Name: flow cytometry to estimate leukemia stem cells in primary acute myeloid leukemia and in patient-derived-xenografts, at diagnosis and follow up
Uploaded: 2018-03-26T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 1 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up at JoVE.com

这项工作部分是由法国协会 Laurette Fugain、LigueContre 乐癌症 (北中心)、法国基金会 (白血病委员会)、SIRIC Oncolille 和法国国家癌症研究所支持的。

我们遵循欧洲为科学目的使用动物的标准。这项研究是由地方伦理委员会 (#3097 2015120414583482v3) 批准的。
1. 样品准备
<ol><li>以1.8 毫克每毫升骨髓的浓度为单位, 在含有抗凝血乙二甲酸 (EDTA) 的管中收集骨髓 (2 毫升). </li>
	<li>进行 Ficoll 分离, 密度梯度分离, 以隔离单个核细胞从红细胞和粒粒, 如下所为。稀释骨髓在3容量磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS: 氯化钠137毫米, 氯化钾2.7 毫米, Na2HPO4 10mM,.2PO4 1.8 毫米)。仔细覆盖1体积的 Ficoll 与1体积稀释骨髓。旋转30分钟, 在 300 x g 没有刹车。将白色的 mononucleated 细胞层转移到新的无菌管中。</li>
	<li>清洗细胞两次在10毫升 PBS) 和离心机在 300 x g 5 分钟, 以消除污染的血清成分。</li>
</ol>2. 红血球的裂解 (红细胞)
<ol><li>将2毫升的裂解缓冲液 (氯化铵 0.8%) 添加到细胞颗粒中, 在室温下轻轻的涡旋, 在室温下孵育5分钟, 在 300 x g 处为5分钟。 注: 如有必要, 请重复此步骤。</li>
	<li>在 PBS 中洗涤细胞如前所述 (1.3)。</li>
</ol>3. 患者派生的异位移植。
<ol><li>用磁阴性选择 (CD3 T 和 CD20 B 淋巴细胞) 在 Ficoll 分离后和淋巴细胞耗尽后获得骨髓中的爆炸细胞。按照制造商的说明进行操作。</li>
	<li>将 5 x 106的 AML 爆炸细胞注入无条件核爆小鼠的尾部静脉。使用抑制装置, 以促进尾静脉注射。保持小鼠在常规条件下, 特别是在无病原条件下, 在任何时候, 使用个别通风笼和操纵下层流罩。每两个星期, 用60µL 的血液通过颌下腺收集方法使用红细胞压积毛细管。将毛细管放入5毫升圆底管。使用小的无菌纱布垫, 用温和的压力止血。用干净的注射器 Expulse 血液。</li>
	<li>添加1ml 的裂解缓冲液和孵育5min。然后离心机在 300 x g 5min. 用 PBS 和 centrifugre 清洗 300 x g 5 分钟。除去上清, 添加100µL PBS 与10% 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 染色3µL 抗人 CD45-FITC 和1µL 抗鼠 CD45-APC 和孵育在 4°c 30 分钟。</li>
	<li>在 PBS (2 毫升) 中用 10% BSA 和离心机在 300 x g 处清洗细胞颗粒5分钟。</li>
	<li>整除 1 x 106细胞每100µL 的 PBS 成流式细胞术管。</li>
	<li>用流式细胞术 (图 2A 和 B) 对 CD45 表达式 (人的vs小鼠) 进行嵌合体分析, 每两周进行一次植入调查。</li>
	<li>在牺牲 (外围爆炸计数大于70% 或严重的临床症状), 收集从粉碎脾和骨髓的单个核爆细胞, 冲洗胫骨和股骨与 PBS 如前所述的13。弄死小鼠颈椎脱位遵循国际准则。</li>
	<li>如果细胞颗粒含有红细胞, 则用裂解缓冲剂对红细胞进行裂解 (步骤 2.1)。</li>
	<li>在 PBS (2 毫升) 中清洗细胞颗粒两次, 10% BSA 和离心机在 300 x g 处5分钟。</li>
	<li>收集细胞和整除 1 x 106细胞每100µL 的 PBS 成流式细胞术管。</li>
</ol>4. 染色
<ol><li>添加共轭抗体 (见步骤 4.2) 和漩涡。室温下在黑暗中孵化出15分钟的细胞。</li>
	<li>使用以下面板进行人体主要或 PDX 样品, 包括10µL anti-CD36-FITC、5µL anti-CD19-ECD、5µL 反 CD33 PC5.5、µL anti-CD90-APC、5µL anti-CD34-AA700、5µL anti-CD45RA-APC-H7、5µL anti-CD38-Pacific 蓝、5µLanti-CD123-PC7 和2.5 µL 的 anti-CD45-KO。</li>
	<li>以 300 x g 为5分钟, 通过离心法洗涤2毫升 PBS 中的细胞, 去除未绑定抗体。</li>
	<li>在 PBS 的450µL 中重新悬浮细胞以进行最终的流细胞分析。</li>
</ol>5. 流式细胞术分析的浇口策略
<ol><li>在装有红色、蓝色和紫色激光器的流式细胞仪上进行数据采集 (至少50万个细胞)。验证每一天的细胞仪设置 1) 光学对准, 2) 射流系统, 3) 光学灵敏度, 4) 标准化使用 fluorospheres</li>
	<li>按照顺序的门控策略定义 CD38 表达式 (图 1)。<ol>
<li>使用正常骨髓标本中的细胞来定义 hematogones 或血浆细胞, 以此作为 CD38 表达的积极控制。 注意: 这个门是特别重要的, 以评估作为后续的假定的人口数量取决于它的定义。</li>
		<li>通过 CD45dim/SSC (侧散射) 低种群标准 (图 1A) 定义生理前体细胞 (正常的爆炸细胞)。在这个爆炸填充中, 定义显示 CD38++CD19+ 表型 (图 1B) 的 hematogones, 最后使用 CD36 和 CD33 表达式定义成髓细胞、monoblasts 和孵育(图 1C)。确定 hematogones 上的 CD34 表达式, 如中所示 (图 1E)。评估被定义为 P6-P10 的爆炸细胞中前体的几个亚群 (图 1D)。根据预设 CD38 门将爆炸细胞的 CD34 隔层分成 P6、P7、P8 祖亚群。确保 P8 车厢内含有与 hematogones 相同的 CD38 强度的爆炸, P6 包括 CD38-based 荧光减一 (CD38) 控制的细胞, FMO 细胞介于两个极端之间, P7表达式 (图 1D)。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>从 CD34+38 (P6) 门控单元格中, 使用 CD90 和 CD45RA 表达式 (图 1F) 将 HSC 与假定的。 注: HSC 表型为 CD34+CD38-CD90+CD45RA-多能祖细胞 (MPP) 被定义为 CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA。假定的 CD34+CD38-CD90dimCD45RA+ 表型是不成熟的, 下游人群较不发育的是淋巴引物祖 (LMPP) 定义为 CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+。</li>
</ol>6. rt-pcr 监测
<ol><li>通过 RT PCR 监测 MRD 水平, 如前所述14。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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作者没有什么可透露的。

通过流式细胞术对膜或细胞质标记进行准确和可重复的评估, 要求仪器设置每天都要经过验证, 以进行光学对准、射流系统的正常运行、光学灵敏度和标准化使用校准珠。
应用多参数流式细胞仪分析 CD90 和 CD45RA 检测 AML 中的爆炸细胞群是一种比较简单可靠的方法。这项分析的一个关键步骤是准确评估 CD38 在爆炸细胞中的表达, 以便正确地进行 CD34+CD38 的门控。CD38 强度的定义是...

急性髓系白血病 (AML) 是导致白血病相关死亡的最常见原因。首先, AML 是一种造血干细胞 (HSC) 的克隆病, 其特点是: 停止分化, 随后累积爆炸细胞, 减少功能性造血元件的生产。近年来, 通过使用下一代测序策略和显示肿瘤细胞内克隆进化的存在性, 建立了爆炸细胞种群的无性系异质性, 并表明其存在于1。
异质性延伸到白血病干细胞的存在。据推测, 这种动态细胞室的演变, 以克服各种选择压力强加在白血病的进展和治疗。因此, 对目前的化疗方案和介导的疾病复发有抵抗力, 其临床意义2。各种标记都被描述为特征 CD1233、CLL-14、CD975或 TIM-36等。CD34+CD38 的爆破细胞的隔室被认为是丰富的, 为7 , 但也包括正常的 HSC。CD90 和 CD45RA 表达式应用于 CD34+CD38 (P6) 隔间 (图 1) 允许隔离正常和恶性造血前体的几个阶段8。具体地说, 正常的 CD34+CD38-CD90+CD45RA-HSCs, 多能祖 (MPP) 像 CD34+CD38-CD90dimCD45RA 细胞和 CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA+ 淋巴引物多能祖 (LMPP) 细胞可以确定在大多数 AML 病例中,8 ,9。CD38 的平均荧光强度 (多边基金会) 在 CD34+ 细胞室中尤为重要。因为 CD38 强度定义了三个新的细胞间隔: CD38 阴性 (P6), CD38 暗淡 (P7) 和 CD38 明亮 (P8) (图 1)。CD38 可以通过 hematogones 和/或血浆细胞作为内部阳性控制来确定, 因为这些细胞强烈表达 CD38。
immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2Rγcnull (核供应集团) 鼠标模型广泛用于植入正常和恶性人类造血细胞10,11。采用系列异种移植方法对功能进行实验验证。通过大规模测序方法对这些研究进行了广泛的分析。然而, 与其主要的 aml (图 2) 相比, 反洗钱爆炸种群的嫁接和 HSC 免疫表型对核供应的小鼠的认识较少。
该方法的数量在本质上是低的, 因此, 识别和量化的研究是有挑战性的, 这里描述的方式可以作为一个流细胞分析诊断和临床随访评估化疗反应 (作为残留的可能引起 AML 复发)。存在的可显示阳性的最小残留疾病 (MRD)。迄今为止, 在反洗钱中的 MRD 监测主要依靠分子方法 (即, rt-pcr,)10,12。然而, 在本协议中, 我们通过多参数流式细胞术 2, 8 9, 在人类反洗钱的主要爆炸细胞中检测出几种 HSC/CD34 标记 (CD38、CD45RA、CD90) 的同时蛋白表达.这种抗体组合可应用于任何标准流式细胞仪实验室, 这种流动的 mrd 检测特别有趣, 当 MRD 的实时聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR) 是不可能的,即, 如果白血病特异分子标记在诊断 AML 样本中无法检测到。此外, 本议定书补充了更为敏感的分子 MRD 技术, 因为它旨在检测和量化代表功能细胞特征的异常造血祖细胞 (图 3)。
我们展示了如何用流式细胞术来量化三个造血祖群和不同成熟度的可供选择的隔间室, 而大多数临床实验室都有抗体。此外, 我们证实了这些细胞室在相应的病人派生移植 (PDX) 和治疗随访。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Pancoll</td><td>PAN-Biotech</td><td>P04-60500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RBC Lysis Buffer (10x)</td><td>Ozyme</td><td>BLE420301</td><td>RBC Lysis solution A : 8.29 g of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl + 0.037 g of Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;EDTA in 100 mL of sterile H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and RBC Lysis solution B: 1 g of KHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in 100 mL of sterile H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td></tr><tr><td>NOD/SCID/IL2R&amp;gamma;cnull&amp;nbsp; (NSG)&amp;nbsp; mice</td><td>JACKSON LABORATORY</td><td>Stock No: 005557</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Gibco by life technologies</td><td>14190-144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AutoMACS Running Buffer &amp;ndash; MACS Separation Buffer</td><td>MACS Buffer Miltenybiotec</td><td>130-091-221</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD36-FITC (clone FA6-152, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>PN IM0766U</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD33-PC5.5 (clone D3HL60.251, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>B36289</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD90-APC (clone 5E10)</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>328114</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD19-ECD (clone J3-119, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A07770</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD34-AA700 (clone 581, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>B92417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD45RA-APC-H7 (clone HI100)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Beckton Dickinson</td><td>560674</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD38-Pacific Blue (clone LSI98-4-3, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>B92396</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD45-KO (clone J.33, Iotest)</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>B36294</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD3-PE</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>IM1451</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD20-PE</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A07747</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-CD123-PC7</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>B13647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flow-Set</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A63492</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flow-Check</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A63493</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Navios</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>DS-14644A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LSR Fortessa X20</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CST BD</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>655051</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FacsFlow&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>336911</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-hCD45-FITC</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>BLE304006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mCD45-APC</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>BLE103112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EasySep human PE selection kit</td><td>Stem Cell Technologies</td><td>18000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EasySep&amp;nbsp; magnet&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Stem Cell Technologies</td><td>18551</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

flow cytometry to estimate leukemia stem cells in primary acute myeloid leukemia and in patient-derived-xenografts, at diagnosis and follow up

急性髓系白血病 (AML) 是一种异种, 如果不治疗, 致命的疾病。这是成人白血病相关死亡的最常见原因。首先, AML 是一种造血干细胞 (HSC) 的疾病, 其特点是: 停止分化, 随后聚集白血病爆炸细胞, 减少功能性造血元件的生产。异质性延伸到白血病干细胞的存在, 这一动态细胞室的演变, 以克服各种选择压力强加在白血病的进展和治疗。为了进一步定义非定常种群, 添加 CD90 和 CD45RA 允许在 CD34+CD38 细胞间区分正常的 HSCs 和多能祖。在这里, 我们概述了一个协议, 以检测几个假定的 CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD90) 的人反洗钱的主要爆炸细胞, 多参数流式细胞术的同时表达。此外, 我们还展示了如何量化三个祖群体和一个假定的多项种群的成熟程度。我们证实了这些人群存在于相应的病人衍生的移植。这种检测方法和定量的假定的可用于临床随访的化疗反应 (i. e., 最小残留疾病), 因为残端细胞可能导致 AML 复发。

在这里, 我们提出了一个方法来确定祖细胞的正常和恶性人骨髓标本。我们从成功的 PDX 收集骨髓和脾脏, 并进行多参数流式细胞术, 如上文所述。我们比较了在诊断病人样本和相应的 PDX 之间的几个亚群, 特别是 CD34+CD38 祖室, 特别是丰富的假定的。我们发现, 与诊断病人样本相比, PDX 的 CD34+CD38 爆炸分数较高 (3.48% vs 0.53%,图 2C, D)。有趣的是, 我们发现在 PDX 中, 与主...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up at JoVE.com

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

通过流式细胞术, 我们勾勒出一种检测白血病干细胞标记物同时表达的协议。我们展示了如何量化三个祖群体和一个假定的多项种群的成熟程度。我们证实了这些人群存在于相应的病人衍生的移植。

流式细胞仪估测原发性急性髓系白血病和患者源性移植中白血病干细胞的诊断和随访

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, and if not treated, fatal disease. It is the most common cause of leukemia-associated mortality in ...

flow-cytometry-to-estimate-leukemia-stem-cells-primary-acute-myeloid

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

13.9K 次观看.  CHU Lille. 通过流式细胞术, 我们勾勒出一种检测白血病干细胞标记物同时表达的协议。我们展示了如何量化三个祖群体和一个假定的多项种群的成熟程度。我们证实了这些人群存在于相应的病人衍生的移植。

视频: Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Response criteria in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been re-established, with morphologic examination utilized to determine whether patients have achieved complete remission (CR). Approximately half of the adult patients who entered CR will relapse within 12 months due to the outgrowth of residual AML cells in the bone marrow. The quantitation of these remaining leukemia cells, known as minimal or measurable residual disease (MRD), can be a robust biomarker for the prediction of these relapses. Moreover, retrospective analysis of several studies has shown that the presence of MRD in the bone marrow of AML patients correlates with poor survival. Not only is the total leukemic population, reflected by cells harboring a leukemia associated immune-phenotype (LAIP), associated with clinical outcome, but so is the immature low frequency subpopulation of leukemia stem cells (LSC), both of which can be monitored through flow cytometry MRD or MRD-like approaches. The availability of sensitive assays that enable detection of residual leukemia (stem) cells on the basis of disease-specific or disease-associated features (abnormal molecular markers or aberrant immunophenotypes) have drastically improved MRD assessment in AML. However, given the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of AML as a disease, methods for sampling bone marrow and performing MRD and LSC analysis should be harmonized when possible. In this manuscript we describe a detailed methodology for adequate bone marrow aspirate sampling, transport, sample processing for optimal multi-color flow cytometry assessment, and gating strategies to assess MRD and LSC to aid in therapeutic decision making for AML patients.

Detection of minimal or measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important prognostic biomarker for refining risk assessment and predicting relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These comprehensive guidelines and recommendations with best practices for consistent and accurate identification and detection of MRD, may aid in making effective AML treatment decisions.

测定急性髓系白血病可测残留病和白血病干细胞的骨髓标本和过程综合协议

Response criteria in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been re-established, with morphologic examination utilized to determine whether patients ...

科研

癌症研究

Competitive Transplants to Evaluate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fitness

The gold standard definition of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a cell that when transferred into an irradiated recipient will have the ability to reestablish blood cell production for the lifespan of the recipient. This protocol explains how to set up a functional assay to compare the HSC capacities of two different populations of cells, such as bone marrow from mice of two different genotypes, and how to analyze the recipient mice by flow cytometry. The protocol uses HSC equivalents rather than cell sorting for standardization and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. We further discuss different variations to the basic protocol, including serial transplants, limiting dilution assays, homing assays and non-competitive transplants, including the advantages and preferred uses of these varied approaches. These assays are central for the study of HSC function and could be used not only for the investigation of fundamental HSC intrinsic aspects of biology but also for the development of preclinical assays for bone marrow transplant and HSC expansion in culture.

This protocol provides step-by-step guidelines for setting up competitive mouse bone marrow transplant experiments to study hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function without prior purification of stem cells by cell sorting.

竞争性移植评价造血干细胞健身

The gold standard definition of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a cell that when transferred into an irradiated recipient will have the ability to ...

发育生物学

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and MLL-AF9 Driven Leukemia

We present a flow cytometric approach for analyzing mitochondrial ROS in various live bone marrow (BM)-derived stem and progenitor cell populations from healthy mice as well as mice with AML driven by MLL-AF9. Specifically, we describe a two-step cell staining process, whereby healthy or leukemia BM cells are first stained with a fluorogenic dye that detects mitochondrial superoxides, followed by staining with fluorochrome-linked monoclonal antibodies that are used to distinguish various healthy and malignant hematopoietic progenitor populations. We also provide a strategy for acquiring and analyzing the samples by flow cytometry. The entire protocol can be carried out in a timeframe as short as 3-4 h. We also highlight the key variables to consider as well as the advantages and limitations of monitoring ROS production in the mitochondrial compartment of live hematopoietic and leukemia stem and progenitor subpopulations using fluorogenic dyes by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we present data that mitochondrial ROS abundance varies among distinct healthy HSPC sub-populations and leukemia progenitors and discuss the possible applications of this technique in hematologic research.

We describe a method for using multiparameter flow cytometry to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in murine healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and leukemia cells from a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) driven by MLL-AF9.

木尿造血干细胞和祖细胞和MLL-AF9驱动白血病线粒体反应氧物种的流细胞学分析

We present a flow cytometric approach for analyzing mitochondrial ROS in various live bone marrow (BM)-derived stem and progenitor cell populations from ...

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell disease. This observation has tremendous implications, as subsequent therapeutic immunomodulation strategies can improve clinical outcome. Conventionally, polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of short tandem repeats is used to identify chimerism in donor-derived blood cells. However, this method is restricted to nucleated cells and cannot distinguish between dissociated single-cell lineages. We applied the analysis of short tandem repeats to flow cytometric-sorted hematopoietic progenitor cells and compared this with the analysis of short tandem repeats obtained from selected burst-forming unit - erythroid colonies, both collected from the bone marrow. With this method we are able to demonstrate the different proliferation and differentiation of donor cells in the erythroid compartment. This technique is eligible to complete current monitoring of chimerism in the stem cell transplant setting and thus may be applied in future clinical studies, stem cell research and design of gene therapy trials.

Quantification of donor-derived cells is required to monitor engraftment after stem cell transplantation in patients with hemoglobinopathies. A combination of flow cytometry-based cell sorting, colony formation assay, and subsequent analysis of short tandem repeats may be used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors in the erythroid compartment.

Hemoglobinopathies 患者造血干细胞移植后残余供红祖细胞的检测

The presence of incomplete chimerism is noted in a large proportion of patients following bone marrow transplant for thalassemia major or sickle cell ...

Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Within the same patient, absence of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) surface expression was shown to distinguish leukemic subpopulations with stem cell properties (so called leukemic stem cells, LSCs) from more differentiated counterpart leukemic cells that lack disease initiation potential although they carry similar leukemia specific genetic mutations. NKG2DL are biochemically highly diverse MHC class I-like self-molecules. Healthy cells in homeostatic conditions generally do not express NKG2DL on the cell surface. Instead, expression of these ligands is induced upon exposure to cellular stress (e.g., oncogenic transformation or infectious stimuli) to trigger elimination of damaged cells via lysis through NKG2D-receptor-expressing immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. Interestingly, NKG2DL surface expression is selectively suppressed in LSC subpopulations, allowing these cells to evade NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance. Here, we present a side-by-side analysis of two different flow cytometry methods that allow the investigation of NKG2DL surface expression on cancer cells i.e., a method involving pan-ligand recognition and a method involving staining with multiple antibodies against single ligands. These methods can be used to separate viable NKG2DL negative cellular subpopulations with putative cancer stem cell properties from NKG2DL positive non-LSC.

We present two different staining protocols for NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) detection in human primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. The first approach is based on a fusion protein, able to recognize all known and potentially yet unknown ligands, while the second protocol relies on the addition of multiple anti-NKG2DL antibodies.

NKG2D 利甘德表面检测的两种流细胞学方法，以区分干细胞与急性骨髓性白血病中的散装亚群

Within the same patient, absence of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) surface expression was shown to distinguish leukemic subpopulations with stem cell properties ...

Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders that are defined by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, dysplasia, and a propensity for transformation to acute leukemia. NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic mice recapitulate human MDS in terms of peripheral blood cytopenias, dysplasia, and transformation to acute leukemia. We previously demonstrated that MDS could be transferred from a genetically engineered mouse with MDS to wild-type recipients by transplanting MDS bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC). To more clearly understand the MDS cell of origin, we have developed approaches to transplant specific, immunophenotypically defined hematopoietic subsets. In this article, we describe the process of isolating and transplanting specific populations of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Following transplantation, we describe approaches to assess the efficiency of transplantation and persistence of the donor MDS cells.

We describe the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to assess the malignant potential of genetically engineered hematopoietic cells. HSCT is useful for evaluating various malignant hematopoietic cells in vivo as well as generating a large cohort of mice with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or leukemia to evaluate novel therapies.

应用造血干细胞移植评估骨髓增生异常综合征的起源

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a diverse group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders that are defined by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood ...

髓系肿瘤中骨髓微环境的分离和表征

Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The bone marrow microenvironment consists of distinct cell populations, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteolineage cells, and fibroblasts, which provide support for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition to supporting normal HSCs, the bone marrow microenvironment also plays a role in the development of hematopoietic stem cell disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS-associated mutations in HSCs lead to a block in differentiation and progressive bone marrow failure, especially in the elderly. MDS can often progress to therapy-resistant AML, a disease characterized by a rapid accumulation of immature myeloid blasts. The bone marrow microenvironment is known to be altered in patients with these myeloid neoplasms. Here, a comprehensive protocol to isolate and phenotypically characterize bone marrow microenvironmental cells from murine models of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia is described. Isolating and characterizing changes in the bone marrow niche populations can help determine their role in disease initiation and progression and may lead to the development of novel therapeutics targeting cancer-promoting alterations in the bone marrow stromal populations.

作者聚焦:分析小鼠血液系统恶性肿瘤的骨髓微环境 

Here a detailed protocol to isolate and characterize bone marrow microenvironmental populations from murine models of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia is presented. This technique identifies changes in the non-hematopoietic bone marrow niche, including the endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells, with disease progression.

识别骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓系白血病中的骨髓微环境群体

The bone marrow microenvironment consists of distinct cell populations, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteolineage cells, and ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用细胞增殖染料分选估计斑马鱼 T-ALL 中的 LSC 频率

Identification of Quiescent Cells in a Zebrafish T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Model Using Cell Proliferation Staining

Cellular quiescence is a state of growth arrest or slowed proliferation that is described in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Quiescence may protect CSCs from antiproliferative chemotherapy drugs. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, quiescent cells are associated with treatment resistance and stemness. Cell proliferation dyes are popular tools for the tracking of cell division. The fluorescent dye is covalently anchored into amine groups on the membrane and macromolecules inside the cell. This allows for the tracking of labeled cells for up to 10 divisions, which can be resolved by flow cytometry.
Ultimately, cells with the highest proliferation rates will have low dye retention, as it will be diluted with each cell division, while dormant, slower-dividing cells will have the highest retention. The use of cell proliferation dyes to isolate dormant cells has been optimized and described in T-ALL mouse models. Complementary to the existing mouse models, the rag2:Myc-derived zebrafish T-ALL model provides an excellent venue to interrogate self-renewal in T-ALL due to the high frequency of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and the convenience of zebrafish for large-scale transplant experiments.
Here, we describe the workflow for the staining of zebrafish T-ALL cells with a cell proliferation dye, optimizing the concentration of the dye for zebrafish cells, passaging successfully stained cells in vivo, and the collection of cells with varying levels of dye retention by live cell sorting from transplanted animals. Given the absence of well-established cell surface makers for LSCs in T-ALL, this approach provides a functional means to interrogate quiescent cells in vivo. For representative results, we describe the engraftment efficiency and the LSC frequency of high and low dye-retaining cells. This method can help investigate additional properties of quiescent cells, including drug response, transcriptional profiles, and morphology.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:从斑马鱼 T-ALL 中鉴定和分离静止白血病干细胞

We used cell proliferation staining to identify quiescent cells in the zebrafish T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia model. The stain is retained in non-dividing cells and reduced during cell proliferation, enabling the selection of dormant cells for further interrogation. This protocol provides a functional tool to study self-renewal in the context of cellular quiescence.

使用细胞增殖染色鉴定斑马鱼 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病模型中的静止细胞 

Cellular quiescence is a state of growth arrest or slowed proliferation that is described in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Quiescence may protect ...

流式细胞仪估测原发性急性髓系白血病和患者源性移植中白血病干细胞的诊断和随访

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此视频中的章节

测定急性髓系白血病可测残留病和白血病干细胞的骨髓标本和过程综合协议

竞争性移植评价造血干细胞健身

木尿造血干细胞和祖细胞和MLL-AF9驱动白血病线粒体反应氧物种的流细胞学分析

Hemoglobinopathies 患者造血干细胞移植后残余供红祖细胞的检测

NKG2D 利甘德表面检测的两种流细胞学方法，以区分干细胞与急性骨髓性白血病中的散装亚群

应用造血干细胞移植评估骨髓增生异常综合征的起源

识别骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓系白血病中的骨髓微环境群体

识别骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓系白血病中的骨髓微环境群体

识别骨髓增生异常综合征和急性髓系白血病中的骨髓微环境群体

使用细胞增殖染色鉴定斑马鱼 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病模型中的静止细胞