This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as part of the "The advancement of scientific research and technological development in environmental science program (E315-00015-0414-2)."

1.在管理集管的制备注意:正执行切割步骤，以消除对药物吸附在管的长度差异的影响。 <ol><li>使用标记标注与管型的管子的端部（ 例如，聚氯乙烯，聚氨酯（PU），和聚烯烃（PO））。 </li><li>删除所有可拆卸的配件，如连接器和针头盖。 </li><li>用锋利的剃刀，以确保清洁的边缘，从滴注腔的连接切断的管，以1米的长度。 </li></ol> 2.药物注射稀释注:使用玻璃瓶（1L）作为容器用于注射药液。执行精确的稀释步骤。验证市售药物产物的组成，并使用相同的批号为一个整体的实验组。 <ol><li>标签与瓶药品名称（ 例如，地西泮或他克莫司）。 </li><li>稀释药物注射s的5％葡萄糖溶液，从5毫克/毫升到100微克/毫升为地西泮注射（2毫升在100 5毫升％葡萄糖溶液西泮注射的），并从5毫克/毫升至10微克/毫升为他克莫司注射（ 200μL的在100毫升的5％葡萄糖溶液）他克莫司注射。 注:设置基于临床使用的药物和溶剂的测试浓度。 </li><li>轻轻旋动，以获得均匀的药液混合在瓶稀释液。 </li><li>在使用玻璃琥珀色小瓶收集稀释液（1-10）溶液量筒。 </li><li>验证的浓度，如在步骤4中描述。 注:使用药物这些浓度作为出发点的浓度。 </li></ol> 3.吸附动力学研究使用输液泵注:确认使用前的吸附试验的泵管依赖性流量由于管的硬度。在精确的时间点，利用GLA采集样品SS瓶和小瓶，以防止在储存期间另外的药物吸附。 如图2进行测试。保护药物溶液对轻若该药具有光敏性。一式三份进行实验。 <ol><li>而不产生气泡，预加载药物的稀释液到使用注射器的管。 <ol><li>该管的一端连接到注射器。 </li><li>把管子的另一端插入瓶装药液。 </li><li>拉回注射器柱塞直到管被完全填充有药液。 </li></ol></li><li>安装管插入的输液泵。 <ol><li>打开输液泵的门，推释放杆。 </li><li>将预装管进入输液泵并保持平直。 </li><li>在安装完毕后的管端取下注射器。 </li><li>放管的一端插入一个耐化学性的硼硅玻璃量筒收集药物SOLUT离子穿过管后。 </li></ol></li><li>置（PVC，PU，或PO）的基础上管中的给药装置的类型的流量和药物（ 例如，用于安定1毫升/分钟和用于他克莫司为10mL /小时）。 </li><li>在不同时间点收集样品到琥珀色小瓶，在室温下。 <ol><li>收集1毫升西泮样品在0.05，0.30，0.55，和1.05小时。 </li><li>收集10毫升的他克莫司样品在1.05，2.05，3.05，4.05和小时。 </li></ol></li></ol>使用药物4.分析高效液相色谱法（HPLC） 注:建议在药物分析的HPLC方法在参考文献1，8，9描述。使用串联质谱法（MS / MS）和免疫测定法的样品制备作为可供选择的方法10，11之后。一式三份进行实验。<ol><li>权衡药物和在作为储备溶液1mg / mL的浓度溶解它们的有机溶剂。 <ol><li>使用甲醇作为安定原液的溶剂，由于西泮在5％葡萄糖中的低溶解度。 </li><li>使用乙腈作为用于他克莫司原液的溶剂，由于他克莫司在5％葡萄糖中的低溶解度。 </li></ol></li><li>通过稀释储备溶液制备标准溶液。 <ol><li>用甲醇稀释安定储备溶液至0.3125，0.625，1.25，2.5，5.0，10.0和20.0微克/毫升。 </li><li>用5％的右旋糖稀释他克莫储备溶液至2.5，5.0，10.0，15.0，和20.0微克/毫升。 </li></ol></li><li>分析使用带有UV检测1，8，9 HPLC法的标准。 注意:使用适当的检测方法（紫外，荧光等 ）进行药物分析。 <ol><li>斯坦注射10μLdards成用装有C18柱（1.5毫米×250毫米，5微米）进行UV检测的HPLC系统。 表1为分析条件。 </li><li>确认的特异性和线性1，8，9。 <ol><li>对于特异性，监测药物峰（ 即，是否它是从其他峰在色谱分离），以确定该药物。 </li><li>确认在校准范围的线性度（即峰面积结果是否成正比的浓度）。 </li></ol></li><li>得到校正曲线。 <ol><li>创建基于浓度对从标准1，8，9色谱峰面积值图。 </li><li>获得的线性回归方程，R 2为校准曲线（ 例如， </em&gt; Y = AX + B，X:药物，Y的浓度:峰面积）1，8，9。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>稀从吸附研究样品用甲醇安定或5％葡萄糖为他克莫司酌情使得它们落在校准范围内，并直接注入稀释样品的10μL的入HPLC系统。 </li></ol> 5.计算药物浓度与吸附量的<ol><li>计算使用校准曲线（未知x和已知的y）的样本的药物浓度。 </li><li>计算使用下面的等式药物的吸附量: <img alt="式（1）" src="/files/ftp_upload/55086/55086eq1.jpg" /> 其中S:吸附量（％） 合:注射的稀释后的药物浓度（微克/毫升） CP:药物浓度通过管子传递（微克/毫升） </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

药物吸附到给药装置在静脉给药意想不到的药物损失的原因。期间吸附，药物通常分配在输液的早期阶段管的聚合物材料;在达到吸附平衡后，药物的递送量被稳定1。药物的吸附量应评估和最小化。药物吸附数的评价方法进行了研究，例如泵的方法和滴注法。相比于滴的方法，该泵的方法可以容易地没有偏压操纵。虽然给药设置与流量调节器（常规形式）在滴注法的使用，所希?...

给药装置是由一个尖峰，一个滴注室，管，鲁尔接头（连接器），以及用于保护针头盖。其他配件，如气道单向阀，一调节夹具，一个在线过滤器，一个Y型管帽（喷射口），和一个针，也可附连到给药装置。药物吸附到管是在注射药物1的递送的一个关键问题。吸附描述了一种药物到聚合物表面和药物的吸收入聚合物基质2的吸附。药物吸附到管在给药装置会导致不可预测的药物损失，使得难以控制递送的药物的浓度。因此，药物吸附到聚合物管是一大障碍的注射药物的精确传递到体内。然而，存在用于药物吸附的评价在施用套管没有标准的方法或法规准则。 <html>药物吸附到管在施用套水平已使用各种评价方法1，2，3，4，5的报道。试验方法和模型药物在吸附评价的关键因素。泵方法1,3和滴注法4,5已被广泛地用于吸附试验。在一般情况下，泵的方法应该在药物与低浓度和低流率作为输注条件的情况下使用。使用各种评价方法，药物吸附的许多研究已经报道了聚氯乙烯（PVC） -和在施用非PVC基管套1，2，3，&gt; 5。许多吸附药物可以选择调查施用套管是否有药物吸附潜力或没有。地西泮（ 图1a）1,2，他克莫司（ 图1b）5，硝酸甘油2和环孢菌素A 3是代表性的药物，在PVC-高吸附和非PVC基管中。 药物吸附在管子的评价，试验条件如流速和药物浓度是基于临床使用所选药物1，6,7。在地西泮的情况下，以1毫升/分钟的流速，使用100微克/毫升的高浓度，以模仿为癫痫持续状态1的治疗的初始剂量。对于他克莫司，10微克/ mL的浓度以10毫升/小时的流速被交付。葡萄糖溶液（5％）用于药物注射的稀释，并且管长为固定在1微米。玻璃瓶和小瓶应当用来防止在实验和贮存过程中附加的吸附。 在这项研究中，我们进行了动力学吸附研究与模型药物，地西泮和他克莫司，用泵方法。该协议的具体细节，从管准备吸附评价，以前描述。药物吸附的评价方法已用于确认注射药物性质和建议的临床使用给药组注射上的情况下，逐案1，2，3，4，5，6，7。这个协议可以被用作标准技术的给药装置吸附评价。药物吸附的评价管国际标准可能是必要的，以确保药物输送的安全性和有效性。

<table><tbody><tr><td>PVC IV sets</td><td>Becton Dickinson&lt;br/&gt; (BD) Co. Ltd. (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA)</td><td></td><td>Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>PU IV sets</td><td>Tianjin Hanaco Medical (THM) Co.Ltd.&lt;br/&gt; (Tianjin, China)</td><td></td><td>Non-PVC&lt;br/&gt;Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>Non-PVC Polyolefin IV sets</td><td>Polyscientech, Co. Ltd (Anseong, Korea)</td><td></td><td>Non-PVC [PE elastomer/PP elastomer/PB elastomer (25/50/25, weight ratio) blend]&lt;br/&gt;Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>Korea Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>KOVAX-SYRINGE 1 mL 26G 1/2&quot;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Daewon diazepam injection</td><td>Daewon Pharma. Co. Ltd. (Hwaseong, Gyunggi, Korea)</td><td></td><td>5 mg/mL, total 2 mL&lt;br/&gt; Batch No.: P003&lt;br/&gt; Composition: diazepam, propylene glycol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, bezoic acid, water for injection</td></tr><tr><td>Tacrobel injection</td><td>Chong Keun Dang, Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea)</td><td></td><td>5 mg/mL, total 1 mL&lt;br/&gt; Batch No.: AG002&lt;br/&gt; Composition: tacrolimus hydrate, polyoxyl 60 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60), dehydrated alcohol</td></tr><tr><td>5% Dextrose</td><td>JW Pharmaceutical (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>500 mL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5% Dextrose</td><td>Daehan Pharmaceutical (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>200 mL</td><td>Bottle (glass)</td></tr><tr><td>Amber vials</td><td></td><td>20 mL</td><td>Glass</td></tr><tr><td>Terumo infusion pump</td><td>Terumo (Medical Corp., USA)</td><td>TE-135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HPLC system with UV detector</td><td>Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA)</td><td>Agilent 1260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CAPCELL PAK C&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt; column&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Shiseido (Japan)</td><td>90404</td><td>1.5 mm x 250 mm, 5 &amp;mu;m</td></tr><tr><td>Diazepam</td><td></td><td></td><td>From Daewon Pharma. Co., Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td>Tacrolimus</td><td>Teva Czech industries&amp;nbsp; (Czech Republic)</td><td></td><td>From Chong Keun Dang, Co. Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co., Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>3/1/9017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co. Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>AH230-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co. Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>3/1/4218</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dihydrogen phosphate</td><td>Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphoric acid</td><td>Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluation of drug sorption to pvc- and non-pvc-based tubes in administration sets using a pump

管理组是直接应用的药物进入体内交付工具和由一个尖峰，点滴室，管，鲁尔适配器（连接器），用于保护针头帽，配件等。药物吸附到施用套管是在安全性和有效性方面的关键问题。虽然药物吸附是在一个管理集的质量的一个重要因素，存在用于药物吸附在管子的调节没有标准的评价方法。在这里，我们描述了药物吸收的评估协议的管理组管。制成的聚氯乙烯（PVC）管 - 和非PVC基聚合物材料被切成1米的长度。地西泮和他克莫司被用作模型药物。在动力学吸附研究中，我们选择了基于这些药物的临床使用的药物浓度和流速。在玻璃瓶中每种药物的稀释后，将稀释的药物溶液通过管输送施用的设置使用的泵。样品收集在琥珀色小瓶在适当的时间点，并使用高效液相色谱法进行分析的药物。药物浓度和吸附各级行政套管进行了计算。建议上可接受的标准，以确保的给药装置的质量。

吸附在给药组管使用模型药物，地西泮（ 图1a）和他克莫司被动力学监测（ 图1b），和泵的方法（ 图2）。稀释药物（ 图2a）的混合物在使用输液泵（ 图2c）的固定流动速率（ 图2b图 ）通过PVC-和非基于PVC的管子通过。玻璃瓶被稍微打开以允许施用集管的插入。该药物是通过管（ 图2d）</stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump at JoVE.com

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

我们报告使用泵和模型药物（地西泮和他克莫司），用于药物吸附的评价方法。后用高效液相色谱法，药物浓度和吸附水平的施用套管药物分析计算。

药物吸附的评价PVC-和非PVC为基础的管理管设置在使用泵

Administration sets are delivery tools for the direct application of drugs into the body and are composed of a spike, a drip chamber, tubes, Luer adapters ...

evaluation-drug-sorption-to-pvc-non-pvc-based-tubes-administration

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.5K 次观看.  Yonsei University. 我们报告使用泵和模型药物（地西泮和他克莫司），用于药物吸附的评价方法。后用高效液相色谱法，药物浓度和吸附水平的施用套管药物分析计算。 

视频: Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps

Pumps are mainly used when transferring sterile culture broths in biopharmaceutical and biotechnological production processes. However, during the pumping process shear forces occur which can lead to qualitative and/or quantitative product loss. To calculate the mechanical stress with limited experimental expense, an oil-water emulsion system was used, whose suitability was demonstrated for drop size detections in bioreactors1. As drop breakup of the oil-water emulsion system is a function of mechanical stress, drop sizes need to be counted over the experimental time of shear stress investigations. In previous studies, the inline endoscopy has been shown to be an accurate and reliable measurement technique for drop size detections in liquid/liquid dispersions. The aim of this protocol is to show the suitability of the inline endoscopy technique for drop size measurements in pumping processes. In order to express the drop size, the Sauter mean diameter d32 was used as the representative diameter of drops in the oil-water emulsion. The results showed low variation in the Sauter mean diameters, which were quantified by standard deviations of below 15%, indicating the reliability of the measurement technique.

Shear stress investigations on an oil-water emulsion system result in drop breakup over the experimental time. To count drop sizes in pumping processes, the suitability of inline endoscopy was successfully demonstrated in this protocol.

高性价比和可靠的方法来预测机械应力一次性使用和标准泵

Pumps are mainly used when transferring sterile culture broths in biopharmaceutical and biotechnological production processes. However, during the pumping ...

科研

工程学

Construction and Implantation of a Microinfusion System for Sustained Delivery of Neuroactive Agents.

Sustained delivery of neuroactive agents is widely used in neuroscience, but poses many technical challenges. It is necessary to deliver the agent with high precision while minimizing localized trauma and inflammation. Also, the ability to customize the system to accommodate animals of different species and sizes is desirable. This video presentation demonstrates the construction of an infusion system that can be fitted to any particular research animal. The delivery microcannula diameter is approximately 10-fold smaller than most infusion cannulas presently used. This translates into enhanced accuracy and reduced trauma to the brain region under study. The delivery cannula can also be sculpted to fit the contour of the surface of the animal's skull, thereby allowing closure of the scalp incision neatly over the infusion system, precluding the need for a skull-mounted pedestal, reducing risk of infection, and ensuring a greater level of comfort to the animal. The system is assembled in an air-free environment and requires the researcher to fashion glass micropipettes with a heat source. These construction methods require special skills that are best acquired, if not in person, using video instruction.  (This article is based on work first reported in J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Jan 30;167(2):213-20. Epub 2007 Aug 28.).

As neuroscience inquiry becomes more sophisticated, investigation of brain structures and circuitry requires improved levels of accuracy and higher resolution. We have developed a method for the preparation and implantation of a chronic infusion system within the brain utilizing a borosilicate microcannula with a tip diameter of 50 microns.

为持续给药Neuroactive代理Microinfusion系统的建设和植入。

Sustained delivery of neuroactive agents is widely used in neuroscience, but poses many technical challenges. It is necessary to deliver the agent with ...

生物学

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the limited access to donor hearts. An example of a treatment to recover the function of the heart consists of the local delivery of drugs and bioactives from a hydrogel. In this paper a method is introduced to formulate and inject a drug-loaded hydrogel non-invasively and side-specific into the pig heart using a long, flexible catheter. The use of 3-D electromechanical mapping and injection via a catheter allows side-specific treatment of the myocardium. To provide a hydrogel compatible with this catheter, a supramolecular hydrogel is used because of the convenient switching from a gel to a solution state using environmental triggers. At basic pH this ureido-pyrimidinone modified poly(ethylene glycol) acts as a Newtonian fluid which can be easily injected, but at physiological pH the solution rapidly switches into a gel. These mild switching conditions allow for the incorporation of bioactive drugs and bioactive species, such as growth factors and exosomes as we present here in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro experiments give an on forehand indication of the gel stability and drug release, which allows for tuning of the gel and release properties before the subsequent application in vivo. This combination allows for the optimal tuning of the gel to the used bioactive compounds and species, and the injection system.

Supramolecular hydrogelators based on ureido-pyrimidinones allow full control over the macroscopic gel properties and the sol&#8211;gel switching behavior using pH. Here, we present a protocol for formulating and injecting such a supramolecular hydrogelator via a catheter delivery system for local delivery directly in relevant areas in the pig heart.

可注射药物加载超分子凝胶局部导管注入猪心

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the ...

生物工程

用于培养环境微生物的原位模拟厌氧方法

A Set of In Situ Informed Simulated Medium Formats for Culturing Environmentally Acquired Anaerobic Microorganisms

Culture-dependent research of anaerobic microorganisms rests upon methodological competence. These methods must create and maintain suitable growth conditions (e.g., pH and carbon sources) for anaerobic microorganisms while also allowing samples to be extracted without compromising the artificial environment. To this end, methods that are informed by and simulate an in situ environment can be of great aid in culturing microorganisms from that environment. Here, we outline an in situ informed and simulated anaerobic method for culturing terrestrial surface and subsurface microorganisms, emphasizing anaerobic sample collection with minimal perturbation. This protocol details the production of a customizable anaerobic liquid medium, and the environmental&#160;acquisition and in vitro growth of anaerobic microorganisms. The protocol also covers critical components of an anaerobic bioreactor used for environmental simulations of sediment and anaerobic liquid media for environmentally acquired cultures. We have included preliminary Next Generation Sequencing data from a maintained microbiome over the lifespan of a bioreactor where the active culture dynamically adjusted in response to an experimental carbon source.

作者聚焦:通过原位培养揭开未知环境中陆地厌氧微生物的神秘面纱

The focus of this paper is to detail best practices for making media for fastidious anaerobic microorganisms acquired from an environment. These methods help manage anaerobic cultures and can be applied to support the growth of elusive uncultured microorganisms, the "microbial dark matter."

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的 原位 信息模拟培养基格式

Culture-dependent research of anaerobic microorganisms rests upon methodological competence. These methods must create and maintain suitable growth ...

环境科学

Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal blood time-activity concentration also known as arterial input function (AIF) is a key point, especially for the characterization of animal disease models and the introduction of newly developed radiotracers. The knowledge of radiotracer availability in the blood helps to interpret PET/CT-derived data of tissue activity. For this purpose, online blood sampling during the PET/CT imaging is advisable to measure the AIF. In contrast to manual blood sampling and image-derived approaches, continuous online blood sampling has several advantages. Besides the minimized blood loss, there is an improved resolution and a superior accuracy for the blood activity measurement. However, the major drawback of online blood sampling is the costly and time-consuming preparation to catheterize the femoral vessels of the animal. Here, we describe an easy and complete workflow for catheterization and continuous blood sampling during small animal PET/CT imaging and compared it to manual blood sampling and an image-derived approach. Using this highly-standardized workflow, the determination of the fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) AIF is demonstrated. Further, this procedure can be applied to any radiotracer in combination with different animal models to create fundamental knowledge of tracer kinetic and model characteristics. This allows a more precise evaluation of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, both for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical research of oncological, neurodegenerative and myocardial diseases.

Here a protocol for continuous blood sampling during PET/CT imaging of rats to measure the arterial input function (AIF) is described. The catheterization, the calibration and setup of the system and the data analysis of the blood radioactivity are demonstrated. The generated data provide input parameters for subsequent bio-kinetic modeling.

小型动物正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描中的连续血液采样支持动脉输入函数的测量

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal ...

医学

An In Vitro Hemodynamic Loop Model to Investigate the Hemocytocompatibility and Host Cell Activation of Vascular Medical Devices

In this study, the hemocompatibility of tubes with an inner diameter of 5 mm made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and coated with different bioactive conjugates was compared to uncoated PVC tubes, latex tubes, and a stent for intravascular application that was placed inside the PVC tubes. Evaluation of hemocompatibility was done using an in vitro hemodynamic loop model that is recommended by the ISO standard 10993-4. The tubes were cut into segments of identical length and closed to form loops avoiding any gap at the splice, then filled with human blood and rotated in a water bath at 37 &#176;C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the blood inside the tubes was collected for the analysis of whole blood cell count, hemolysis (free plasma hemoglobin), complement system (sC5b-9), coagulation system (fibrinopeptide A), and leukocyte activation (polymorphonuclear elastase, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6). Host cell activation was determined for platelet activation, leukocyte integrin status and monocyte platelet aggregates using flow cytometry. The effect of inaccurate loop closure was examined with x-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy, that showed thrombus formation at the splice. Latex tubes showed the strongest activation of both plasma and cellular components of the blood, indicating a poor hemocompatibility, followed by the stent group and uncoated PVC tubes. The coated PVC tubes did not show a significant decrease in platelet activation status, but showed an increased in complement and coagulation cascade compared to uncoated PVC tubes. The loop model itself did not lead to the activation of cells or soluble factors, and the hemolysis level was low. Therefore, the presented in vitro hemodynamic loop model avoids excessive activation of blood components by mechanical forces and serves as a method to investigate in vitro interactions between donor blood and vascular medical devices.

Presented here is a protocol for a standardized in vitro hemodynamic loop model. This model allows to test the hemocompatibility of perfusion tubes or vascular stents to be in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard 10993-4.

研究血管医疗器械血细胞相容性和宿主细胞活化的体外血流循环模型

In this study, the hemocompatibility of tubes with an inner diameter of 5 mm made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and coated with different bioactive ...

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study

Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from foreign entities, it also prevents some therapeutics from crossing into the central nervous system (CNS) to ameliorate diseases or infections. Drugs are administered directly into the CNS in animals and humans to circumvent the BBB. The present protocol describes a unique way of treating brain infections through intraventricular delivery of antibiotics, i.e., polymyxins, the last-line antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. A straightforward stereotaxic surgery protocol was developed to implant a guide cannula reaching into the lateral ventricle in rats. After a recovery period of 24 h, rats can be injected consciously and repeatedly through a cannula that is fitted to the guide. Injections can be delivered manually as a bolus or infusion using a microinjection pump to obtain a slow and controlled flow rate. The intraventricular injection was successfully confirmed with Evans Blue dye. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be drained, and the brain and other organs can be collected. This approach is highly amenable for studies involving drug delivery to the CNS and subsequent assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity.

Delivery of therapeutics directly into the central nervous system is one way of circumventing the blood-brain barrier. The present protocol demonstrates intracerebroventricular injection for subsequent collection of cerebrospinal fluid and bodily organs. This facilitates the investigation of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in animal models for developing new treatments.

Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from foreign entities, it also prevents some therapeutics from crossing into the central nervous ...

神经科学

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

猪模型中闭合胸部双心室压力-体积循环记录与导管

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...

药物吸附的评价PVC-和非PVC为基础的管理管设置在使用泵

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

高性价比和可靠的方法来预测机械应力一次性使用和标准泵

为持续给药Neuroactive代理Microinfusion系统的建设和植入。

可注射药物加载超分子凝胶局部导管注入猪心

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式

小型动物正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描中的连续血液采样支持动脉输入函数的测量

研究血管医疗器械血细胞相容性和宿主细胞活化的体外血流循环模型

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study

猪模型中闭合胸部双心室压力-体积循环记录与导管

药物吸附的评价PVC-和非PVC为基础的管理管设置在使用泵

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

高性价比和可靠的方法来预测机械应力一次性使用和标准泵

为持续给药Neuroactive代理Microinfusion系统的建设和植入。

可注射药物加载超分子凝胶局部导管注入猪心

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的 原位 信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的 原位 信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的 原位 信息模拟培养基格式

小型动物正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描中的连续血液采样支持动脉输入函数的测量

研究血管医疗器械血细胞相容性和宿主细胞活化的体外血流循环模型

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study

猪模型中闭合胸部双心室压力-体积循环记录与导管

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式

一套用于培养环境获得性厌氧微生物的原位信息模拟培养基格式