Name: luciferase complementation imaging assay in nicotiana benthamiana leaves for transiently determining protein-protein interaction dynamics
Uploaded: 2017-11-20T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了江苏省自然科学基金 (BK20140919)、中国国家自然科学基金 (31470375)、江苏高等教育机构重点学术项目开发和青兰项目的支持。

1. 植物的准备 (8 周)
<ol><li>将 50烟草烟种子放在一个1.5 毫升的离心管中, 其中含有1毫升5% 次氯酸和0.1% 海卫 X-100 (v/v) 溶液, 并留出5分钟来消毒种子。</li>
	<li>用无菌水冲洗种子5次, 在200µL 的无菌水中暂停种子。</li>
	<li>小心地将单个种子放到 MS 琼脂培养基上 (1 L: 1x 村 & Skoog 盐, 10 克蔗糖, pH 5.8 (KOH), 1% 琼脂), 并在4° c 中储存介质板, 3 天以同步发芽。 注意: 为了避免微生物污染, 在干净的长凳上执行这一步。在灭菌过程中不需要摇动管子。</li>
	<li>将培养基板置于正常生长条件下 (22 ° c, 80-90 µmolm-2s-1白光强度) 为10天, 然后将发芽的幼苗转移到土壤中。 注意: 一定要将幼苗根部插入土壤中, 不要破坏根部。用透明的塑料盖盖在托盘上过夜, 以保持湿度。</li>
	<li>在一个受控的生长室中生长的植物在一个 16 h/8 的 h 光/暗循环和70% 湿度。7周前的N. 烟植物已准备好进行Agrobacteriumtumefaciens浸润 (图 1A)。 注: 水厂和控制害虫的需要, 保持植物的健康。</li>
</ol>2. 在n 烟叶片中的瞬态表达式 (7-10 天)
<ol><li>提供 150 ng 质粒 (pEGAD-哈卢-卢克控制粒, 空向量, 和构建质粒的检测, 在这种情况下, 我们使用 pCAMBIA1300-Nluc 和 pCAMBIA1300-Cluc 的质粒建设) 到.标准电穿孔法。</li>
	<li>在 Luria Bertani (LB) 琼脂培养基 (1 升:10 克氯化钠, 5 克酵母提取物, 10 g 胰, 1.5% 琼脂) 中含有50µg/毫升卡那霉素和50µg/毫升利福平在28° c 4 天的培养. 注: 抗生素的选择取决于所使用的载体和.</li>
	<li>将单个A. 农杆菌菌落从每个板块接种到3毫升的 LB 液体培养基中, 其中含有50µg/毫升的卡那霉素和50µg/毫升的利福平, 在28° c 时摇动 220 rpm, 以传播细胞培养。</li>
	<li>将75µL 的细菌培养物转化为15毫升的新鲜 LB 液体培养基, 其中含有50µg/毫升的卡那霉素和50µg/毫升的利福平, 其稀释系数为200。培养细菌在220转每分钟在30° c 为大约 8 h, 直到 OD600在0.5 到1.0 之间。</li>
	<li>将A. 农杆菌液体培养在15毫升离心管和离心机在 4000 x g 和4° c 为 15 min. 丢弃上清, 并在15毫升的转化溶液中悬浮颗粒以洗涤颗粒。</li>
	<li>旋转管在 4000 x g 和4° c 为15分钟和放弃上清液。再次重复洗涤步骤。</li>
	<li>在5毫升的转化液中重颗粒, 室温下保持2小时。使用转换解调整A. 农杆菌颗粒细胞的密度, 直到最终浓度的 OD600是 0.5, 或混合两个样本的大小相等, 以测试配对蛋白质的相互作用。</li>
	<li>将悬浮细胞渗透到 4th至 7th , 带1毫升针注射器 (图 1B-C)。入渗后, 用黑色塑料盖立即盖住植物, 在黑暗中放置托盘12小时。之后, 在发现卢克的活动之前, 像往常一样种植2到4天的植物。 注意: 选择大小相近的健康叶子。在一片叶子中, 四不同区域的渗透是好的。</li>
</ol>3. 检测荧光活动 (一天)
注意: 有两种方法可以监视荧光活动。一个是基于成像, 另一个是定量测量荧光活动。
<ol><li>
成像方法
	<ol>
<li>分离渗透的叶子, 把整个传单放在 MS 琼脂培养基上。</li>
		<li>用50毫升喷雾瓶将素工作缓冲液喷洒到叶片正面表面。保持材料在黑暗中5分钟, 以淬火叶绿素荧光。</li>
		<li>使用低光冷却的 CCD 成像设备 (冷却到-30 ° c) 捕获图像 (图 2)。light-filed 曝光时间为50毫秒, 发光检测时间为1分钟。 注: 根据机器说明书调整参数。较低的温度会提高信噪比, 提高图像质量。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>或者, 直接用商业计测量发光。<ol>
<li>小心地将叶子碎片 (大约0.25 厘米2) 从N. 烟的渗透区中取出, 然后将叶盘浸入100µL 的去离子水中, 在96井白板中 (图 3)。</li>
		<li>添加10µL 的素工作缓冲器, 离开5分钟。然后进行具体的处理, 研究蛋白质相互作用的动力学。 注意: 在不同的时间点检测发光与计, 以获得荧光活性动力学, 这代表了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的动力学在一定的治疗。该方法具有同时检测大量蛋白质对的优点。对于那些没有商业计, 检查荧光蛋白质丰度由西方印迹, 因此引用的卢克活动定量。如果没有必要的光, 只是保持板在计和测量发光在不同的时间点。否则, 在检测间隙中将板材移入生长腔。为了获得统计学意义上的结果, 使用至少三的生物复制。虽然卢克的活动从不同的渗透区将变化, 他们的变化模式是一致的正常化后。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Thines, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=JAZ+repressor+proteins+are+targets+of+the+SCF(COI1)+complex+during+jasmonate+signalling.">JAZ repressor proteins are targets of the SCF(COI1) complex during jasmonate signalling.</a> Nature. 448, 661-665 (2007).</li><li>Chini, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+JAZ+family+of+repressors+is+the+missing+link+in+jasmonate+signalling.">The JAZ family of repressors is the missing link in jasmonate signalling.</a> Nature. 448, 666-671 (2007).</li><li>Jones, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Border+control--a+membrane-linked+interactome+of+Arabidopsis.">Border control--a membrane-linked interactome of Arabidopsis.</a> Science. 344, 711-716 (2014).</li><li>Arabidopsis Interactome Mapping Consortium. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+network+evolution+in+an+Arabidopsis+interactome+map.">Evidence for network evolution in an Arabidopsis interactome map.</a> Science. 333, 601-607 (2011).</li><li>Yazaki, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+transcription+factor+interactome+networks+using+HaloTag+protein+arrays.">Mapping transcription factor interactome networks using HaloTag protein arrays.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113, 4238-4247 (2016).</li><li>Kenworthy, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+protein-protein+interactions+using+fluorescence+resonance+energy+transfer+microscopy.">Imaging protein-protein interactions using fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy.</a> Methods. 24, 289-296 (2001).</li><li>Walter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+protein+interactions+in+living+plant+cells+using+bimolecular+fluorescence+complementation.">Visualization of protein interactions in living plant cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation.</a> Plant J. 40, 428-438 (2004).</li><li>Chen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Firefly+luciferase+complementation+imaging+assay+for+protein-protein+interactions+in+plants.">Firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay for protein-protein interactions in plants.</a> Plant Physiol. 146, 368-376 (2008).</li><li>Layton, C. J., Hellinga, H. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+of+protein-protein+interactions+by+thermal+stability+shift+analysis.">Quantitation of protein-protein interactions by thermal stability shift analysis.</a> Protein Sci. 20, 1439-1450 (2011).</li><li>Schuck, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reliable+determination+of+binding+affinity+and+kinetics+using+surface+plasmon+resonance+biosensors.">Reliable determination of binding affinity and kinetics using surface plasmon resonance biosensors.</a> Curr Opin Biotechnol. 8, 498-502 (1997).</li><li>Huang, X., Ouyang, X., Deng, X. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+repression+of+photomorphogenesis:+role+switching+of+COP/DET/FUS+in+light+signaling.">Beyond repression of photomorphogenesis: role switching of COP/DET/FUS in light signaling.</a> Current opinion in plant biology. 21, 96-103 (2014).</li><li>Liu, B., Zuo, Z., Liu, H., Liu, X., Lin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arabidopsis+cryptochrome+1+interacts+with+SPA1+to+suppress+COP1+activity+in+response+to+blue+light.">Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 interacts with SPA1 to suppress COP1 activity in response to blue light.</a> Genes Dev. 25, 1029-1034 (2011).</li><li>Lian, H. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blue-light-dependent+interaction+of+cryptochrome+1+with+SPA1+defines+a+dynamic+signaling+mechanism.">Blue-light-dependent interaction of cryptochrome 1 with SPA1 defines a dynamic signaling mechanism.</a> Genes Dev. 25, 1023-1028 (2011).</li><li>Zuo, Z., Liu, H., Liu, B., Liu, X., Lin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blue+light-dependent+interaction+of+CRY2+with+SPA1+regulates+COP1+activity+and+floral+initiation+in+Arabidopsis.">Blue light-dependent interaction of CRY2 with SPA1 regulates COP1 activity and floral initiation in Arabidopsis.</a> Curr Biol. 21, 841-847 (2011).</li></ol>

作者没有什么可透露的。

这里描述的协议是简单和可再生的研究在体内蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用, 特别适合检测蛋白质相互作用动力学在外在治疗之下。本试验的关键步骤是烟浸润。为了确保渗透成功, 植物必须非常健康。另一个关键因素是何时检查渗透后的荧光活动。这个问题没有正确的答案。研究人员被鼓励监测荧光活动在不同的日子后, 渗透判断时, 荧光是表达的最高水平, 因为我们观察到的蛋白质表达?...

为了协调生长与环境, 植物已经进化了优雅的信号通路, 感知, 传感器, 并响应信号提示。就像接力赛中的赛跑者一样, 蛋白质是植物信号传导的必要参与者。人们普遍认识到蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 在细胞通讯中起着重要作用。蛋白质的磷酸化、再乙酰化和降解都依赖于靶蛋白与其修饰酶之间的物理相互作用。例如, 茉莉以域蛋白 (JAZ) 家族蛋白与转录因子 MYC2 相互作用并抑制其转录活性1,2。鉴于 PPI 的重要性, 植物中的 large-scale 蛋白 interactomes 最近已被探索3,4,5。这些 interactome 的结果进一步揭示了复杂的调控网络, 协调不同的细胞功能。
有一些既定的方法来监测 PPI。酵母两种杂交 (Y2H) 法是 PPI 检测中应用最广泛的方法。Y2H 很容易执行, 适合快速检测蛋白质相互作用。Y2H 也广泛用于筛选未知的交互合作伙伴的特定 protein-of-interest。然而, 由于 Y2H 完全是在酵母中进行的, 它不能反映植物细胞的真实情况, 并带来高假阳性率。另一个类似的策略是下拉法。一般来说, 两个蛋白质的表达和纯化从大肠杆菌细胞, 然后混合和固定的检测蛋白相互作用。虽然此方法不费时, 但它也无法获取在体内交互结果。对于体内交互目的, co-immunoprecipitation (co) 是最常用的检测方法, 它要求高质量的抗体 immunoprecipitate protein-of-interest, 不能排除间接质子的可能性。此外, 由于联合 IP 中的复杂实验程序, 结果通常与个人专长不同。
基于记者的重组分析大大推进了对体内PPI 的检测。这些方法包括荧光共振能量传递 (烦恼)6, 双荧光互补 (BiFC)7, 和萤火虫荧光互补成像 (的) 试验8。虽然这三种方法比 co 更好地反映直接的在体内PPI, 烦恼, 和 BiFC 需要特定的显微镜来检测荧光信号, 不能轻易量化的互动强度。相比之下, 该公司利用萤火虫荧光, 这将发光后与它的基底素反应。更重要的是, PPI 强度可以从荧光活动的价值来确定。因此, 它不仅表明两种蛋白质是否相互作用, 而且还提供了治疗时相互作用动力学的信息。虽然有一些建立的方法来监测交互动力学 (基于表面等离子体共振或热稳定转移)9,10, 这些方法需要微妙的仪器或特定的标签。相比之下, 它更易于执行和检测。
该方法的原理是将氨基末端和羧基末端的荧光 (分别命名为 n-卢克或 C-卢克) 与蛋白 A 和 B 融合, 并在植物细胞中同时表达这两种融合蛋白。如果蛋白质 a 与蛋白质 B 相互作用, 那么荧光的两个半部分将被重组为活性荧光酶。荧光活动可以通过计或 CCD 摄像头检测到。没有必要获得稳定的转化。瞬态表达式足以获得高质量的交互结果。
环型 E3 泛素连接本构 photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) 与无数转录因子相互作用, 通过26S 蛋白酶体11促进它们的降解。其中一些 COP1-targeted 转录因子是光的阳性调节剂。在黑暗中, COP1 与光敏 A-105 1 (SPA1) 的抑制器交互, 这增强了 COP1 E3 活动8。在对光的知觉之后, 光将废除 COP1-SPA1 相互作用抑制 COP1 活动, 然后稳定 COP1 基板12,13,14。这个例子说明了研究 ppi 和确定 ppi 动力学的生物学意义。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Transformation solution&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 mM Morpholineethanesulfonic acid</td><td>VETEC</td><td>V900336&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27.8 mM Glucose</td><td>VETEC</td><td>V900392</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 mM&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt; MgCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font9&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font10&quot;&gt;&amp;times;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;6H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font9&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;</td><td>VETEC</td><td>V900020&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>150 &amp;mu;M Acetosyringone</td><td>ALDRICH</td><td>D134406&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pH 5.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Luciferin working buffer&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 mM Luciferin potassium salt</td><td>GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY</td><td>LUCK-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.025% Triton X-100</td><td>VETEC</td><td>V900502&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>H&lt;span class=&quot;font9&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;font7&quot;&gt;O to 10 ml&lt;/span&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

luciferase complementation imaging assay in nicotiana benthamiana leaves for transiently determining protein-protein interaction dynamics

蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用是在大多数细胞过程中中继信号传导的基本机制;因此, 鉴定新的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用对和监测蛋白质相互作用动力学是特别感兴趣的揭示植物如何响应环境因素和/或发展信号。已经开发出过多的方法来检测蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用, 无论是体外还是体内。其中, 最近建立的荧光互补成像技术是最简单和最快的方法来演示体内蛋白-蛋白质相互作用。在这种检测中, 蛋白质 a 或蛋白 B 与氨基末端或羧基末端荧光的一半分别融合。当蛋白质 a 与蛋白质 B 相互作用时, 荧光的两个半部分将被重组, 形成功能性和活性的荧光酶。荧光活动可以用计或 CCD 摄像机记录。与其他方法相比, 基因组检测显示蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的定性和定量。农杆菌在烟草烟叶片中的浸润是一种广泛应用的瞬态蛋白表达系统。通过 COP1 和瞬态表达式的结合, 表明茉莉处理后, SPA1 的物理相互作用逐渐降低。

在这个荧光的互补协议中, 有三主要的步骤可用于研究蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的体内, 包括植物生长、烟草浸润和荧光测定。该协议中最关键的步骤是将液体A. 农杆菌渗透到N. 烟叶 (图 1)。
下面是这个技术的一个例子, 它证实了茉莉减少 COP1-SPA1 的相互作用。荧光的氨基末端和羧基端部...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics at JoVE.com

Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics

荧光互补成像检测在烟草烟叶中瞬时测定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用动力学

这篇手稿描述了一个简单和快速的实验程序, 以确定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的基础上荧光活动的测量。

Protein-protein interactions are fundamental mechanisms for relaying signal transduction in most cellular processes; therefore, identification of novel ...

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Biology

Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics

13.9K 次观看.  Nanjing Normal University. 这篇手稿描述了一个简单和快速的实验程序, 以确定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的基础上荧光活动的测量。

视频: Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun

Investigation of gene function in diverse organisms relies on knowledge of how the gene products interact with each other in their normal cellular environment. The Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assay1 allows researchers to visualize protein-protein interactions in living cells and has become an essential research tool. This assay is based on the facilitated association of two fragments of a fluorescent protein (GFP) that are each fused to a potential interacting protein partner. The interaction of the two protein partners would facilitate the association of the N-terminal and C-terminal fragment of GFP, leading to fluorescence. For plant researchers, onion epidermal cells are an ideal experimental system for conducting the BiFC assay because of the ease in obtaining and preparing onion tissues and the direct visualization of fluorescence with minimal background fluorescence. The Helios Gene Gun (BioRad) is commonly used for bombarding plasmid DNA into onion cells. We demonstrate the use of Helios Gene Gun to introduce plasmid constructs for two interacting Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors, SEUSS (SEU) and LEUNIG HOMOLOG (LUH)2 and the visualization of their interactions mediated by BiFC in onion epidermal cells.

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun

This article illustrates how to properly use the BioRad Helios Gene Gun to introduce plasmid DNA into onion epidermal cells and how to test for protein-protein interactions in onion cells based on the principle of Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC)

双分子荧光互补（附设）检测蛋白质相互作用的洋葱细胞使用的Helios基因枪

Investigation of gene function in diverse organisms relies on knowledge of how the gene products interact with each other in their normal cellular ...

科研

生物学

Detection of Protein Interactions in Plant using a Gateway Compatible Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) System

We have developed a BiFC technique to test the interaction between two proteins in vivo. This is accomplished by splitting a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) into two non-overlapping fragments. Each fragment is cloned in-frame to a gene of interest. These constructs can then be co-transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana via Agrobacterium mediated transformation, allowing the transit expression of fusion proteins. The reconstitution of YFP signal only occurs when the inquest proteins interact 1-7. To test and validate the protein-protein interactions, BiFC can be used together with yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assay. This may detect indirect interactions which can be overlooked in the Y2H. Gateway technology is a universal platform that enables researchers to shuttle the gene of interest (GOI) into as many expression and functional analysis systems as possible8,9. Both the orientation and reading frame can be maintained without using restriction enzymes or ligation to make expression-ready clones. As a result, one can eliminate all the re-sequencing steps to ensure consistent results throughout the experiments. We have created a series of Gateway compatible BiFC and Y2H vectors which provide researchers with easy-to-use tools to perform both BiFC and Y2H assays10. Here, we demonstrate the ease of using our BiFC system to test protein-protein interactions in N. benthamiana plants.

Detection of Protein Interactions in Plant using a Gateway Compatible Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC System

We have developed a technique to test protein-protein interactions in plant. A yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is split into two non-overlapping fragments. Each fragment is cloned in-frame to a gene of interest via Gateway system, enabling expression of fusion proteins. Reconstitution of YFP signal only occurs when the inquest proteins interact.

使用网关兼容双分子荧光互补（附设）系统在植物蛋白相互作用检测

We have developed a BiFC technique to test the interaction between two proteins in vivo. This is accomplished by splitting a yellow fluorescent protein ...

TurboID-Based Proximity Labeling for In Planta Identification of Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

Proximity labeling (PL) techniques using engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) or Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA (known as BioID) have been successfully used for identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in mammalian cells. However, requirements of toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in APEX-based PL, longer incubation time with biotin (16&#8211;24 h), and higher incubation temperature (37 &#176;C) in BioID-based PL severely limit their applications in plants. The recently described TurboID-based PL addresses many limitations of BioID and APEX. TurboID allows rapid proximity labeling of proteins in just 10&#8201;min under room temperature (RT) conditions. Although the utility of TurboID has been demonstrated in animal models, we recently showed that TurboID-based PL performs better in plants compared to BioID for labeling of proteins that are proximal to a protein of interest. Provided here is a step-by-step protocol for the identification of protein interaction partners using the N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein family as a model. The method describes vector construction, agroinfiltration of protein expression constructs, biotin treatment, protein extraction and desalting, quantification, and enrichment of the biotinylated proteins by affinity purification. The protocol described here can be easily adapted to study other proteins of interest in Nicotiana and other plant species.

Described here is a proximity labeling method for identification of interaction partners of the TIR domain of the NLR immune receptor in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. Also provided is a detailed protocol for the identification of interactions between other proteins of interest using this technique in Nicotiana and other plant species.

基于 TurboID 的接近标签，用于蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络的植物中识别

Proximity labeling (PL) techniques using engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) or Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA (known as BioID) have been ...

免疫与感染

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana plants with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana, N. excelsiana (N. benthamiana &#215; N. excelsior) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Transient protein production in Nicotiana plants based on vacuum infiltration with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) is a rapid and economic approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins. We simplified the procedure and improved target accumulation by optimizing conditions of bacteria cultivation, selecting host species, and co-introducing RNA silencing suppressors.

优化和利用<em&gt;农杆菌</em&gt;介导的瞬态蛋白生产中<em&gt;烟草</em

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short ...

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Many proteins interact transiently with other proteins or are integrated into multi-protein complexes to perform their biological function. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is an in vivo method to monitor such interactions in plant cells. In the presented protocol the investigated candidate proteins are fused to complementary halves of fluorescent proteins and the respective constructs are introduced into plant cells via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Subsequently, the proteins are transiently expressed in tobacco leaves and the restored fluorescent signals can be detected with a confocal laser scanning microscope in the intact cells. This allows not only visualization of the interaction itself, but also the subcellular localization of the protein complexes can be determined. For this purpose, marker genes containing a fluorescent tag can be coexpressed along with the BiFC constructs, thus visualizing cellular structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus or the plasma membrane. The fluorescent signal can be monitored either directly in epidermal leaf cells or in single protoplasts, which can be easily isolated from the transformed tobacco leaves. BiFC is ideally suited to study protein-protein interactions in their natural surroundings within the living cell. However, it has to be considered that the expression has to be driven by strong promoters and that the interaction partners are modified due to fusion of the relatively large fluorescence tags, which might interfere with the interaction mechanism. Nevertheless, BiFC is an excellent complementary approach to other commonly applied methods investigating protein-protein interactions, such as coimmunoprecipitation, in vitro pull-down assays or yeast-two-hybrid experiments.

Formation of protein complexes in vivo can be visualized by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Interaction partners are fused to complementary parts of fluorescent tags and transiently expressed in tobacco leaves, resulting in a reconstituted fluorescent signal upon close proximity of the two proteins.

蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用的双分子荧光互补的烟草原生质体和叶片可视化

Many proteins interact transiently with other proteins or are integrated into multi-protein complexes to perform their biological function. Bimolecular ...

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Visualization of dynamic signaling events in live cells has been a challenge. We expanded an established transient expression system, the biomolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assay in tobacco epidermal cells, from testing protein-protein interaction to monitoring spatial distribution of signal transduction in plant cells. In this protocol, we used the BiFC assay to show that the interaction and the signaling between the Arabidopsis MAPKKK YODA and MAPK6 occur at the plasma membrane. When the scaffold protein BASL was co-expressed, the YODA-MAPK interaction redistributed and spatially co-polarized with CFP-BASL. This modified tobacco expression system allows for quick examination of signaling localization and dynamic changes (less than 4 days) and can accommodate multiple of fluorescent protein colors (at least three). We also presented detailed methods to quantify protein distribution (asymmetric spatial localization, or &#34;polarization&#34;) in tobacco cells. This advanced tobacco expression system has a potential to be used widely for quick testing of dynamic signaling events in live plant cells.

At the subcellular level, signaling events are dynamically modulated by developmental and environmental cues. Here we describe a protocol that employs the tobacco transient expression system to monitor dynamic protein-protein interaction and to disclose spatial organization of signal transduction in plant cells.

成像使用烟草瞬时表达系统MAPK信号通路的空间重组

Visualization of dynamic signaling events in live cells has been a challenge. We expanded an established transient expression system, the biomolecular ...

Demonstration of Heterologous Complexes formed by Golgi-Resident Type III Membrane Proteins using Split Luciferase Complementation Assay

The goal of this protocol is to explore the applicability of the most recent variant of split luciferase complementation for demonstrating heterologous complexes formed by nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). These ER- and Golgi-resident multitransmembrane proteins carry the cytoplasmically synthesized nucleotide sugars across organelle membranes to supply enzymes that mediate glycosylation with their substrates. NSTs exist as dimers and/or higher oligomers. Heterologous interactions between&#160;different NSTs have also been reported. To verify whether the technique is suitable for studying the phenomenon of NST heteromerization, we tested it against a combination of the two Golgi-resident NSTs that have been previously shown to associate by several other means. The&#160;luciferase complementation assay appears to be particularly suitable for studying interactions between Golgi-resident membrane proteins, as it does not require high expression levels, which often trigger protein mislocalization and increase the risk of false positives.

The&#160;protocol presented here is intended to demonstrate the occurrence of heterologous interactions between Golgi-resident type III membrane proteins with cytoplasmically exposed N- and/or C-termini in live mammalian cells using the most recent variant of the split luciferase complementation assay.

使用分裂荧光素酶互补测定法展示高尔基体驻留III型膜蛋白形成的异源复合物

The goal of this protocol is to explore the applicability of the most recent variant of split luciferase complementation for demonstrating heterologous ...

Determination of Tripartite Interaction between Two Monomers of a MADS-box Transcription Factor and a Calcium Sensor Protein by BiFC-FRET-FLIM Assay

Protein-protein interactions are an integral part of all biological processes in the cells as they play a crucial role in regulating, maintaining, and amending cellular functions. These interactions are involved in a wide range of phenomena such as signal transduction, pathogen response, cell-cell interactions, metabolic and developmental processes. In the case of transcription factors, these interactions may lead to oligomerization of subunits, sequestering in specific subcellular contexts such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, etc., which, in turn, might have a more profound effect on the expression of the downstream genes. Here, we demonstrate a methodology to visualize in vivo tripartite interaction using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) based F&#246;rster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) involving Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM). Two of the proteins selected for this demonstration interact as BiFC partners, and their reconstituted fluorescence activity is used to assay FRET-FLIM with the third partner. Four to five-week-old growth-chamber-grown Nicotiana benthamiana plants have been used as the model plant system for this demonstration.

Here we present, a method to visualize ternary complex formation between three protein partners using fluorescent-tagged proteins by BiFC based FRET-FLIM assay. This method is valuable for studying protein-protein interaction complexes in vivo.

通过BiFC-FRET-FLIM测定MADS盒转录因子和钙传感器蛋白两种单体之间的三方相互作用

Protein-protein interactions are an integral part of all biological processes in the cells as they play a crucial role in regulating, maintaining, and ...

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is commonly affected by histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) that generate heterochromatic or euchromatic histone marks for transcriptional repression or activation, respectively. HMEs are recruited to their target chromatin by transcription factors (TFs). Thus, detecting and characterizing direct interactions between HMEs and TFs are critical for understanding their function and specificity better. These studies would be more biologically relevant if performed in vivo within living tissues. Here, a protocol is described for visualizing interactions in plant leaves between a plant histone deubiquitinase and a plant transcription factor using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which allows the detection of complexes between protein molecules that are within &#60;10 nm from each other. Two variations of the FRET technique are presented: SE-FRET (sensitized emission) and AB-FRET (acceptor bleaching), in which the energy is transferred non-radiatively from the donor to the acceptor or emitted radiatively by the donor upon photobleaching of the acceptor. Both SE-FRET and AB-FRET approaches can be adapted easily to discover other interactions between other proteins in planta.

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an imaging technique for detecting protein interactions in living cells. Here, a FRET protocol is presented to study the association of histone-modifying enzymes with transcription factors that recruit them to the target promoters for epigenetic regulation of gene expression in plant tissues.

通过荧光共振能量转移研究组蛋白修饰酶与体内转录因子之间的相互作用

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is commonly affected by histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) that generate heterochromatic or euchromatic histone ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>探索胞间连丝功能：靶向蛋白的共聚焦显微镜检查

Confocal Microscopy Analysis of Protein Sorting to Plasmodesmata in Nicotiana benthamiana

Plasmodesmata are membranous nanopores that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells and enable the cell-to-cell trafficking of nutrients, macromolecules, as well as invading viruses. Plasmodesmata play fundamental roles in the regulation of intercellular communication, contributing to plant development, environmental responses, and interactions with viral pathogens. Discovering plasmodesmal localization of plant or viral proteins could provide useful functional information about the protein and is important for understanding the mechanisms of plant-virus interactions. To facilitate these studies, we describe a protocol for confocal microscopy-based analysis of different plasmodesmal targeting proteins to select the best plasmodesmal marker for studying the virus-plasmodesmata interactions or plasmodesmal transport. Specifically, the analyses of these events are illustrated using the cell-to-cell movement protein (MP) of the Turnip vein-clearing virus (TVCV), the Arabidopsis Plasmodesmata-Localized Protein 5 (PDLP5) and Plasmodesmata Callose-Binding Protein 1 (PDCB1). The protein plasmodesmal localization data are analyzed in parallel with the global visualization of plasmodesmata using aniline blue staining of the sampled tissues. These approaches can be easily adapted to analyze the plasmodesmal localization of any cellular or pathogen proteins in planta.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：植物胞间连丝蛋白质定位的显微分析

This protocol describes the selection of optimal plasmodesmal markers for confocal microscopy-based analyses of protein targeting to plasmodesmata during virus-plasmodesmata interactions or plasmodesmal transport.

荧光互补成像检测在烟草烟叶中瞬时测定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用动力学

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