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Many insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been elucidated through the use of simple behavioral assays in model organisms such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is useful for understanding the basic neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits resulting from mutations in genes associated with human cognitive disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism. This work describes a methodology for testing learning and memory using a classic paradigm in Drosophila known as courtship conditioning. Male flies court females using a distinct pattern of easily recognizable behaviors. Premated females are not receptive to mating and will reject the male&#39;s copulation attempts. In response to this rejection, male flies reduce their courtship behavior. This learned reduction in courtship behavior is measured over time, serving as an indicator of learning and memory. The basic numerical output of this assay is the courtship index (CI), which is defined as the percentage of time that a male spends courting during a 10 min interval. The learning index (LI) is the relative reduction of CI in flies that have been exposed to a premated female compared to na&#239;ve flies with no previous social encounters. For the statistical comparison of LIs between genotypes, a randomization test with bootstrapping is used. To illustrate how the assay can be used to address the role of a gene relating to learning and memory, the pan-neuronal knockdown of Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (Dhap-at) was characterized here. The human ortholog of Dhap-at, glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPT), is involved in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2, an autosomal-recessive syndrome characterized by severe ID. Using the courtship conditioning assay, it was determined that Dhap-at is required for long-term memory, but not for short-term memory. This result serves as a basis for further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

This protocol describes a Drosophila learning and memory assay called courtship conditioning. This classic assay is based on a reduction of male courtship behavior after sexual rejection by a non-receptive premated female. This natural form of behavioral plasticity can be used to test learning, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

תסיסנית חיזור התניה כמדד למידה וזיכרון

Many insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been elucidated through the use of simple behavioral assays in model ...

שיטה לבחינת ההשפעה של רמזים סביבתיים על התנהגות ההזדווגות ב

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שיטות Assay תסיסנית התנהגות

יחיד לטוס Assay עבור התנהגות שיחור מזון ב

שיטות לבדיקת הפרעה אנדוקרינית בדרוזופילה מלאנוסטר

Assay הפשוט לכימות חברתיות הימנעות ב

צביעת חרקים למבחני התנהגות: התנהגות חיזור של הרדים

תנאים המשפיעים על המרחב חברתי ב

התנהגות Assay עבור Mechanosensation של MARCM מבוסס משובט ב

דרך פשוטה למדוד שינויים בהתנהגות שוחרת זכה שימוש

מדידת כונן מזווג סירוס ועיקור במאלה

תסיסנית חיזור התניה כמדד למידה וזיכרון